View绘制Drawable原理分析记录

View绘制Drawable原理分析记录

Drawable是Android开发中的通用可绘制对象，View类默认针对Drawable进行一些必要的绘制，如背景，此文旨在记录分析View绘制Drawable时的关键细节

1.XML布局文件的Background

通常，我们在XML文件中设置View的background如下：

android:background="@drawable/drawable_bg"/*设置其他Drawable背景*/
android:background="#ff124a54"/*设置颜色背景*/

在展开阐述之前，我们先明确一下，android:background属性值在实际操作中都会实例化为Drawable，参考官方文档，常用的属性值与Drawable对象关系如下：
- “#ffffffff”=>ColorDrawable
- “@drawable/shape_bg”=>GradientDrawable（假设shape_bg.xml文件为顶层为shape标签）
- “@drawable/bmp_bg”=>BitmapDrawable（假设bmp_bg为.png/.jpg/.bmp文件）
- “@drawable/9patch_bg”=>NinePatchDrawable（假设9patch_bg为.9.png文件）

2.Drawable的ConstantState

2.1什么是ConstantState

如果把Drawable比作一个绘制容器，那么ConstantState就是容器中真正的内容，Drawable的源码如下：

/**
     * This abstract class is used by {@link Drawable}s to store shared constant state and data
     * between Drawables. {@link BitmapDrawable}s created from the same resource will for instance
     * share a unique bitmap stored in their ConstantState.
     *
     * <p>
     * {@link #newDrawable(Resources)} can be used as a factory to create new Drawable instances
     * from this ConstantState.
     * </p>
     *
     * Use {@link Drawable#getConstantState()} to retrieve the ConstantState of a Drawable. Calling
     * {@link Drawable#mutate()} on a Drawable should typically create a new ConstantState for that
     * Drawable.
     */
    public static abstract class ConstantState {
   
        /**
         * Create a new drawable without supplying resources the caller
         * is running in.  Note that using this means the density-dependent
         * drawables (like bitmaps) will not be able to update their target
         * density correctly. One should use {@link #newDrawable(Resources)}
         * instead to provide a resource.
         */
        public abstract Drawable newDrawable();
        /**
         * Create a new Drawable instance from its constant state.  This
         * must be implemented for drawables that change based on the target
         * density of their caller (that is depending on whether it is
         * in compatibility mode).
         */
        public Drawable newDrawable(Resources res) {
            return newDrawable();
        }
        /**
         * Return a bit mask of configuration changes that will impact
         * this drawable (and thus require completely reloading it).
         */
        public abstract