OpenCV学习笔记（一）：读取、显示、保存图片

OpenCV学习笔记（一）：读取、显示、保存图片

OpenCV中最基本的操作：读取、显示、保存图片。

OpenCV2.0版本引入与Matlab命令相同的函数，imread、imshow、imwrite，获取图片更将方便。

读取文件 imread

C++

Mat imread(const string& filename, int flags=1 )

1	Mat imread ( const string & filename , int flags = 1 )

其中flags表示载入后图片的颜色模式。

CV_LOAD_IMAGE_UNCHANGED (0) 以RGB模式载入图片

显示图片需要一个窗口。

创建窗口 namedWindow

C++

void namedWindow(const string& winname, int flags=WINDOW_AUTOSIZE )

1	void namedWindow ( const string & winname , int flags = WINDOW _AUTOSIZE )

CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE 窗口大小自动调整到显示图片的大小
CV_WINDOW_NORMAL 只在Qt中使用，可以改变窗口大小

显示图片 imshow

C++

void imshow(const string& winname, InputArray mat)

1	void imshow ( const string & winname , InputArray mat )

在窗口中显示图片，对于NORMAL的窗口，把图片缩放到窗口固定大小，再显示。根据图像数据的深度，对图像进行下面的处理：

8-bit unsigned 直接显示
16-bit unsigned or 32-bit integer 像素点值除以256，即把[0,255*256] 映射到 [0,255]
32-bit floating-point 像素点值乘以255，即把[0,1] 映射到 [0,255]

所以，imshow可以正常显示取值范围[0,255]的uchar型图像、取值范围[0,1]的float或double类型图像，中间一种数据格式没用过。

显示图像后，为了避免程序向下运行以致窗口一闪而过，需要等待一旦时间，waitKey正是这个功能。

等待键盘按键 waitKey

C++

int waitKey(int delay=0)

1	int waitKey ( int delay = 0 )

delay小于等于0时，一直等待，只到用户按键，再继续执行。
delay大于0时，在delay微秒内等待用户按键。

处理过的图像需要保存到文件中。

保存图像 imwrite

C++

bool imwrite(const string& filename, InputArray img, const vector& params=vector() )

1	bool imwrite ( const string & filename , InputArray img , const vector & params = vector ( ) )

params中的每个参数成对出现，即paramId_1, paramValue_1, paramId_2, paramValue_2, … ，当前支持如下参数：

JPEG：压缩质量 ( CV_IMWRITE_JPEG_QUALITY )，从0到100（数值越高质量越好），默认值为95。
PNG：compression level ( CV_IMWRITE_PNG_COMPRESSION ) 从0到9。 数值越高，文件大小越小，压缩时间越长。默认值为3。
PPM, PGM, or PBM：二进制标志 ( CV_IMWRITE_PXM_BINARY )，0 或 1。默认值为1。

还有一组函数，用于从内存读取数据和向内存写入数据。

从内存读图片 imdecode

C++

Mat imdecode(InputArray buf, int flags)

1	Mat imdecode ( InputArray buf , int flags )

写图片到内存 imencode

C++

bool imencode(const string& ext, InputArray img, vector& buf, const vector& params=vector())

1	bool imencode ( const string & ext , InputArray img , vector & buf , const vector & params = vector ( ) )

ext – 图片的扩展名
img – 要保存的图片
buf – 输出缓存，改变大小以适应数据
params – 格式相关的参数，参见imwrite。

上面两个函数的示例代码如下所示，来自http://code.google.com/p/opencvjp-sample/source/browse/trunk/cpp/encode_decode_test.cpp?r=63 。

C++

#include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <cv.h> #include <highgui.h> using namespace std; using namespace cv; double getPSNR(Mat& src1, Mat& src2, int bb=0); int main(int argc, char** argv) { Mat src = imread("lenna.png"); //(1) jpeg compression vector<uchar> buff;//buffer for coding vector<int> param = vector<int>(2); param[0]=CV_IMWRITE_JPEG_QUALITY; param[1]=95;//default(95) 0-100 imencode(".jpg",src,buff,param); cout<<"coded file size(jpg)"<<buff.size()<<endl;//fit buff size automatically. Mat jpegimage = imdecode(Mat(buff),CV_LOAD_IMAGE_COLOR); //(2) png compression param[0]=CV_IMWRITE_PNG_COMPRESSION; param[1]=3;//default(3) 0-9. imencode(".png",src,buff,param); cout<<"coded file size(png)"<<buff.size()<<endl; Mat pngimage = imdecode(Mat(buff),CV_LOAD_IMAGE_COLOR); //(3) intaractive jpeg compression char name[64]; namedWindow("jpg"); int q=95; createTrackbar("quality","jpg",&q,100); int key = 0; while(key!='q') { param[0]=CV_IMWRITE_JPEG_QUALITY; param[1]=q; imencode(".jpg",src,buff,param); Mat show = imdecode(Mat(buff),CV_LOAD_IMAGE_COLOR); double psnr = getPSNR(src,show);//get PSNR double bpp = 8.0*buff.size()/(show.size().area());//bit/pixe; sprintf(name,"quality:%03d, %.1fdB, %.2fbpp",q,psnr,bpp); putText(show,name,Point(15,50), FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX,1,CV_RGB(255,255,255),2); imshow("jpg",show); key = waitKey(33); if(key =='s') { //(4) data writing sprintf(name,"q%03d_%.2fbpp.png",q,bpp); imwrite(name,show); sprintf(name,"q%03d_%.2fbpp.jpg",q,bpp); param[0]=CV_IMWRITE_JPEG_QUALITY; param[1]=q; imwrite(name,src,param);; } } } double getPSNR(Mat& src1, Mat& src2, int bb) { int i,j; double sse,mse,psnr; sse = 0.0; Mat s1,s2; cvtColor(src1,s1,CV_BGR2GRAY); cvtColor(src2,s2,CV_BGR2GRAY); int count=0; for(j=bb;j<s1.rows-bb;j++) { uchar* d=s1.ptr(j); uchar* s=s2.ptr(j); for(i=bb;i<s1.cols-bb;i++) { sse += ((d[i] - s[i])*(d[i] - s[i])); count++; } } if(sse == 0.0 || count==0) { return 0; } else { mse =sse /(double)(count); psnr = 10.0*log10((255*255)/mse); return psnr; } }

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98

#include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <cv.h> #include <highgui.h> using namespace std ; using namespace cv ;   double getPSNR ( Mat & src1 , Mat & src2 , int bb = 0 ) ;   int main ( int argc , char * * argv ) {          Mat src = imread ( "lenna.png" ) ;            //(1) jpeg compression          vector < uchar > buff ; //buffer for coding          vector < int > param = vector < int > ( 2 ) ;          param [ 0 ] = CV_IMWRITE_JPEG_QUALITY ;          param [ 1 ] = 95 ; //default(95) 0-100            imencode ( ".jpg" , src , buff , param ) ;          cout << "coded file size(jpg)" << buff . size ( ) << endl ; //fit buff size automatically.          Mat jpegimage = imdecode ( Mat ( buff ) , CV_LOAD_IMAGE_COLOR ) ;            //(2) png compression          param [ 0 ] = CV_IMWRITE_PNG_COMPRESSION ;          param [ 1 ] = 3 ; //default(3)  0-9.          imencode ( ".png" , src , buff , param ) ;          cout << "coded file size(png)" << buff . size ( ) << endl ;          Mat pngimage = imdecode ( Mat ( buff ) , CV_LOAD_IMAGE_COLOR ) ;            //(3) intaractive jpeg compression          char name [ 64 ] ;          namedWindow ( "jpg" ) ;          int q = 95 ;          createTrackbar ( "quality" , "jpg" , &q , 100 ) ;          int key = 0 ;          while ( key != 'q' )          {                  param [ 0 ] = CV_IMWRITE_JPEG_QUALITY ;                  param [ 1 ] = q ;                  imencode ( ".jpg" , src , buff , param ) ;                  Mat show = imdecode ( Mat ( buff ) , CV_LOAD_IMAGE_COLOR ) ;                    double psnr = getPSNR ( src , show ) ; //get PSNR                  double bpp = 8.0 * buff . size ( ) / ( show . size ( ) . area ( ) ) ; //bit/pixe;                  sprintf ( name , "quality:%03d, %.1fdB, %.2fbpp" , q , psnr , bpp ) ;                  putText ( show , name , Point ( 15 , 50 ) , FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX , 1 , CV_RGB ( 255 , 255 , 255 ) , 2 ) ;                  imshow ( "jpg" , show ) ;                  key = waitKey ( 33 ) ;                    if ( key == 's' )                  {                          //(4) data writing                          sprintf ( name , "q%03d_%.2fbpp.png" , q , bpp ) ;                          imwrite ( name , show ) ;                            sprintf ( name , "q%03d_%.2fbpp.jpg" , q , bpp ) ;                          param [ 0 ] = CV_IMWRITE_JPEG_QUALITY ;                          param [ 1 ] = q ;                          imwrite ( name , src , param ) ; ;                  }          } } double getPSNR ( Mat & src1 , Mat & src2 , int bb ) {          int i , j ;          double sse , mse , psnr ;          sse = 0.0 ;            Mat s1 , s2 ;          cvtColor ( src1 , s1 , CV_BGR2GRAY ) ;          cvtColor ( src2 , s2 , CV_BGR2GRAY ) ;            int count = 0 ;          for ( j = bb ; j < s1 . rows - bb ; j ++ )          {                  uchar * d = s1 . ptr ( j ) ;                  uchar * s = s2 . ptr ( j ) ;                    for ( i = bb ; i < s1 . cols - bb ; i ++ )                  {                          sse += ( ( d [ i ] - s [ i ] ) * ( d [ i ] - s [ i ] ) ) ;                          count ++ ;                  }          }          if ( sse == 0.0 || count == 0 )          {                  return 0 ;          }          else          {                  mse = sse / ( double ) ( count ) ;                  psnr = 10.0 * log10 ( ( 255 * 255 ) / mse ) ;                  return psnr ;          } }

最后，应该释放窗口。窗口可以自动释放，也可以手动关闭。

释放窗口 destroyWindow  destroyAllWindow

C++

void destroyWindow(const string& winname) void destroyAllWindows()

1 2 3 4

void destroyWindow ( const string & winname ) void destroyAllWindows ( )

第一个释放单个窗口，第二个释放所有窗口。