该文详细介绍了如何搭建K8S集群，包括基础环境配置、使用kubeadm初始化、安装keepalived实现VIP、部署haproxy实现负载均衡，以及在master和node节点上配置calico网络。此外，还提供了初始化master节点和添加node节点的步骤。
K8S集群搭建
1. 基础环境
| IP | 节点名称 | 域名 | 规格 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10.1.2.111 | k8s-master-1 | master01.k8s.io | 4核8G，50G |
| 10.1.2.112 | k8s-master-2 | master02.k8s.io | 4核8G，50G |
| 10.1.2.113 | k8s-cluster-endpoint，没有具体节点，只vip | master.k8s.io | |
| 10.1.2.180 | k8s-node-1 | 8核16G，50G | |
| 10.1.2.181 | k8s-node-2 | 8核16G，50G | |
| 10.1.2.182 | k8s-node-3 | 8核16G，50G | |
| 10.1.2.190 | k8s-harbor | harbor.k8s.io | 4核8G，100G |
| 10.1.2.191 | k8s-nfs-server | nfs.k8s.io | 4核8G，300G |
集群架构图如下：
配置集群主要步骤包括：
-
kubeadm做集群初始化
-
需要安装keepalived，配置master的vip
-
安装haproxy，配置master的ha
-
初始化master1节点
-
配置calico网络，配置网络之后才能进行节点加入，包括master节点和node节点都需要先配置网络
-
初始化master2节点
-
加入node节点
2. kubeadm构建集群
构建k8s集群
kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=10.1.2.111 \
--control-plane-endpoint=k8s-cluster-endpoint \
--image-repository registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images \
--kubernetes-version v1.20.9 \
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 \
--pod-network-cidr=192.168.0.0/16
上述
-
“–apiserver-advertise-address=10.1.2.111”改成nodeIP
-
“–pod-network-cidr=192.168.0.0/16”改的是pod的网段，外面访问不了，直接192就可以
-
“–service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16”改的是service的网段，是一个虚IP，因此
-
“–control-plane-endpoint=k8s-cluster-endpoint”，控制节点，实际上是master的管理域名，即hosts里面的那个域名，我这个地方填的是vip的域名
-
“–image-repository”，默认的k8s镜像获取地址
3. 安装keepalived
安装：
# 依赖
yum install -y conntrack-tools libseccomp libtool-ltdl
# 安装keepalived
yum install -y keepalived
master1的配置文件：
cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf <<EOF
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id k8s
}
vrrp_script check_haproxy {
script "killall -0 haproxy"
interval 3
weight -2
fall 10
rise 2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 250
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass ceb1b3ec013d66163d6ab
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.1.2.113
}
track_script {
check_haproxy
}
}
EOF
master2的配置文件：
cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf <<EOF
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id k8s
}
vrrp_script check_haproxy {
script "killall -0 haproxy"
interval 3
weight -2
fall 10
rise 2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 200
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass ceb1b3ec013d66163d6ab
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.1.2.113
}
track_script {
check_haproxy
}
}
EOF
# 启动keepalived
systemctl start keepalived.service
# 设置开机启动
systemctl enable keepalived.service
# 查看启动状态
systemctl status keepalived.service
ip a s eth0
4. 安装haproxy
# 安装haproxy
yum install -y haproxy
# 启动 haproxy
systemctl start haproxy
# 开启自启
systemctl enable haproxy
cat > /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg << EOF
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Global settings
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
global
# to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will
# need to:
# 1) configure syslog to accept network log events. This is done
# by adding the '-r' option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog
# 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log
# file. A line like the following can be added to
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog
#
# local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log
#
log 127.0.0.1 local2
chroot /var/lib/haproxy
pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid
maxconn 4000
user haproxy
group haproxy
daemon
# turn on stats unix socket
stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will
# use if not designated in their block
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
defaults
mode http
log global
option httplog
option dontlognull
option http-server-close
option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8
option redispatch
retries 3
timeout http-request 10s
timeout queue 1m
timeout connect 10s
timeout client 1m
timeout server 1m
timeout http-keep-alive 10s
timeout check 10s
maxconn 3000
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# kubernetes apiserver frontend which proxys to the backends
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
frontend kubernetes-apiserver
mode tcp
bind *:16443
option tcplog
default_backend kubernetes-apiserver
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# round robin balancing between the various backends
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
backend kubernetes-apiserver
mode tcp
balance roundrobin
server master01.k8s.io 10.1.2.111:6443 check
server master02.k8s.io 10.1.2.112:6443 check
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# collection haproxy statistics message
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
listen stats
bind *:1080
stats auth admin:awesomePassword
stats refresh 5s
stats realm HAProxy\ Statistics
stats uri /admin?stats
EOF
5. 初始化master1节点
# 创建文件夹
mkdir /usr/local/kubernetes/manifests -p
# 到manifests目录
cd /usr/local/kubernetes/manifests/
# 新建yaml文件
vi kubeadm-config.yaml
kubeadm-config.yaml文件内容：
apiServer:
certSANs:
- guankong-ctrl-k8s01
- guankong-ctrl-k8s02
- k8s-cluster-endpoint
- 10.1.2.111
- 10.1.2.112
- 10.1.2.113
- 127.0.0.1
extraArgs:
authorization-mode: Node,RBAC
timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controlPlaneEndpoint: "master.k8s.io:16443"
controllerManager: {}
dns:
type: CoreDNS
etcd:
local:
dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.20.9
networking:
dnsDomain: cluster.local
podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16
serviceSubnet: 10.1.0.0/16
scheduler: {}
然后执行master节点init：
# 查看kubelet发现不对，需要更改变为正确
swapoff -a
systemctl daemon-reload
kubeadm init --config kubeadm-config.yaml --ignore-preflight-errors=Swap
然后得到如下结果：
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
You can now join any number of control-plane nodes by copying certificate authorities
and service account keys on each node and then running the following as root:
kubeadm join master.k8s.io:16443 --token 8ya83c.0aviiwbjb1eorrp1 \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:fded3b3f22275c13a0637cd7e2592f6ec7b5e9cc8d611c01a37d20a36c4748d0 \
--control-plane
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
kubeadm join master.k8s.io:16443 --token 8ya83c.0aviiwbjb1eorrp1 \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:fded3b3f22275c13a0637cd7e2592f6ec7b5e9cc8d611c01a37d20a36c4748d0
查看集群状态：
# 查看集群状态
kubectl get cs
# 查看pod
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
给节点添加label，用于亲和性调度
kubectl label node k8s-master-1 kubernetes.io/node=master1
6. 配置calico网络
配置了k8s的master1之后，需要添加k8s网络，不然节点加入时候无法互通。
配置calico网络：
mkdir /usr/local/kubernetes/manifests/calico -p
cd /usr/local/kubernetes/manifests/calico
wget https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.14/manifests/calico.yaml --no-check-certificate
修改calico.yaml：
修改pod网段，查看pod cidr：
kubectl get nodes -o jsonpath='{.items[*].spec.podCIDR}'
# 加到calico的网段上
# 把calico.yaml里pod所在网段改成kubeadm init时选项--pod-network-cidr所指定的网段，
# 直接用vim编辑打开此文件查找192，按如下标记进行修改：
# no effect. This should fall within `--cluster-cidr`.
# - name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR
# value: "192.168.0.0/16"
# Disable file logging so `kubectl logs` works.
- name: CALICO_DISABLE_FILE_LOGGING
value: "true"
# 把两个#及#后面的空格去掉，并把192.168.0.0/16改成10.244.0.0/16
# no effect. This should fall within `--cluster-cidr`.
- name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR
value: "10.244.0.0/16"
# Disable file logging so `kubectl logs` works.
- name: CALICO_DISABLE_FILE_LOGGING
value: "true"
安装calico网络：
kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
等拉完镜像了，可以查看到节点已经准备完毕
[root@guankong-ctrl-k8s01 calico]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master-1 Ready control-plane,master 35m v1.20.9
7. 初始化master2节点
复制master1上的文件到master2中：
ssh root@55.241.105.95 mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd
scp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf root@55.241.105.95:/etc/kubernetes
scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/{ca.*,sa.*,front-proxy-ca.*} root@55.241.105.95:/etc/kubernetes/pki
scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.* root@55.241.105.95:/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd
然后把上述的，返回的内容加到集群中来：
kubeadm join master.k8s.io:16443 --token 8ya83c.0aviiwbjb1eorrp1 \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:fded3b3f22275c13a0637cd7e2592f6ec7b5e9cc8d611c01a37d20a36c4748d0 \
--control-plane
8. 添加node节点
kubeadm join master.k8s.io:16443 --token 8ya83c.0aviiwbjb1eorrp1 \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:fded3b3f22275c13a0637cd7e2592f6ec7b5e9cc8d611c01a37d20a36c4748d0
至此，k8s集群搭建完毕，可以通过命令查看k8s的运行状态：
[root@guankong-ctrl-k8s02 ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master-1 Ready <none> 111d v1.20.9
k8s-master-2 Ready <none> 111d v1.20.9
k8s-node-1 Ready <none> 111d v1.20.9
k8s-node-2 Ready control-plane,master 111d v1.20.9
k8s-node-3 Ready control-plane,master 110d v1.20.9
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