线程范围内共享数据ThreadLocal

一、ThreadLocal概念：

• ThreadLocal的实例代表了一个线程局部的变量
• 它采用采用空间来换取时间的方式，解决多线程中相同变量的访问冲突问题。
• 实现原理：由下方源码可知，ThreadLocal实际上是用当然的Thread对象为键使用map实现效果的。

//源码：
private T setInitialValue() {
        T value = initialValue();
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
        ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
        if (map != null)
            map.set(this, value);
        else
            createMap(t, value);
        return value;
    }

二、ThreadLocal案例

1、原始版本：

public class ThreadLocalTestBefore {
	//创建ThreadLocal对象
    private static ThreadLocal<ThreadLocalData> tl = new ThreadLocal<ThreadLocalData>();

    public static void main(String[] args) {
		创建两个线程分别存储自己的数据并使用数据
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                int data = new Random().nextInt();
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" "+data);
                tl.set(new ThreadLocalData("000",data));
                new ThreadLocalTestBefore.A().a();
                new ThreadLocalTestBefore.B().b();
            }
        }).start();

        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                int data = new Random().nextInt();
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" "+data);
                tl.set(new ThreadLocalData("111",data));
                new ThreadLocalTestBefore.A().a();
                new ThreadLocalTestBefore.B().b();
            }
        }).start();
    }

	//A、B类分别为使用线程局部变量的数据
    static class A{

        public void a(){
            System.out.println("A from "+ Thread.currentThread().getName()+" "+tl.get().getName()+" "+tl.get().getAge());
        }
    }

    static  class B{
        public void b(){
            System.out.println("B from "+ Thread.currentThread().getName()+" "+tl.get().getName()+" "+tl.get().getAge());
        }
    }
}
//存储线程局部变量的类
class ThreadLocalData{


    private String name;
    private int age;

    public ThreadLocalData(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

2、改良版本：
改良原因：因为每个线程该局部变量只有一个，所以可以把该对象设计为单例模式，并封装在内部。

public class ThreadLocalTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //创建两个线程分别存储自己的数据并使用数据
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                int data = new Random().nextInt();
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" "+data);
                ThreadLocalData.getThreadInstance().setName("000");
                ThreadLocalData.getThreadInstance().setAge(data);
                new A().a();
                new B().b();
            }
        }).start();

        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                int data = new Random().nextInt();
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" "+data);
                ThreadLocalData.getThreadInstance().setName("111");
                ThreadLocalData.getThreadInstance().setAge(data);
                new A().a();
                new B().b();
            }
        }).start();
    }

    //A、B类分别为使用线程局部变量的数据
    static class A{

        public void a(){
            System.out.println("A from "+ Thread.currentThread().getName()+" "+ThreadLocalData.getThreadInstance().getName()+" "+ThreadLocalData.getThreadInstance().getAge());
        }
    }

    static  class B{
        public void b(){
            System.out.println("B from "+ Thread.currentThread().getName()+" "+ThreadLocalData.getThreadInstance().getName()+" "+ThreadLocalData.getThreadInstance().getAge());
        }
    }
}
//模仿单例设计模式
class ThreadLocalData{

    private static ThreadLocal<ThreadLocalData> tl = new ThreadLocal<ThreadLocalData>();

    //构造方法私有
    private ThreadLocalData(){};

    //已设计成线程内数据共享模式
    public static ThreadLocalData getThreadInstance(){
        ThreadLocalData  instance =  tl.get();
        if(instance == null){//懒汉设计模式
            instance = new ThreadLocalData();
            tl.set(instance);
        }
        return instance;
    }

    private String name;
    private int age;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

三、ThreadLocal应用场景

最常见的ThreadLocal使用场景为 用来解决 数据库连接（不考虑连接池）、Session管理等。

private static ThreadLocal<Connection> connectionHolder = new ThreadLocal<Connection>() {
	public Connection initialValue() {
	    return DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL);
	}
};
 
public static Connection getConnection() {
	return connectionHolder.get();
}

private static final ThreadLocal threadSession = new ThreadLocal();
 
public static Session getSession() throws InfrastructureException {
    Session s = (Session) threadSession.get();
    try {
        if (s == null) {
            s = getSessionFactory().openSession();
            threadSession.set(s);
        }
    } catch (HibernateException ex) {
        throw new InfrastructureException(ex);
    }
    return s;
}