信号灯是进程间通信的一种,但与其他类型大有不同。它主要用于进程的访问控制,也可以用于进程同步。
其使用的库函数:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/sem.h>
#include<sys/ipc.h>
这里写了一个简单的例子,用信号灯将A,B以AABBAA。。。。的顺序输出:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/sem.h>
#include<sys/ipc.h>
union semun
{
int val; /* Value for SETVAL */
struct semid_ds *buf; /* Buffer for IPC_STAT, IPC_SET */
unsigned short *array; /* Array for GETALL, SETALL */
struct seminfo *__buf; /* Buffer for IPC_INFO
(Linux specific) */
};
int semid;
void sem_init();
void sem_p();
void sem_v();
void sem_delete();
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
semid = semget((key_t)1234, 1, IPC_CREAT | 0666);
if (-1 == semid)
{
perror("semget");
exit(1);
}
char ch = 'A';
if (argc > 1)
{
ch = 'B';
sem_init();
sleep(2);
}
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
sem_p();
printf("%c", ch);
fflush(stdout);
sleep(1);
printf("%c", ch);
fflush(stdout);
sleep(1);
sem_v();
}
sem_delete();
return 0;
}
void sem_init()
{
union semun sem;
sem.val = 1;
int ret = semctl(semid, 0, SETVAL, sem);
if (-1 == ret)
{
perror("semctl");
}
}
void sem_p()
{
if (!is_exist())
{
return;
}
struct sembuf buffer;
buffer.sem_num = 0;
buffer.sem_op = -1;
buffer.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
int ret = semop(semid, &buffer, 1);
if (-1 == ret)
{
perror("p");
exit(3);
}
}
void sem_v()
{
if (!is_exist())
{
return;
}
struct sembuf buffer;
buffer.sem_num = 0;
buffer.sem_op = 1;
buffer.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
int ret = semop(semid, &buffer, 1);
if (-1 == ret)
{
perror("v");
exit(3);
}
}
void sem_delete()
{
if (!is_exist())
{
return;
}
union semun sem;
int ret = semctl(semid, 0, IPC_RMID, sem);
if (-1 == ret)
{
perror("semctl");
exit(4);
}
}
int is_exist()
{
union semun seminfo;
struct seminfo info;
seminfo.__buf = &info;
int ret = semctl(semid, 0, SEM_INFO, seminfo);
if (-1 == ret)
{
perror("semctl");
exit(4);
}
return info.semusz == 0 ? 0 : 1;
}