信号灯的应用

信号灯是进程间通信的一种，但与其他类型大有不同。它主要用于进程的访问控制，也可以用于进程同步。
其使用的库函数：
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/sem.h>
#include<sys/ipc.h>
这里写了一个简单的例子，用信号灯将A,B以AABBAA。。。。的顺序输出：

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/sem.h>
#include<sys/ipc.h>

union semun 
{
int val;    /* Value for SETVAL */
struct semid_ds *buf;    /* Buffer for IPC_STAT, IPC_SET */
    unsigned short  *array;  /* Array for GETALL, SETALL */
struct seminfo  *__buf;  /* Buffer for IPC_INFO
     (Linux specific) */
};



int semid;

void sem_init();
void sem_p();
void sem_v();
void sem_delete();

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{

semid = semget((key_t)1234, 1, IPC_CREAT | 0666);
if (-1 == semid)
{
perror("semget");
exit(1);
}
char ch = 'A';
if (argc > 1)
{
ch = 'B';
        sem_init();
sleep(2);
}

int i;
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
sem_p();
printf("%c", ch);
fflush(stdout);
sleep(1);
printf("%c", ch);
fflush(stdout);
sleep(1);
sem_v();
}
sem_delete();
return 0;
}

void sem_init()
{
union semun sem;
sem.val = 1;
int ret = semctl(semid, 0, SETVAL, sem);
if (-1 == ret)
{
perror("semctl");
}
}

void sem_p()
{
if (!is_exist())
{
return;
}
struct sembuf buffer;
buffer.sem_num = 0;
buffer.sem_op = -1;
buffer.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
int ret = semop(semid, &buffer, 1);
if (-1 == ret)
{
perror("p");
exit(3);
}
}



void sem_v()
{

if (!is_exist())
{
return;
}
struct sembuf buffer;
buffer.sem_num = 0;
buffer.sem_op = 1;
buffer.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
int ret = semop(semid, &buffer, 1);
if (-1 == ret)
{
perror("v");
exit(3);
}
}

void sem_delete()
{
if (!is_exist())
{
return;
}

union semun sem;
int ret = semctl(semid, 0, IPC_RMID, sem);
if (-1 == ret)
{
perror("semctl");
exit(4);
}
}

int is_exist()
{

union semun seminfo;
struct seminfo info;
seminfo.__buf = &info;
int ret = semctl(semid, 0, SEM_INFO, seminfo);
    if (-1 == ret)
{
perror("semctl");
exit(4);
}

return info.semusz == 0 ? 0 : 1;
}