初尝Java异步编程

最近从头了解了一下java的异步编程，通过一些例子去展现不同java版本下怎么去实现任务的并行。 

（一）Java 1.0的通过Thread 类 和 Runnable接口

Thread类实现了Runnable接口。

一般用法：

1）创建一个类SendToCUPD，实现Runnable接口，重写run()方法去实现任务

2）创建一个类SendToCUPD的实例， 作为参数去新建一个Thread并调用Thread.start 方法。 然后系统去新建一个线程去执行这个任务

public class JThread {
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("get request from TC thread id="+Thread.currentThread().getId());	
		Runnable createRM = new CreateRichMedia("Thread RM");
		new Thread(createRM).start();
		
		Runnable tCUPD=new SendToCUPD("Thread CUPD");
		new Thread(tCUPD).start();
		System.out.println("End main method");	
		
		
	}

}

class SendToCUPD implements Runnable{
	public String TName;
	public SendToCUPD(String TName) {
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
		this.TName=TName;
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		System.out.println("b4 send to cupd");
		try {
			System.out.println(" sending to cupd, thread id="+Thread.currentThread().getId());
			Thread.sleep(3000);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println("end send to cupd");
	}
	
}

class CreateRichMedia implements Runnable{

	public String TName;
	public CreateRichMedia(String TName) {
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
		this.TName=TName;
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {

		System.out.println("start response Rich media");
		try {
			System.out.println("creating response Rich media, thread id="+Thread.currentThread().getId());
			Thread.sleep(1000);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println("End response Rich media");
	
		
	}
	
}

（二）Java5， Callable, Future, FutureTask

通过Runable和Thread， 无法获取子线程的运行结果。 
Java5 引入了 java.util.concurrent， 可以获取到子线程的运行结果。 

Future接口可以理解成一个任务， Future.get()方法可以获取任务的运行结果

例子步骤：

1）创建一个RMTask和CUPDTask， 实现Callable接口。 重写call（）方法去实现任务

2）通过Executors类去创建一个线程池

3）通过Executors.submit()去创建子线程去执行任务。

public class J5Thread {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// ES
		System.out.println("Get request from TC, thread id="+Thread.currentThread().getId());
		ExecutorService ES=Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
		
		//task
		Callable<Integer> rmTask= new RMTask();
		Callable<Integer> cupdTask = new CUPDTask();
		
		//ES submit task, 
		//param is callable
		//return result
		Future<Integer> rmResult=ES.submit(rmTask);
		Future<Integer> cupdResult= ES.submit(cupdTask);
		ES.shutdown();
		
		System.out.println("ES shutdown, thread id="+Thread.currentThread().getId());
		//ES shutdown
		
		try {
			Integer result = rmResult.get();
			System.out.println("process rmResult, thread id="+Thread.currentThread().getId());
			System.out.println("process rmResult="+result);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (ExecutionException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		

	}
}
//define task
class RMTask implements Callable<Integer>{

	@Override
	public Integer call() throws Exception {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("creating response Rich media, thread id="+Thread.currentThread().getId());
		Thread.sleep(3000);
		System.out.println("end response Rich media, thread id="+Thread.currentThread().getId());
		return new Integer(3);
	}
	
}

class CUPDTask implements Callable<Integer>{

	@Override
	public Integer call() throws Exception {
		System.out.println("creating CUPD msg, thread id="+Thread.currentThread().getId());
		Thread.sleep(8000);
		System.out.println("end response Rich media, thread id="+Thread.currentThread().getId());
		return new Integer(10);
	}
	

（三）Java7， fork/join

Java 7在java.util.concurrent包下加入了支持fork/join框架的RecursiveTask，forkjoinpool 

例子，去计算从start到end的连续数字的和：

1）执行任务的类要继承RecursiveTask类

2）定义一个compute方法，将要算的数分成两组，再分别调用compute方法去算。 运用了递归算法 

3）定义一个ForkJoinPool去执行任务， submit方法返还一个Future类， 通过future.get()去获取任务结果

public class J7ForkJoin extends RecursiveTask<Integer>{
	private static final int THRESHOLD=5;
	private int beginning;
	private int ending;
	
	public J7ForkJoin(int beginning, int ending) {
		super();
		this.beginning = beginning;
		this.ending = ending;
	}

	//override compute
	@Override
	protected Integer compute() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		//check if still need fork
		int sum=0;
		boolean canCompute = (ending-beginning)<=THRESHOLD;
		if(canCompute){
			//no need
			System.out.println("no need fork, ThreadID="+Thread.currentThread().getId());
			System.out.println("no need fork, beginning="+this.beginning);
			System.out.println("no need fork, ending="+this.ending);
			for(int i=beginning; i<=ending;++i){
				sum+=i;
			}
			return sum;
		}else{
			//need
			int interim=(this.ending+this.beginning)/2;
			//5+1 /2 =3 1-3
			//6+1 /2 =3 1-3
			System.out.println("need fork, ThreadID="+Thread.currentThread().getId());
			System.out.println("need fork, interim="+interim);
			J7ForkJoin leftTask=new J7ForkJoin(this.beginning , interim);
			J7ForkJoin rightTask=new J7ForkJoin(interim+1, this.ending);
			//.fork
			leftTask.fork();
			rightTask.fork();
			
			//get reuslt
			int leftResult=leftTask.join();
			int rightResult=rightTask.join();
			sum =leftResult+rightResult;
			return sum;
		}
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		ForkJoinPool FJPool=new ForkJoinPool();
		J7ForkJoin task=new J7ForkJoin(1, 20);
		Future<Integer> result=FJPool.submit(task);
		try {
			System.out.println("main result="+result.get());
		} catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		
	}
}

（ 四 ） Java8 CompletableFuture

可以定义回调函数， 子线程执行完后，会触发回调函数

步骤：

1）CompletableFuture.supplyAsync（），定义要执行的异步任务

2）cupdResult.thenAccept(new Consumer<String>() ， 重写accept（）方法去定义回调函数

public class J8ComFuture3 {

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
		// get msg from tc
		System.out.println("Got reqeust from TC");

		// prepare RM
		System.out.println("prepare RM msg");

		// trigger cupd
		CompletableFuture<String> cupdResult = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier<String>() {

			@Override
			public String get() {
				// TODO Auto-generated method stub
				try {
					System.out.println("sleep b4");
					TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
					System.out.println("sleep after");
				} catch (Exception e) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
				return "msg from CUPD";
			}
		}, executor);

		// return cupd
		cupdResult.thenAccept(new Consumer<String>() {

			// callback method
			public void accept(String arg0) {
				System.out.println("return msg to TC=" + arg0);

			}

		});

		// return RM
		System.out.println("return RM msg to customer");

	}

}