线程6：生产者消费者模式

引言 生产者消费者要素

我们将生产者作为一个线程类、消费者作为一个线程类。那么生产方法、消费方法由谁来调用、生产消费的是什么，我们从这几点出发，总结出以下几个要写的类（类比取钱/存钱，和账户类）。

• 实体类，其中写生产方法。消费方法。
• Producer线程类，run方法中调用实体类中的生产方法。
• Consumer线程类，run方法中调用实体类中的消费方法。
• 测试类，新建启动线程等。

一、采用synchronized锁以及wait notify方法实现

①实体类

class Person
{
    private int foodNum = 0;
    private Object synObj = new Object();

    private final int MAX_NUM = 5;

    public void produce() throws InterruptedException
    {
        synchronized (synObj)//①
        {
            while (foodNum == 5)//②
            {
                System.out.println("box is full，size = " + foodNum+",生产阻塞");
                synObj.wait();//③
            }
            foodNum++;//④
            System.out.println("produce success foodNum = " + foodNum);
            synObj.notifyAll();//⑤
        }

    }

    public void consume() throws InterruptedException
    {
        synchronized (synObj)
        {
            while (foodNum == 0)
            {
                System.out.println("box is empty,size = " + foodNum+",消费阻塞");
                synObj.wait();
            }
            foodNum--;
            System.out.println("consume success foodNum = " + foodNum);
            synObj.notifyAll();
        }

    }
}

②Producer线程类

class Producer implements Runnable
{
    private Person person;
    private String producerName;

    public Producer(String producerName, Person person)
    {
        this.producerName = producerName;
        this.person = person;
    }

    @Override
    public void run()
    {
        while (true)
        {
            try
            {
                person.produce();
            } catch (InterruptedException e)
            {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

}

③Consumer线程类

class Consumer implements Runnable
{

    private Person person;
    private String consumerName;

    public Consumer(String consumerName, Person person)
    {
        this.consumerName = consumerName;
        this.person = person;
    }

    @Override
    public void run()
    {
        try
        {
            person.consume();
        } catch (InterruptedException e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

}

④测试类

public class Main1
{
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
    {
        Person person = new Person();
        new Thread(new Consumer("消费者一", person)).start();
        new Thread(new Consumer("消费者二", person)).start();
        new Thread(new Consumer("消费者三", person)).start();

        new Thread(new Producer("生产者一", person)).start();
        new Thread(new Producer("生产者一", person)).start();
        new Thread(new Producer("生产者一", person)).start();

    }
}

运行结果

box is empty,size = 0,消费阻塞
box is empty,size = 0,消费阻塞
box is empty,size = 0,消费阻塞
produce success foodNum = 1
consume success foodNum = 0
produce success foodNum = 1
produce success foodNum = 2
produce success foodNum = 3
produce success foodNum = 4
produce success foodNum = 5
box is full，size = 5,生产阻塞
consume success foodNum = 4
consume success foodNum = 3
produce success foodNum = 4
produce success foodNum = 5
box is full，size = 5,生产阻塞
box is full，size = 5,生产阻塞
box is full，size = 5,生产阻塞

二、采用Lock锁以及await signal方法实现

仅仅修改实体类中的普通生产、消费方法。其他方法不变。

实体类

class Person
{
    private int foodNum = 0;

    private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();//A1:Lock实例

    private Condition condition = lock.newCondition();//A2：Condition实例

    private final int MAX_NUM = 5;

    public void produce()
    {
        lock.lock(); //B:加锁--try主体--finally释放锁流程
        try
        {
            while (foodNum == MAX_NUM) //同上例
            {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+
                        "box is full，size = " + foodNum+
                        ",生产阻塞");
                condition.await();
            }
            foodNum++;
            System.out.println("produce success foodNum = " + foodNum);
            condition.signalAll();
        }
        catch(InterruptedException e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally
        {
            lock.unlock();
        }

    }

    public void consume()
    {
        lock.lock();
        try
        {
            while (foodNum == 0)
            {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+
                        "box is empty,size = " + foodNum+
                        ",消费阻塞");
                condition.await();
            }
            foodNum--;
            System.out.println("consume success foodNum = " + foodNum);
            condition.signalAll();
        }
        catch(InterruptedException e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally
        {
            lock.unlock();
        }

    }
}

消费者一box is empty,size = 0,消费阻塞
消费者二box is empty,size = 0,消费阻塞
produce success foodNum = 1
consume success foodNum = 0
消费者一box is empty,size = 0,消费阻塞
消费者二box is empty,size = 0,消费阻塞
produce success foodNum = 1
produce success foodNum = 2
consume success foodNum = 1
consume success foodNum = 0

三、采用BlockQueue实现

BlockingQueue也是java.util.concurrent下的主要用来控制线程同步的工具。

BlockingQueue有四个具体的实现类,根据不同需求,选择不同的实现类

1. ArrayBlockingQueue：一个由数组支持的有界阻塞队列，规定大小的BlockingQueue,其构造函数必须带一个int参数来指明其大小.其所含的对象是以FIFO(先入先出)顺序排序的。

2. LinkedBlockingQueue：大小不定的BlockingQueue,若其构造函数带一个规定大小的参数,生成的BlockingQueue有大小限制,若不带大小参数,所生成的BlockingQueue的大小由Integer.MAX_VALUE来决定.其所含的对象是以FIFO(先入先出)顺序排序的。

3. PriorityBlockingQueue：类似于LinkedBlockQueue,但其所含对象的排序不是FIFO,而是依据对象的自然排序顺序或者是构造函数的Comparator决定的顺序。

4. SynchronousQueue：特殊的BlockingQueue,对其的操作必须是放和取交替完成的。

   LinkedBlockingQueue 可以指定容量，也可以不指定，不指定的话，默认最大是Integer.MAX_VALUE,其中主要用到put和take方法，put方法在队列满的时候会阻塞直到有队列成员被消费，take方法在队列空的时候会阻塞，直到有队列成员被放进来。

编写生产者、消费者、测试类：

import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;  

public class Producer implements Runnable {  
    BlockingQueue<String> queue;  

    public Producer(BlockingQueue<String> queue) {  
        this.queue = queue;  
    }  

    @Override  
    public void run() {  
        try {  
            String temp = "A Product, 生产线程："  
                    + Thread.currentThread().getName();  
            System.out.println("I have made a product:"  
                    + Thread.currentThread().getName());  
            queue.put(temp);//如果队列是满的话，会阻塞当前线程  
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
    }  

} 

import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;  

public class Consumer implements Runnable{  
    BlockingQueue<String> queue;  

    public Consumer(BlockingQueue<String> queue){  
        this.queue = queue;  
    }  

    @Override  
    public void run() {  
        try {  
            String temp = queue.take();//如果队列为空，会阻塞当前线程  
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+",正在消费："+temp);  
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
    }  
}  

import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;  
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;  
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;  

public class Test3 {  

    public static void main(String[] args) {  
      BlockingQueue<String> queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<String>(2);  
     // BlockingQueue<String> queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<String>();  
     //不设置的话，LinkedBlockingQueue默认大小为Integer.MAX_VALUE  

    // BlockingQueue<String> queue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<String>(2);  

        Consumer consumer = new Consumer(queue);  
        Producer producer = new Producer(queue);  
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {  
            new Thread(producer, "Producer" + (i + 1)).start();  

            new Thread(consumer, "Consumer" + (i + 1)).start();  
        }  
    }  
}  

结果：

I have made a product:Producer1
I have made a product:Producer3
I have made a product:Producer2
Consumer1,正在消费：A Product, 生产线程：Producer1
I have made a product:Producer4
Consumer3,正在消费：A Product, 生产线程：Producer3
Consumer2,正在消费：A Product, 生产线程：Producer4
I have made a product:Producer5
Consumer5,正在消费：A Product, 生产线程：Producer2
Consumer4,正在消费：A Product, 生产线程：Producer5

总结：生产者消费者三种方式的核心代码模型

synchronized方式下模型

public void produce() / consume()
    {
        synchronized (synObj)//-----①同步对象
        {
            while (conditionfalse)//----②while条件
            {
                //show info or not
                //③----wait阻塞，条件false不让执行
                synObj.wait();
            }
            //条件符合开始执行
            workSomething;
            changeCondition;//④----执行完改变条件
            System.out.println("produce success foodNum = " + foodNum);
            synObj.notifyAll();//⑤----执行完毕通知其他的
        }

    }

Lock锁方式下模型

private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
private condition =lock.newCondition();

execute() / produce() / consume() {
    lock.lock();
    try{
        while(conditionFalse){
            condition.await();
        }
        //doSomething and change whileCondition;
        condition.signalAll();
    }catch(InterruptedException e){

    }finally{
        lock.unlock();
    }
}

BlockingQueue方式下模型

//全局queue
BlockingQueue<T> bq=new ArrayBlockQueue<T>(n);
...

//生产者线程类中
@override
public void run(){
    bq.put(e);//如果队列是满的话，会阻塞当前线程  
}

//消费者线程类中
@override
public void run(){
    bq.take();//如果队列是空的话，会阻塞当前线程  
}