简单的使用ORMLite数据库

最新推荐文章于 2021-11-07 22:13:17 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2021-11-07 22:13:17 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/antimage08/article/details/49780047

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本文介绍了在Android应用开发中如何使用ORMLite数据库，它提供了一种面向对象的方式来操作数据库，简化了SQLite等传统方式的复杂性。首先需要下载ORMLite的jar包并引入项目，然后通过注解如`@DatabaseTable`和`@DatabaseField`进行数据表和字段的定义。示例展示了创建班级和学生数据，以及如何从数据库中遍历并打印班级学生信息。

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在Android应用开发中使用ORMLite，ORMLite 数据库是面向对象的数据库。它比 SQLite 等数据库更加方便，可以直接使用方法等来操作。比其他很多的数据库操作都要简单。

首先要下载ORMLite的开发jar包，jar资源包下载主页：http://ormlite.com/releases 。此处使用的是如上图所示的两个 jar 包（（1）core列表下的jar包；（2）android列表下的jar包。）。下载好后将其放入 libs 目录下。

其中的 @DatabaseTable(tableName = "xxxx") ，@DatabaseField(columnName = xxxx) 等写法都固定。

下面是其简单的使用：

创建 2 个班级，每个班级有几名学生，存入数据库。再遍历其中一个班级的学生（以打印的方式显示出来），效果如下：

班级类： AClass.java :

package com.android.ormlite;

import com.j256.ormlite.dao.ForeignCollection;
import com.j256.ormlite.field.DatabaseField;
import com.j256.ormlite.field.ForeignCollectionField;
import com.j256.ormlite.table.DatabaseTable;

@DatabaseTable(tableName = "classes") 
public class AClass {
	
	@DatabaseField(canBeNull = false,id = true)  
    public int Aclass_id;  
  
    @DatabaseField(canBeNull = false, defaultValue = "a class")  
    public String name;  
  
    @ForeignCollectionField(eager = false)  
    public ForeignCollection<User> users = null;
	
	public AClass(){}
}

User 类，该类中的 set , get 方法主要是为初始化字段为 private 准备的，但是在这示例中可以省略（本例不为私有，但是如果省略则有代码的改动）

User.java :

package com.android.ormlite;

import com.j256.ormlite.field.DatabaseField;
import com.j256.ormlite.table.DatabaseTable;

@DatabaseTable(tableName = "users")
public class User {

	public final static String USER_ID = "user_id";
	public final static String NAME = "name";
	public final static String AGE = "age";
	public final static String GENDER = "gender";

	public User() {

	}

	public User(String name, int age, String gender) {
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
		this.gender = gender;
	}

	// @DatabaseField(generatedId = true)
	// public int id;

	@DatabaseField(id = true, columnName = USER_ID)
	public int user_id;

	@DatabaseField(columnName = NAME)
	public String name;

	@DatabaseField(columnName = AGE)
	public int age;
	
	@DatabaseField(columnName = GENDER)
	public String gender;
	
	@DatabaseField(canBeNull = false, foreign = true, foreignAutoRefresh = true)  
    public AClass aclass; 

	public int getUserId() {
		return user_id;
	}

	public void setUserId(int uid) {
		this.user_id = uid;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}

	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	
	public String getGender(){
		return gender;
	}
	
	public void setGender(String gender){
		this.gender = gender;
	}
	
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "user_id:" + user_id + " 姓名:" + name +
				" 年龄:" + age + " 性别:" + gender;
	}
}

ORMLiteDatabaseHelper 类的写法基本固定，通过 AClass 和 User 两个类也可以看出

ORMLiteDatabaseHelper.java ：

package com.android.ormlite;

import java.sql.SQLException;

import com.j256.ormlite.android.apptools.OrmLiteSqliteOpenHelper;
import com.j256.ormlite.dao.Dao;
import com.j256.ormlite.support.ConnectionSource;
import com.j256.ormlite.table.TableUtils;

import android.content.Context;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory;

public class ORMLiteDatabaseHelper extends OrmLiteSqliteOpenHelper {
	
	public static ORMLiteDatabaseHelper mDatabaseHelper;
	
	private Dao<User, Integer> mUserDao = null;  
	private Dao<AClass, Integer> mClassDao = null; 
	  
    private final static String DataBase_NAME = "ormlite.db";  
    private final static int DataBase_VERSION = 1;
	
	public ORMLiteDatabaseHelper(Context context, String databaseName, CursorFactory factory, int databaseVersion) {
		super(context, databaseName, factory, databaseVersion);
	}
	
	public static ORMLiteDatabaseHelper getInstance(Context context) {  
        if (mDatabaseHelper == null) {  
            mDatabaseHelper = new ORMLiteDatabaseHelper(context, DataBase_NAME,  
                    null, DataBase_VERSION);  
        }  
  
        return mDatabaseHelper;  
    } 
	
	@Override
	public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase arg0, ConnectionSource arg1) {
		try {
			
			TableUtils.createTableIfNotExists(connectionSource, AClass.class);
			TableUtils.createTableIfNotExists(connectionSource, User.class);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	@Override
	public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase arg0, ConnectionSource arg1, int arg2, int arg3) {

	}
	
	/**
	 * ORMLite查插删改主要通过DAO。
	 * @return
	 */
	public Dao<User, Integer> getUserDao() {
		if (mUserDao == null) {
			try {
				mUserDao = getDao(User.class);
			} catch (java.sql.SQLException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}

		return mUserDao;
	}

	public Dao<AClass, Integer> getAClassDao(){
		if (mClassDao == null) {
			try {
				mClassDao = getDao(AClass.class);
			} catch (SQLException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		
		return mClassDao;
	}
	
	@Override
	public void close() {
		super.close();
		mUserDao = null;
		mClassDao = null;
	}
	
}

MainActivity.java :

package com.android.ormlite;

import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import com.j256.ormlite.dao.Dao;
import com.j256.ormlite.dao.ForeignCollection;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

	private Dao<User, Integer> mUserDao;
	private Dao<AClass, Integer> mClassDao;

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

		ORMLiteDatabaseHelper mDatabaseHelper = ORMLiteDatabaseHelper.getInstance(this);
		mUserDao = mDatabaseHelper.getUserDao();
		mClassDao = mDatabaseHelper.getAClassDao();

		/**
		 * 创建2个班级
		 */
		for (int i = 1; i < 3; i++) {

			AClass classA = new AClass();
			classA.Aclass_id = i;
			classA.name = i + "班";

			try {

				mClassDao.create(classA);

			} catch (SQLException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}

		/**
		 * 创建5个user
		 */
		for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
			User user = new User();
			user.setUserId(i);
			user.setName("name" + i);
			// 生成随机测试的年龄。
			user.setAge((int) (Math.random() * 22));
			user.setGender("男" + i);

			try {
				// 将新创建的这些 user 所在班级指针指向1班。
				user.aclass = mClassDao.queryForId(1);
				mUserDao.createOrUpdate(user);
			} catch (SQLException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}

	}

	@Override
	protected void onStart() {
		super.onStart();

		AClass class1 = null;
		try {
			// 只查询一个班级的 user
			class1 = mClassDao.queryForId(1);

			ForeignCollection<User> users = class1.users;
			for (User u : users) {
				Log.d("==============", u + "");
				// Toast.makeText(this, u.toString(),
				// Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
			}

		} catch (SQLException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

}