Servlet

Servlet

Maven添加依赖项

<dependency>
  <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
  <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
  <version>4.0.1</version>
  <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

实现Servlet方法

package anti.o2;

import javax.servlet.*;
import java.io.IOException;

public class Demo implements Servlet {
    /**
     * @param servletConfig
     * @throws ServletException
     */
    public void init(ServletConfig servletConfig) throws ServletException {
        
    }

    /**
     * @return
     */
    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * @param servletRequest
     * @param servletResponse
     * @throws ServletException
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

    /**
     * @return
     */
    public String getServletInfo() {
        return null;
    }

    /**
     *
     */
    public void destroy() {

    }
}

• 实现Servlet接口
• 
• 然后在注解中配置访问路径
• service方法每次请求被调用

HttpServelet

• 继承HttpServlet类，实现doGet和doPost方法的封装

• 继承后需要重写doXxx类

• <form action="/WebApp/Demo2" method="post">
      <input name="username">
      <input type="submit" >
  </form>
  
  
  实现将表单提交到Demo2的doPost类处理
  

Servlet urlPattern

• 一个Servlet可以配置多个urlPattern

  • 例如

  • @WebServlet(urlPatterns = {"/Demo2","/Demo3"})
    

• 配置规则

  • 精确匹配
    • 配置路径和访问路径要求完全一致
  • 目录匹配
    • 例如@WebServlet(urlPatterns ="/demo/*")
    • 优先匹配精确匹配
  • 扩展名匹配
    • 例如@WebServlet(urlPatterns ="*.do")
    • 不能在前面加斜杠
  • 任意匹配
    • @WebServlet(urlPatterns ="/")
    • @WebServlet(urlPatterns ="/*")
    • 这样任意路径都可以访问
    • 会覆盖掉原来的静态资源访问

• XML配置Servlet

  • 在Web.xml中配置Servlet

  • 这种方法较老，不推荐

  • <servlet>
      <servlet-name>examppppple</servlet-name>
      <servlet-class>anti.o2.Demo3</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>examppppple</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>/demo3</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    

Request和Response对象

Request

• ServletRequest

• HttpServletRequest继承

• RequestFacade :Tomcat定义的实现类，生成Request对象

• Request获取请求数据

  • 请求数据分为3部分

  • String getMethod()获取请求方式：GET

  • String getContextPath() 获取项目路径

  • StringBuffer getRequestURL() 获取URL

  • String getRequestURI() 获取URI （后面的路径）

  • String getQueryString();

  • 运行以下代码

  • protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("get...");
        String method = req.getMethod();
        System.out.println(method);
    
        String contextpath = req.getContextPath();
        System.out.println(contextpath);
        String URL = String.valueOf(req.getRequestURL());
        System.out.println(URL);
        String URI = req.getRequestURI();
        System.out.println(URI );
    }
    

  • 获得结果

请求头

• String getHeader(String name)
• 获取值

请求体

• ServletInputStream getInputStream();GET获取字节输入流

• BufferedReader getReader()POST获取字符输入流

• 通过流获取请求体信息

• BufferedReader br = req.getReader();
  System.out.println(br.readLine());
  

请求方法

• Map<String,String[]> getParameterMap()获取所有参数集合
• 这个是get和post通用的，底层通过getReader和getInputStream对请求体解析实现

Response

• 相应数据分为3部分

响应行

• HTTP/1.1 200 OK
• void setStstus(int sc)设置相应状态码

响应头

• 例如Context-Type:text/html

• 设置返回为html代码如下

• resp.setHeader("context-type","text/html");
  

• void setHeader(String name, String value)

• resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
  
  设置编码方式，防止中文乱码
  

响应体

• PrintWriter getWriter()获取字符输出流
• ServletOutputStream getOutputStream()获取字节输出流

读取文件

FileInputStream fis =new FileInputStream("location");

    ServletOutputStream outputStream = resp.getOutputStream();

        byte[] buff = new byte[1024];
        int len = 0;
        while((len = fis.read(buff))!=-1){
            outputStream.write(buff,0,len);
        }
        fis.close();

• 也可以使用封装方法

  • 首先导入IOUtils工具类

  • <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
      <version>2.6</version>
    </dependency>
    

  • 然后使用copy方法直接复制

  • FileInputStream fis =new FileInputStream("C:\\Users\\Anti\\Pictures\\R6.png");
    
    ServletOutputStream outputStream = resp.getOutputStream();
    
    IOUtils.copy(fis,outputStream);
    fis.close();
    

重定向

resp.setStatus(302);
resp.setHeader("location","B的路径")

或者使用封装方法

resp.sendRedirect("location");

• 重定向会使浏览器url发生变化

• 可以重定向到任意资源

• 两次请求，不能在多个资源中使用request共享数据

• 可以通过.getContextPath获取路径

•  String context = req.getContextPath();
  resp.sendRedirect(context+ "/resp2");
  

乱码问题处理

• Post: getReader()

  • request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8")解决字符乱码

• get:String getQueryString()获取参数

  • 浏览器用UTF-8给URL编码。

    • URL将编码方式转化为二进制。一个汉字->三字节->24位
    • 每个字节转化为2个16进制数并在前面加上%

  • TomCat用ISO-8859-1解码，故产生乱码

  • public class Test {
        public static void main(String[] args) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
                String user = "氧";
                String encode = URLEncoder.encode(user,"utf-8");
                System.out.println(encode);
                System.out.println(URLDecoder.decode(encode,"utf-8"));
        }
    }
    

• 输出

%E6%B0%A7
氧

• get乱码解决思路：

  • 将乱码解码为字节数组

  • String username =req.getParameter("username");
    System.out.println("处理前"+username);
    byte[] bytes = username.getBytes(StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1);
    String user =  new String(bytes,"utf-8");
    System.out.println("处理后"+user);
    

  • 

资源转发

• 将请求和相应给另一个类处理
• 例如定义两个类
• req.getRequestDispatcher("/F2").forward(req,resp);实现转发。Dispatcher是调度员的意思
• 这是F1
• [外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-tV6xC6Zp-1664949121008)(C:\Users\Anti\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20221004230937830.png)]这是F2
• Get请求F1的效果
• 但是上方的URL并没有改变
• 使用Request对象方法
  • setAttribute(String,Object)存储数据到request域中
  • Object getAttribute(String name)跟据key获得值
  • void removeAttribute(String name)删除值

Servlet+MyBatis实现密码登陆

添加依赖项

• 先添加Maven。注意检查Mysql版本！！！

<dependencies>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>junit</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    <version>3.8.1</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
    <version>4.0.1</version>
    <scope>provided</scope>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
    <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
    <version>2.6</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
    <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
    <version>3.5.5</version>
  </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      <version>8.0.30</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

• 添加mybatis-config

• <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
  <!DOCTYPE configuration
          PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
          "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
  <configuration>
      <!--起别名-->
      <typeAliases>
          <package name="anti.o2.pojo"/>
      </typeAliases>
  
      <environments default="development">
          <environment id="development">
              <transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
              <dataSource type="POOLED">
                  <property name="driver" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
                  <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/db1"/>
                  <property name="username" value="root"/>
                  <property name="password" value="123456"/>
              </dataSource>
          </environment>
      </environments>
      <mappers>
          <!--扫描mapper-->
          <package name="anti.o2.mapper"/>
      </mappers>
  </configuration>
  

• 放在resources里面

创建映射

• 创建mapper包

• mapper下创建UserMapper接口

• resources下创建UserMapper.xml配置文件

• 

• <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
  <!DOCTYPE mapper
          PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
          "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
  <mapper namespace="anti.o2.mapper.UserMapper">
  
  </mapper>
  

HTML文件

<div id="loginDiv">
    <form action="/WebApp/login" id="form">
        <h1 id="loginMsg">LOGIN IN</h1>
        <p>Username:<input id="username" name="username" type="text"></p>

        <p>Password:<input id="password" name="password" type="password"></p>

        <div id="subDiv">
            <input type="submit" class="button" value="login up">
            <input type="reset" class="button" value="reset">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            <a href="register.html">没有账号？点击注册</a>
        </div>
    </form>
</div>

注册实现

• 通过检查用户名判断是否重复

• 添加用户

• <insert id="insertUser">
      insert into tb_user(username,password)
      values(#{username},#{password})
  </insert>
  <select id="select" resultType="anti.o2.pojo.User">
      select * from tb_user
      where
      username = #{user}
      and
      password = #{pass}
  </select>
  <select id="selectByUserName" resultType="anti.o2.pojo.User">
      select * from tb_user
      where
      username = #{username}
  </select>
  

• User selectByUserName(@Param("username")String username);
  
  void insertUser(@Param("username")String username,@Param("password")String password);
  

• @WebServlet("/registerServlet")
  public class Register extends HttpServlet {
      @Override
      protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
          String username = req.getParameter("username");
          String password = req.getParameter("password");
  
          User user = new User();
          user.setUsername(username);
          user.setPassword(password);
  
          //调用方法
          String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
          InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
          SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
  
          SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
          UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
  
          User user1 = mapper.selectByUserName(username);
          if(user1!=null)
          {
              resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
              resp.getWriter().write("用户已存在 Existed");
          }
          else
          {
              mapper.insertUser(user);
              sqlSession.commit();
              resp.getWriter().write("用户注册成功 Success");
          }
          sqlSession.close();
      }
  
      @Override
      protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
          this.doGet(req,resp);
      }
  }
  

代码优化

• SqlSessionFactory不应该被创建多次，否则创建了多个连接池

• 创建工具类，获得一个固定的SqlSessionFactory

• public class SqlSession {
  
      private static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
      static {
          //静态代码块随着类的加载自动执行，且只会执行一次
          String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
          InputStream inputStream = null;
          try {
              inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
          } catch (IOException e) {
              throw new RuntimeException(e);
          }
          sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
      }
      public static SqlSessionFactory getSqlSessionFactory(){
          return sqlSessionFactory;
      }
  }
  

• 然后在代码中修改这样就能使用固定的连接池了

• sqlsession不能够被重复使用，否则会相互影响