nondeterministic finite state automaton (NFA)
regular expression(RE)
public class NFA {
private Digraph graph; // digraph of epsilon transitions
private String regexp; // regular expression
private final int m; // number of characters in regular expression
/**
* Initializes the NFA from the specified regular expression.
*
* @param regexp the regular expression
*/
public NFA(String regexp) {
this.regexp = regexp;
m = regexp.length();
Stack<Integer> ops = new Stack<Integer>();
graph = new Digraph(m+1);
for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
int lp = i;
if (regexp.charAt(i) == '(' || regexp.charAt(i) == '|')
ops.push(i);
else if (regexp.charAt(i) == ')') {
int or = ops.pop();
// 2-way or operator
if (regexp.charAt(or) == '|') {
lp = ops.pop();
graph.addEdge(lp, or+1);
graph.addEdge(or, i);
}
else if (regexp.charAt(or) == '(')
lp = or;
else assert false;
}
// closure operator (uses 1-character lookahead)
if (i < m-1 && regexp.charAt(i+1) == '*') {
graph.addEdge(lp, i+1);
graph.addEdge(i+1, lp);
}
if (regexp.charAt(i) == '(' || regexp.charAt(i) == '*' || regexp.charAt(i) == ')')
graph.addEdge(i, i+1);
}
if (ops.size() != 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid regular expression");
}
/**
* Returns true if the text is matched by the regular expression.
*
* @param txt the text
* @return {@code true} if the text is matched by the regular expression,
* {@code false} otherwise
*/
public boolean recognizes(String txt) {
DirectedDFS dfs = new DirectedDFS(graph, 0);
Bag<Integer> pc = new Bag<Integer>();
for (int v = 0; v < graph.V(); v++)
if (dfs.marked(v)) pc.add(v);
// Compute possible NFA states for txt[i+1]
for (int i = 0; i < txt.length(); i++) {
if (txt.charAt(i) == '*' || txt.charAt(i) == '|' || txt.charAt(i) == '(' || txt.charAt(i) == ')')
throw new IllegalArgumentException("text contains the metacharacter '" + txt.charAt(i) + "'");
Bag<Integer> match = new Bag<Integer>();
for (int v : pc) {
if (v == m) continue;
if ((regexp.charAt(v) == txt.charAt(i)) || regexp.charAt(v) == '.')
match.add(v+1);
}
dfs = new DirectedDFS(graph, match);
pc = new Bag<Integer>();
for (int v = 0; v < graph.V(); v++)
if (dfs.marked(v)) pc.add(v);
// optimization if no states reachable
if (pc.size() == 0) return false;
}
// check for accept state
for (int v : pc)
if (v == m) return true;
return false;
}
/**
* Unit tests the {@code NFA} data type.
*
* @param args the command-line arguments
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
String regexp = "(" + args[0] + ")";
String txt = args[1];
NFA nfa = new NFA(regexp);
StdOut.println(nfa.recognizes(txt));
}
}
参考:
算法 第四版