广播

类型：
标准广播：完全异步执行的广播，广播发出后所有的广播接收器会同时接受到这条广播信息，效率高，无法被截断。
有序广播：同步执行的广播，广播发出后同一时刻只有一个广播接收器能够收到这条广播，当这个广播接收器中的逻辑执行完毕后才会继续传递。

1.动态注册

新建一个类继承自BroadcastReceiver，在类中的onReceive()方法中处理逻辑。

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private IntentFilter intentFilter;
    private NetworkChangeReceiver networkChangeReceiver;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        intentFilter = new IntentFilter();//意图过滤器
        intentFilter.addAction("android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE");
        networkChangeReceiver = new NetworkChangeReceiver();
        registerReceiver(networkChangeReceiver,intentFilter);//注册广播
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        unregisterReceiver(networkChangeReceiver);//用完取消注册
    }

    class NetworkChangeReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{

        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            //ConnectivityManager是一个系统服务类，专门用于管理网络连接
            ConnectivityManager connectivityManager = (ConnectivityManager)
                    getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
            NetworkInfo networkInfo = connectivityManager.getActiveNetworkInfo();
            //判断是否有网络
            if(networkInfo != null && networkInfo.isAvailable()){
                Toast.makeText(context,"network is avaliable",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }else{
                Toast.makeText(context,"network is unavaliable",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }

            Toast.makeText(context,"network changes",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }}

2.静态注册

新建一个Broadcast Receiver，Exported表示是否允许这个广播接收器接收本程序以外的程序，Enabled属性表示是否启用该广播（这两个属性也可以在AndroidManifest.xml文件中手动添加）。同样在onReceive()方法中编写逻辑。

public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Toast.makeText(context,"逻辑处理",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}

3.自定义广播

新建一个Broadcast Receiver，在AndroidManifest.xml中添加广播类型。

<intent-fliter>
    <action android:name="com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST"/>
</intent_fliter>

MainActivity中发送广播

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Button button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button);
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener(){

            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST");
                sendBroadcast(intent);//发送标准广播
                //sendOrderedBroadcast(intent);有序广播
            }
        });
    }

}

其中有序广播需要在设置优先级，

<intent-fliter android:priority="100">
    <action android:name="com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST"/>
</intent_fliter>

并且可以在别的广播的onReceive()方法中通过abortBroadcast(); 来截断广播。

4.本地广播

发出的广播只能在程序内部传递，接收器只能接受来自这个应用发出的广播。
优点：
不用担心数据泄露；
没有安全漏洞；
本地广播比系统全局广播更加高效；

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private IntentFilter intentFilter;
    private LocalReceiver localReceiver;
    private LocalBroadcastManager localBroadcastManager;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        localBroadcastManager = LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this);//获取实例
        Button button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button);
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.test_code.LOCAL_BROADCAST");
                localBroadcastManager.sendBroadcast(intent);//发送本地广播
            }
        });
        intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
        intentFilter.addAction("com.example.test_code.LOCAL_BROADCAST");
        localReceiver = new LocalReceiver();
        localBroadcastManager.registerReceiver(localReceiver,intentFilter);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        localBroadcastManager.unregisterReceiver(localReceiver);//用完取消注册
    }

    class LocalReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{

        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            Toast.makeText(context,"local broadcast",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }
}