典型低通滤波器
巴特沃斯模拟低通滤波器
幅频平方特性:
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N
|H_B(e^{jw})^2|=\frac{1}{1+(\frac{w}{w_c})^{2N}}
∣HB(ejw)2∣=1+(wcw)2N1
N:滤波器阶数
w
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w_c
wc:通带截止频率
幅频特性的特点:
- 直流增益为1,低频处具有平坦的特性
- 通带和阻带频率响应具有单调下降的特性
- w = w c w=w_c w=wc时, ∣ H B ( e j w ) 2 ∣ = 0.5 , ∣ H B ( e j w ) ∣ = 0.707 |H_B(e^{jw})^2|=0.5,|H_B(e^{jw})|=0.707 ∣HB(ejw)2∣=0.5,∣HB(ejw)∣=0.707,波纹 δ c = 3 d B \delta_c=3dB δc=3dB,并且与滤波器的阶数无关;
设计一个模拟低通巴特沃斯滤波器,通带频率 w p = 0.4 π wp=0.4\pi wp=0.4π ,阻带频率 w s = 0.6 π ws=0.6\pi ws=0.6π ,波纹 R p = 1 Rp=1 Rp=1 ,阻带衰减 R s = 20 Rs=20 Rs=20
clear ;close all;
wp = 0.4 * pi; % 通带频率
ws = 0.6 * pi; % 阻带频率
Rp = 1; % 波纹(DB)
Rs = 20; % 衰减(DB)
[N, Wn] = buttord(wp, ws, Rp, Rs, 's'); % 求巴特沃斯滤波器阶数
[bb,ab] = butter(N, Wn, 's'); % 求巴特沃斯滤波器系数
W = 0:0.01:2; % 设置模拟频率
[Hb, wb] = freqs(bb, ab, W); % 求巴特沃斯滤波器频率响应
plot(wb/pi, 20*log10(abs(Hb)), 'b'); % 作图
grid on
仿真结果如下:
切比雪夫Ⅰ型模拟低通滤波器
幅频平方特性:
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|H_{C1}(e^{jw})^2|=\frac{1}{1+\varepsilon^2T^2_N(w/w_c)}
∣HC1(ejw)2∣=1+ε2TN2(w/wc)1
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\varepsilon
ε:波纹系数
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T_N(x)
TN(x):N阶切比雪夫多项式
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T_N(x)
TN(x)主要性质:
- 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 0\le x\le 1 0≤x≤1时, T N ( x ) T_N(x) TN(x)在-1~1之间振荡
- 当1<x< ∞ \infty ∞时, T N ( x ) T_N(x) TN(x)将单调增至 ∞ \infty ∞
幅频特性的特点:
- N为奇数时, ∣ H C 1 ( e j w ) 2 ∣ ∣ w = 0 = 1 |H_{C1}(e^{jw})^2||_{w=0}=1 ∣HC1(ejw)2∣∣w=0=1;N为偶数时, ∣ H C 1 ( e j w ) 2 ∣ ∣ w = 0 = 1 − δ 1 |H_{C1}(e^{jw})^2||_{w=0}=1-\delta_1 ∣HC1(ejw)2∣∣w=0=1−δ1;
- w / w c = 1 w/w_c=1 w/wc=1处, ∣ H C 1 ( e j w ) 2 ∣ = 1 − δ 1 |H_{C1}(e^{jw})^2|=1-\delta_1 ∣HC1(ejw)2∣=1−δ1
- 过渡带和阻带单调下降
设计一个模拟低通切比雪夫Ⅰ型滤波器,通带频率 w p = 0.4 π wp=0.4\pi wp=0.4π ,阻带频率 w s = 0.6 π ws=0.6\pi ws=0.6π ,波纹 R p = 1 Rp=1 Rp=1 ,阻带衰减 R s = 20 Rs=20 Rs=20
clear ;close all;
wp = 0.4 * pi; % 通带频率
ws = 0.6 * pi; % 阻带频率
Rp = 1; % 波纹(DB)
Rs = 20; % 衰减(DB)
[N, Wn] = cheb1ord (wp, ws, Rp, Rs, 's'); % 求切比雪夫Ⅰ型滤波器阶数
[bb,ab] = cheby1(N, Rp, Wn, 's'); % 求切比雪夫Ⅰ型滤波器系数
W = 0:0.01:2; % 设置模拟频率
[Hb, wb] = freqs(bb, ab, W); % 求切比雪夫Ⅰ型滤波器频率响应
plot(wb/pi, 20*log10(abs(Hb)), 'b'); % 作图
grid on
切比雪夫Ⅱ型模拟低通滤波器
幅频平方特性:
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|H_{C1}(e^{jw})^2|=\frac{1}{1+[\varepsilon^2T^2_N(w/w_c)]^{-1}}
∣HC1(ejw)2∣=1+[ε2TN2(w/wc)]−11
ε
\varepsilon
ε:波纹系数
T
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T_N(x)
TN(x):N阶切比雪夫多项式
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T_N(x)
TN(x)主要性质:
- 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 0\le x\le 1 0≤x≤1时, T N ( x ) T_N(x) TN(x)在-1~1之间振荡
- 当1<x< ∞ \infty ∞时, T N ( x ) T_N(x) TN(x)将单调增至 ∞ \infty ∞
幅频特性的特点:
- w / w c = 1 w/w_c=1 w/wc=1处, ∣ H C 1 ( e j w ) 2 ∣ = 1 − δ 1 |H_{C1}(e^{jw})^2|=1-\delta_1 ∣HC1(ejw)2∣=1−δ1
- 过渡带和通带单调下降
设计一个模拟低通切比雪夫Ⅱ型滤波器,通带频率 w p = 0.2 π wp=0.2\pi wp=0.2π ,阻带频率 w s = 0.3 π ws=0.3\pi ws=0.3π ,波纹 R p = 1 Rp=1 Rp=1 ,阻带衰减 R s = 20 Rs=20 Rs=20
clear ;close all;
wp = 0.2 * pi; % 通带频率
ws = 0.3 * pi; % 阻带频率
Rp = 1; % 波纹(DB)
Rs = 20; % 衰减(DB)s
[N, Wn] = cheb2ord (wp, ws, Rp, Rs, 's'); % 求切比雪夫Ⅱ型滤波器阶数
[bb,ab] = cheby2(N, Rs, Wn, 's'); % 求切比雪夫Ⅱ型滤波器系数
W = 0:0.01:2; % 设置模拟频率
[Hb, wb] = freqs(bb, ab, W); % 求切比雪夫Ⅱ型滤波器频率响应
plot(wb/pi, 20*log10(abs(Hb)), 'r'); % 作图
grid on
仿真结果:
椭圆型模拟低通滤波器
幅频平方特性:
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|H_{E}(e^{jw})^2|=\frac{1}{1+\varepsilon^2U^2_N(w/w_c)}
∣HE(ejw)2∣=1+ε2UN2(w/wc)1
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ε:波纹系数
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UN(x):雅可比椭圆函数
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TN(x)主要性质:
- 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 0\le x\le 1 0≤x≤1时, T N ( x ) T_N(x) TN(x)在-1~1之间振荡
- 当1<x< ∞ \infty ∞时, T N ( x ) T_N(x) TN(x)将单调增至 ∞ \infty ∞
幅频特性的特点:
- w / w c = 1 w/w_c=1 w/wc=1处, ∣ H C 1 ( e j w ) 2 ∣ = 1 − δ 1 |H_{C1}(e^{jw})^2|=1-\delta_1 ∣HC1(ejw)2∣=1−δ1
- 过渡带和通带单调下降
设计一个模拟低通椭圆形模拟低通滤波器,通带频率 w p = 0.4 π wp=0.4\pi wp=0.4π ,阻带频率 w s = 0.6 π ws=0.6\pi ws=0.6π ,波纹 R p = 1 Rp=1 Rp=1 ,阻带衰减 R s = 20 Rs=20 Rs=20
clear ;close all;
wp = 0.2 * pi; % 通带频率
ws = 0.3 * pi; % 阻带频率
Rp = 1; % 波纹(DB)
Rs = 20; % 衰减(DB)s
[N, Wn] = ellipord(wp, ws, Rp, Rs, 's'); % 求椭圆型滤波器阶数
[bb,ab] = ellip(N, Rp, Rs, Wn, 's'); % 求椭圆型滤波器系数
W = 0:0.01:2; % 设置模拟频率
[Hb, wb] = freqs(bb, ab, W); % 求椭圆型滤波器频率响应
plot(wb/pi, 20*log10(abs(Hb)), 'r'); % 作图
grid on
仿真结果如下:
参考书籍:《Matlab数字信号处理》