一、接收广播消息
1.什么是BroadcastReceiver？
BroadcastReceiver是Android系统四大组件之一，本质上就是一种全局的监听器，用于监听系统全局的广播消息。
2.怎样创建BroadcastReceiver？
1）创建一个类继承自BroadcastReceiver类；
2）在AndroidManifest.xml配置<receiver>节点信息。
3.一旦实现了BroadcastReceiver，接下来就应该制定该BroadcastReceiver能匹配的Intent，此时有两种方式。
1）在AndroidManifest.xml文件中配置，这种方式会一直监听。例如如下代码：
<receiver android:name="com.gnnuit.smsreceiver.SmsReceiver" >
<intent-filter android:priority="1000" >
<action android:name="android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED" />
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
2）使用代码进行指定，调用BroadcastReceiver的Context的registerReceiver(BroadcastReceiver receiver, IntentFilter filter)方法指定，这种方式可以通过unregisterReceiver(BroadcastReceiver receiver)取消监听，也叫临时监听。例如如下代码：
IntentFilter filter=new IntentFilter("android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED"); registerReceiver(new SmsReceiver(), filter);
4.如果BroadcastReceiver的onReceive()方法不能在10秒内执行完成，Android会认为该程序无响应。所以不要在BroadcastReceiver的onReceive()方法里执行一些耗时的操作，否则会发生ANR异常。如果确实需要根据Broadcast来完成一些耗时的操作，则可以考虑通过Intent启动一个Service来完成该操作。不应考虑使用新线程去完成耗时操作，因为Broadcast本身的生命周期很短。
5.Broadcast被分为如下两种：
1）Normal Broadcast（普通广播）：普通广播是完全异步的，可以在同一时刻（逻辑上）被所有接收者接收到，消息传递的效率比较高。但缺点是接收者不能将处理结果传递给下一个接收者，并且无法终止Broadcast Intent的传播。
2）Ordered Broadcast（有序广播）：有序广播的接收者将按预先声明的优先级依次接收Broadcast。优先级别声明在<intent-filter/>元素的android:priority属性中，数越大优先级别越高，取值范围为-1000-1000.有序广播可以调用abortBroadcast()方法终止Broadcast Intent的传播，Broadcast Intent的传播一旦终止，后面的接收者就无法接收到Broadcast。
6.用于发送广播的两个方法：
1）sendBroadcast():发送普通广播。
2）sendOrderedBroadcast():发送有序广播。
7.短信拦截实例
SmsReceiver.java
package com.gnnuit.smsreceiver; import java.util.Date; import android.content.BroadcastReceiver; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.telephony.SmsMessage; public class SmsReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver { // 当接收到短信时被触发 @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { System.out.println("接收到短信！！！"); Object[] pdus = (Object[]) intent.getExtras().get("pdus");// 通过pdus可以获得接收到的所有短信消息 for (Object pdu : pdus) { SmsMessage message = SmsMessage.createFromPdu((byte[]) pdu); String content = message.getMessageBody();// 获得短信内容 String number = message.getOriginatingAddress();// 获得短信号码 Date date = new Date(message.getTimestampMillis());// 获得短信日期 System.out.println(number + "," + content + "," + date); if ("110".equals(number)) { abortBroadcast();// 取消广播，让系统收不到短信 } } } }
AndroidManifest.xml
<receiver android:name="com.gnnuit.smsreceiver.SmsReceiver" >
<intent-filter android:priority="1000" >
<action android:name="android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED" />
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
二、通知
1.吐司通知
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "吐司通知", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
2.状态栏通知
NotificationManager manager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);// 创建通知管理器 Intent intent = new Intent(this, StatebarActivity.class); PendingIntent pendingIntent = createPendingResult(100, intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_ONE_SHOT); //创建通知对象，设置 Notification notification = new Notification.Builder(this) .setContentTitle("下载完成") .setContentText("QQ下载完成") .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.a) .setContentIntent(pendingIntent) .setWhen(System.currentTimeMillis()) .build(); //设置通知点击一次后自动清除 notification.flags = Notification.FLAG_AUTO_CANCEL; //用管理器发送通知 manager.notify(0, notification);
3.普通对话框
OnClickListener listener=new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { String msg=""; switch (which) { case DialogInterface.BUTTON_POSITIVE: msg="确定"; break; case DialogInterface.BUTTON_NEGATIVE: msg="取消"; break; case DialogInterface.BUTTON_NEUTRAL: msg="稍后"; break; default: break; } Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), msg, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }; new AlertDialog.Builder(this) .setTitle("是否下载更新") .setMessage("1.速度更快\r\n2.更多功能\r\n3.修复上个版本的Bug") .setPositiveButton("确定", listener) .setNegativeButton("取消", listener) .setNeutralButton("稍后", listener) .show();
4.单选对话框
final String[] items={"Java",".Net","PHP","网页平面设计","IOS","C++"}; OnClickListener listener=new OnClickListener() { private int selected; @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { switch (which) { case DialogInterface.BUTTON_POSITIVE: Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), items[selected], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; default: selected=which; break; } } }; new AlertDialog.Builder(this) .setTitle("选择要学习的课程") .setSingleChoiceItems(items, -1, listener) .setPositiveButton("确定", listener) .show();
5.多选对话框
final String[] items={"吃饭","睡觉","打豆豆"}; final boolean[] checkedItems={false,false,false}; OnMultiChoiceClickListener choiceListener=new OnMultiChoiceClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which, boolean isChecked) { if(isChecked){ System.out.println(items[which]); } } }; OnClickListener buttonListener=new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { switch (which) { case DialogInterface.BUTTON_POSITIVE: StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer(); for(int i=0;i<checkedItems.length;i++){ if(checkedItems[i]){ sb.append(items[i] + " "); } } Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), sb.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; default: break; } } }; new AlertDialog.Builder(this) .setTitle("请选择您的爱好") .setMultiChoiceItems(items, checkedItems, choiceListener) .setPositiveButton("确定", buttonListener) .show();
6.进度对话框
final ProgressDialog dialog= new ProgressDialog(this); dialog.setProgressStyle(ProgressDialog.STYLE_HORIZONTAL); dialog.setTitle("下载进度"); dialog.setMax(100); dialog.setCancelable(false); new Thread(){ public void run() { for(int i=0;i<100;i++){ dialog.setProgress(i); SystemClock.sleep(300); } dialog.dismiss(); }; }.start(); dialog.show();
7.下拉列表
Spinner spinner=(Spinner) findViewById(R.id.spinner1); ArrayAdapter<String> adapter=new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, android.R.layout.simple_spinner_item); adapter.setDropDownViewResource(android.R.layout.simple_spinner_dropdown_item); adapter.add("Java"); adapter.add(".Net"); adapter.add("PHP"); adapter.add("网页平面设计"); adapter.add("IOS"); spinner.setAdapter(adapter); spinner.setOnItemSelectedListener(new OnItemSelectedListener() { @Override public void onItemSelected(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) { String selection=(String) parent.getItemAtPosition(position); Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), selection, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } @Override public void onNothingSelected(AdapterView<?> parent) { } });
8.自动完成文本框
AutoCompleteTextView actv=(AutoCompleteTextView) findViewById(R.id.at); String[] items={"tom","txt","terry","杨晓霞","杨名","杨真真"}; ArrayAdapter<String> adapter=new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, android.R.layout.simple_dropdown_item_1line, items); actv.setAdapter(adapter);
9.菜单
@Override public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present. getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu); return true; } @Override public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) { switch (item.getItemId()) { case R.id.qq: Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "分享到QQ", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; case R.id.sina: Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "分享到新浪", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; case R.id.tt: Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "分享到腾讯", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; default: break; } return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item); }
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