每日一句: I don't think it's necessary for you to give up

I don't think it's necessary for you to give up. 我认为你不必让步.

You haven't got to return it.  你不必将它还回去.

 You oughtn't to do the part-time job. 你不该做兼职.

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/BruceLeey/archive/2009/06/05/1496856.html

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Through exposure to the news and social media, you are probably aware of the fact that machine learning has become one of the most exciting technologies of our time and age. Large companies, such as Google, Facebook, Apple, Amazon, and IBM, heavily invest in machine learning research and applications for good reasons. While it may seem that machine learning has become the buzzword of our time and age, it is certainly not a fad. This exciting field opens the way to new possibilities and has become indispensable to our daily lives. This is evident in talking to the voice assistant on our smartphones, recommending the right product for our customers, preventing credit card fraud, filtering out spam from our email inboxes, detecting and diagnosing medical diseases, the list goes on and on. If you want to become a machine learning practitioner, a better problem solver, or maybe even consider a career in machine learning research, then this book is for you. However, for a novice, the theoretical concepts behind machine learning can be quite overwhelming. Many practical books have been published in recent years that will help you get started in machine learning by implementing powerful learning algorithms. Getting exposed to practical code examples and working through example applications of machine learning are a great way to dive into this field. Concrete examples help illustrate the broader concepts by putting the learned material directly into action. However, remember that with great power comes great responsibility! In addition to offering a hands-on experience with machine learning using the Python programming languages and Python-based machine learning libraries, this book introduces the mathematical concepts behind machine learning algorithms, which is essential for using machine learning successfully. Thus, this book is different from a purely practical book; it is a book that discusses the necessary details regarding machine learning con
Through exposure to the news and social media, you are probably aware of the fact that machine learning has become one of the most exciting technologies of our time and age. Large companies, such as Google, Facebook, Apple, Amazon, and IBM, heavily invest in machine learning research and applications for good reasons. While it may seem that machine learning has become the buzzword of our time and age, it is certainly not a fad. This exciting field opens the way to new possibilities and has become indispensable to our daily lives. This is evident in talking to the voice assistant on our smartphones, recommending the right product for our customers, preventing credit card fraud, filtering out spam from our email inboxes, detecting and diagnosing medical diseases, the list goes on and on. If you want to become a machine learning practitioner, a better problem solver, or maybe even consider a career in machine learning research, then this book is for you. However, for a novice, the theoretical concepts behind machine learning can be quite overwhelming. Many practical books have been published in recent years that will help you get started in machine learning by implementing powerful learning algorithms. Getting exposed to practical code examples and working through example applications of machine learning are a great way to dive into this field. Concrete examples help illustrate the broader concepts by putting the learned material directly into action. However, remember that with great power comes great responsibility! In addition to offering a hands-on experience with machine learning using the Python programming languages and Python-based machine learning libraries, this book introduces the mathematical concepts behind machine learning algorithms, which is essential for using machine learning successfully. Thus, this book is different from a purely practical book; it is a book that discusses the necessary details regarding machine learning concepts and offers intuitive yet informative explanations of how machine learning algorithms work, how to use them, and most importantly, how to avoid the most common pitfalls. Currently, if you type "machine learning" as a search term in Google Scholar, it returns an overwhelmingly large number of publications—1,800,000. Of course, we cannot discuss the nitty-gritty of all the different algorithms and applications that have emerged in the last 60 years. However, in this book, we will embark on an exciting journey that covers all the essential topics and concepts to give you a head start in this field. If you find that your thirst for knowledge is not satisfied, this book references many useful resources that can be used to follow up on the essential breakthroughs in this field. If you have already studied machine learning theory in detail, this book will show you how to put your knowledge into practice. If you have used machine learning techniques before and want to gain more insight into how machine learning actually works, this book is for you. Don't worry if you are completely new to the machine learning field; you have even more reason to be excited. Here is a promise that machine learning will change the way you think about the problems you want to solve and will show you how to tackle them by unlocking the power of data. Before we dive deeper into the machine learning field, let's answer your most important question, "Why Python?" The answer is simple: it is powerful yet very accessible. Python has become the most popular programming language for data science because it allows us to forget about the tedious parts of programming and offers us an environment where we can quickly jot down our ideas and put concepts directly into action. We, the authors, can truly say that the study of machine learning has made us better scientists, thinkers, and problem solvers. In this book, we want to share this knowledge with you. Knowledge is gained by learning. The key is our enthusiasm, and the real mastery of skills can only be achieved by practice. The road ahead may be bumpy on occasions and some topics may be more challenging than others, but we hope that you will embrace this opportunity and focus on the reward. Remember that we are on this journey together, and throughout this book, we will add many powerful techniques to your arsenal that will help us solve even the toughest problems the data-driven way.
Introduction Welcome to .NET and Visual Basic .NET.As you already know, .NET is a name for a new strategy: a blueprint for building applications for the next decade. It’s actually even more than that. It’s Microsoft’s commitment to remain at the top of a rapidly changing world and give us the tools to address the needs of tomorrow’s computing. Visual Basic .NET is a language for creating .NET applications, like many others. It also happens that Visual Basic is the easiest to learn, most productive language (but you already know that). Visual Basic .NET is released shortly after the tenth anniversary of the first version of VB. The original language that changed the landscape of computing has lasted for 10 years and has enabled more programmers to write Windowsapplication than any other language. Programmers who invested in Visual Basic 10 years ago are in demand today. In the world of computing, how- ever, things change very fast, including languages. At some point, they either die, or they evolve into something new. Visual Basic was a language designed primarily for developing Windows applications. It was a simple language, because it managed to hide many of the low-level details of the operating system. Those who wanted to do more with Visual Basic had to resort to Win- dows API. In a way, earlier versions of Visual Basic were ‘sandboxed’ to protect developers from scary details. Microsoft had to redesign Visual Basic. The old language just didn’t belong in the .NET pic- ture (at least, it wouldn’t integrate very well into the picture). Visual Basic .NET is not VB7; it’s a drastic departure from VB6, but a necessary departure. Visual Basic .NET was designed to take us through the next decade of computing, and if you want to stay ahead, you will have to invest the time and effort to learn it. The most fundamental component of the .NET initiative is the .NET Framework, or simply the Framework. You can think of the Framework as an enormous collection of functions for just about any programming task. All drawing methods, for example, are part of the System.Drawing class. To draw a rectangle, you call the DrawRectangle method, passing the appropriate argu- ments. To create a new folder, you call the CreateDirectory method of the Directory class; to retrieve the files in a folder, you call the GetFiles method of the same object. The Framework contains all the functionality of the operating system and makes it available to your application through numerous methods. VB was such a success because it was a very simple language. You didn’t have to learn a lot before you could start using the language. Being able to access the Framework’s objects means that you’re no longer limited by the language. The new version of the language unlocks the full potential of .NET; now there’s hardly anything you can do with another language but can’t do 2877c00.qxd 11/11/01 4:13 PM Page xxiii INTRODUCTION xxiv with Visual Basic. This makes the language as powerful as any other language, but it also makes the learning curve steeper. The good news is that, if you get started today, you’ll get a head start, which may well last for another decade. Who Should Read This Book? You don’t need to know Visual Basic to read Mastering Visual Basic .NET,but you do need a basic understanding of programming. You need to know the meaning of variables and functions and how an If…Thenstructure works. This book is addressed to the typical programmer who wants to get the most out of Visual Basic. It covers the topics I feel are of use to most VB programmers, and it does so in depth. Visual Basic .NET is an extremely rich programming environment, and I’ve had to choose between superficial coverage of many topics and in-depth coverage of fewer topics. To make room for more topics, I have avoided including a lot of reference material and lengthy listings. For example, you won’t find complete project listings or Form descriptions. I assume you can draw a few controls on a Form and set their properties, and you don’t need long descriptions of the properties of the control. I’m also assuming that you don’t want to read the trivial segments of each application. Instead, the listings concentrate on the “meaty” part of the code: the procedures that explain the topic at hand. If you want to see the complete listing, it’s all on the CD. The topics covered in this book were chosen to provide a solid understanding of the principles and techniques for developing applications with Visual Basic. Programming isn’t about new key- words and functions. I chose the topics I felt every programmer should learn in order to master the language. I was also motivated by my desire to present useful, practical examples. You will not find all topics equally interesting or important. My hope is that everyone will find something interesting and something of value to their daily work—whether it’s an application that maps the folders and files of a drive to a TreeView control, an application that prints tabular data, or an application that saves a collection of objects to a file. Many books offer their readers long, numbered sequences of steps to accomplish something. Fol- lowing instructions simplifies certain tasks, but programming isn’t about following instructions. It’s about being creative; it’s about understanding principles and being able to apply the same techniques in several practical situations. And the way to creatively exploit the power of a language such as Visual Basic .NET is to understand its principles and its programming model. In many cases, I provide a detailed, step-by-step procedure that will help you accomplish a task, such as designing a menu. But not all tasks are as simple as designing menus. I explain why things must be done in a certain way, and I present alternatives and try to connect new topics to those explained earlier in the book. In several chapters, I expand on applications developed in earlier chap- ters. Associating new knowledge to something you have already mastered provides positive feedback and a deeper understanding of the language. This book isn’t about the hottest features of the language; it’s about solid programming tech- niques and practical examples. For example, I’m not going to show you how to write multithreaded applications. The real challenge with multithreaded applications is their debugging, which requires substantial experience. Once you master the basics of programming Windowsapplications with Visual Basic .NET and you feel comfortable with the more advanced examples of the book, you will find it easy to catch up with the topics that aren’t discussed.
Through exposure to the news and social media, you are probably aware of the fact that machine learning has become one of the most exciting technologies of our time and age. Large companies, such as Google, Facebook, Apple, Amazon, and IBM, heavily invest in machine learning research and applications for good reasons. While it may seem that machine learning has become the buzzword of our time and age, it is certainly not a fad. This exciting field opens the way to new possibilities and has become indispensable to our daily lives. This is evident in talking to the voice assistant on our smartphones, recommending the right product for our customers, preventing credit card fraud, filtering out spam from our email inboxes, detecting and diagnosing medical diseases, the list goes on and on. If you want to become a machine learning practitioner, a better problem solver, or maybe even consider a career in machine learning research, then this book is for you. However, for a novice, the theoretical concepts behind machine learning can be quite overwhelming. Many practical books have been published in recent years that will help you get started in machine learning by implementing powerful learning algorithms. Getting exposed to practical code examples and working through example applications of machine learning are a great way to dive into this field. Concrete examples help illustrate the broader concepts by putting the learned material directly into action. However, remember that with great power comes great responsibility! In addition to offering a hands-on experience with machine learning using the Python programming languages and Python-based machine learning libraries, this book introduces the mathematical concepts behind machine learning algorithms, which is essential for using machine learning successfully. Thus, this book is different from a purely practical book; it is a book that discusses the necessary details regarding machine learning concepts and offers intuitive yet informative explanations of how machine learning algorithms work, how to use them, and most importantly, how to avoid the most common pitfalls. Currently, if you type "machine learning" as a search term in Google Scholar, it returns an overwhelmingly large number of publications—1,800,000. Of course, we cannot discuss the nitty-gritty of all the different algorithms and applications that have emerged in the last 60 years. However, in this book, we will embark on an exciting journey that covers all the essential topics and concepts to give you a head start in this field. If you find that your thirst for knowledge is not satisfied, this book references many useful resources that can be used to follow up on the essential breakthroughs in this field. If you have already studied machine learning theory in detail, this book will show you how to put your knowledge into practice. If you have used machine learning techniques before and want to gain more insight into how machine learning actually works, this book is for you. Don't worry if you are completely new to the machine learning field; you have even more reason to be excited. Here is a promise that machine learning will change the way you think about the problems you want to solve and will show you how to tackle them by unlocking the power of data. Before we dive deeper into the machine learning field, let's answer your most important question, "Why Python?" The answer is simple: it is powerful yet very accessible. Python has become the most popular programming language for data science because it allows us to forget about the tedious parts of programming and offers us an environment where we can quickly jot down our ideas and put concepts directly into action. We, the authors, can truly say that the study of machine learning has made us better scientists, thinkers, and problem solvers. In this book, we want to share this knowledge with you. Knowledge is gained by learning. The key is our enthusiasm, and the real mastery of skills can only be achieved by practice. The road ahead may be bumpy on occasions and some topics may be more challenging than others, but we hope that you will embrace this opportunity and focus on the reward. Remember that we are on this journey together, and throughout this book, we will add many powerful techniques to your arsenal that will help us solve even the toughest problems the data-driven way.
Contents Acknowledgments x Author Biography xi Chapter 1: Defining the Obvious 3 What Is ‘the Obvious’? 6 Qualities of a great application 8 How Do You Design the Obvious? 10 Turn qualities into goals 10 The Framework for Obvious Design 12 Know what to build 14 Know what makes it great 14 Know the best way to implement it 15 Chapter 2: Lead with Why, Follow with What 17 Know Your Motivation 19 What follows Why 22 Make Authentic Decisions 24 Audit the user experience 24 Define the vision 28 Plan the new design 31 Implement it 32 Measure everything 32 Having vision 34 Chapter 3: Ignore the User, Know the Situation 35 Designing for the User 37 Designing for the Activity 44 Solve for the Situation 47 Understand How Users Think They Do Things 55 Understand How Users Actually Do Things 57 Find Out the Truth 61 Contextual inquiry 63 Remote user research 66 Surveys 67 Write Use Cases 68 Download from WoweBook.com CONTENTS vii Task-flow diagrams 74 My advice 76 Chapter 4: Build Only What Is Absolutely Necessary 77 More features, More frustration 78 So what’s a geek to do? 79 Think Different 80 The dashboard and New Invoice screen 81 The finished invoice 82 The result 83 Think Mobile 84 Hey, it’s your life 87 Not present at time of photo 87 Drop Nice-to-Have Features 88 The Unnecessary Test 89 The 60-Second Deadline 90 Aim low 92 Interface Surgery 93 Reevaluate nice-to-have features later 98 Let them speak 99 Chapter 5: Support the User’s Mental Model 101 Understanding mental models 103 Design for Mental Models 104 Making metaphors that work 107 Interface Surgery: Converting an implementation model design into a mental model design 111 Eliminate Implementation Models 119 Create wireframes to nail things down 119 Prototype the Design 127 Test It Out 130 Chapter 6: Turn Beginners into Intermediates, Immediately 139 Use Up-to-Speed Aids 141 Provide a welcome screen 145 Fill the blank slate with something useful 147 Give instructive hints 149 Interface Surgery: Applying instructive design 153 Download from WoweBook.com viii CONTENTS Choose Good Defaults 160 Integrate preferences 163 Design for Information 163 Card sorting 166 Stop Getting Up to Speed and Speed Things Up 168 Reuse the welcome screen as a notification system 169 Use one-click interfaces 170 Use design patterns to make things familiar 171 Provide Help Documents, Because Help Is for Experts 173 Chapter 7: Be Persuasive 175 Draw a Finish Line 176 Ownership 177 Solve a Significant Problem 178 Make It Explainable 180 Know Your Psychology 181 Reciprocity 181 Commitment and consistency 182 Social proof 184 Authority 185 Liking 186 Scarcity 187 Ethical persuasion 188 Chapter 8: Handle Errors Wisely 189 Prevent and Catch Errors with Poka-yoke Devices 191 Poka-yoke on the web 192 Prevention devices 193 Detection devices 195 Turn errors into opportunities 200 Feeling smart 202 Ditch Anything Modal 203 Redesigning rude behavior 204 Replace it with modeless assistants 205 Write Error Messages That Help Instead of Hurt 207 Interface Surgery 209 Create Forgiving Software 211 Good software promotes good practices 213 Download from WoweBook.com CONTENTS ix Chapter 9: Design for Uniformity, Consistency, and Meaning 217 Design for Uniformity 220 Be Consistent Across Applications 229 Understanding design patterns 230 Intelligent inconsistency 233 Leverage Irregularity to Create Meaning and Importance 234 Interface Surgery: Surfacing the bananas in a process 237 Chapter 10: Reduce and Refine 243 Cluttered task flows 244 The path to simplicity 245 Clean Up the Mess 246 Reducing the pixel-to-data ratio 247 Minimizing copy 248 Designing white space 251 Cleaning up task flows 255 Practice Kaizen 258 The 5S approach 259 Eliminate Waste 262 Cleaning up your process 263 Put Just-in-Time Design and Review to Work 265 Chapter 11: Don’t Innovate When You Can Elevate 269 Innovation 270 The problem with innovative thinking 270 Elevation 272 Elevate the User Experience 272 Elevation is about being more polite 273 Elevation means giving your software a better personality 274 Elevation means understanding good design 276 Seek Out and Learn from Great Examples 277 Inspiration 278 Elevate the standards 278 Take Out All the Good Lines 279 Get in the Game 280 Index 283

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