SSM框架学习笔记3-SpringMVC

SpringMVC

1、简介

  • Spring MVC是Spring Framework的一部分,是基于Java实现MVC的轻量级Web框架

  • 官方文档:https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/5.2.0.RELEASE/spring-framework-reference/web.html#spring-web

  • 特点

    • 轻量级,简单易学
    • 高效 , 基于请求响应的MVC框架
    • 与Spring兼容性好,无缝结合
    • 约定优于配置
    • 功能强大:RESTful、数据验证、格式化、本地化、主题等
    • 简洁灵活
  • 中心控制器

    • DispatcherServlet:以请求为驱动 , 围绕一个中心Servlet分派请求及提供其他功能,是一个实际的Servlet (它继承自HttpServlet 基类)
  • Spring MVC执行原理

    • 当发起请求时被前置的控制器拦截到请求,根据请求参数生成代理请求,找到请求对应的实际控制器,控制器处理请求,创建数据模型,访问数据库,将模型响应给中心控制器,控制器使用模型与视图渲染视图结果,将结果返回给中心控制器,再将结果返回给请求者
    • 实线表示SpringMVC框架提供的技术,不需要开发者实现,虚线表示需要开发者实现

在这里插入图片描述

​ 1、DispatcherServlet表示前置控制器,是整个SpringMVC的控制中心。用户发出请求,DispatcherServlet接收请求并拦截请求。我们假设请求的url为 : http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC/hello,可以分为三部分:1)http://localhost:8080是服务器域名,2)SpringMVC是部署在服务器上的web站点,3)hello是表示控制器,通过分析,如上url表示为:请求位于服务器localhost:8080上的SpringMVC站点的hello控制器。

​ 2、HandlerMapping为处理器映射。DispatcherServlet调用HandlerMapping,HandlerMapping根据请求url查找Handler。

​ 3、HandlerExecution表示具体的Handler,其主要作用是根据url查找控制器,如上url被查找控制器为:hello。

​ 4、HandlerExecution将解析后的信息传递给DispatcherServlet,如解析控制器映射等。

​ 5、HandlerAdapter表示处理器适配器,其按照特定的规则去执行Handler。

​ 6、Handler让具体的Controller执行。

​ 7、Controller将具体的执行信息返回给HandlerAdapter,如ModelAndView。

​ 8、HandlerAdapter将视图逻辑名或模型传递给DispatcherServlet。

​ 9、DispatcherServlet调用视图解析器(ViewResolver)来解析HandlerAdapter传递的逻辑视图名。

​ 10、ViewResolver视图解析器将解析的逻辑视图名传给DispatcherServlet。

​ 11、DispatcherServlet根据视图解析器解析的视图结果,调用具体的视图。

​ 12、最终视图呈现给用户。

2、第一个SpringMVC程序

  • 实现步骤

    • 新建一个web项目

    • 导入相关jar包

    • 编写web.xml , 注册DispatcherServlet

    • 编写springmvc配置文件

    • 创建对应的控制类 , controller

    • 完善前端视图和controller之间的对应

    • 测试运行调试

    SpringMVC三大配件:处理器映射器、处理器适配器、视图解析器

    通常,我们只需要手动配置视图解析器,而处理器映射器处理器适配器只需要开启注解驱动即可,而省去了大段的xml配置

2.1、使用配置

用来理解原理,实际上不使用这种方式,使用注解开发

  • 新建moudle,添加web支持,配置tomcat
  • pom.xml导入SpringMVC依赖,确认lib依赖已经添加(project structure->手动添加lib)
<!--  SpringMVC  -->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
    <version>5.3.9</version>
</dependency>
  • 配置web.xml , 注册DispatcherServlet(请求分发器/前端控制器):是springMVC的核心
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <!--注册DispatcherServlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!--关联一个springmvc的配置文件:【servlet-name】-servlet.xml-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!--启动级别-1-->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <!--/是会匹配所有请求,不包括.jsp
            /*是会匹配所有请求,包括.jsp
        -->
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
  • 编写SpringMVC配置文件springmvc-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!--处理映射器HandlerMapping-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
    <!--处理器适配器HandlerAdapter-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>
    <!--视图解析器ViewResolver-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!--前缀-->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <!--后缀-->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

</beans>
  • 编写Controller
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;

public class HelloController implements Controller {
    @Override
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
        //ModelAndView 模型和视图
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
        //业务代码:封装对象,放在ModelAndView中
        mv.addObject("msg","HelloSpringMVC!");
        //视图跳转:封装要跳转的视图,放在ModelAndView中
        mv.setViewName("test"); //: /WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp
        return mv;
    }
}
  • 到springmvc-servlet.xml中注册bean,将自己的类交给SpringIOC容器
<!--Handler-->
<bean id="/hello" class="com.leijiao.controller.HelloController"/>

2.2、使用注解

  • web.xml不变
  • SpringMVC配置文件springmvc-servlet.xml变化
    • 无需配置处理映射器HandlerMapping
    • 无需配置处理器适配器HandlerAdapter
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!-- 自动扫描包,让指定包下的注解生效,由IOC容器统一管理 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.leijiao.controller"/>
    <!-- 让Spring MVC不处理静态资源,HTML、JS、CSS、图片、视频 -->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler />
    <!--
    支持mvc注解驱动
        在spring中一般采用@RequestMapping注解来完成映射关系
        要想使@RequestMapping注解生效
        必须向上下文中注册DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping
        和一个AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter实例
        这两个实例分别在类级别和方法级别处理。
        而annotation-driven配置帮助我们自动完成上述两个实例的注入。
     -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />

    <!-- 视图解析器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
          id="internalResourceViewResolver">
        <!-- 前缀 -->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
        <!-- 后缀 -->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </bean>
    
</beans>
  • Controller变化
    • @Controller是为了让Spring IOC容器初始化时自动扫描到
    • @RequestMapping是为了映射请求路径,这里因为类与方法上都有映射所以访问时应该是/hello/1
    • 方法中声明Model类型的参数是为了把Action中的数据带到视图中
    • 方法返回的结果是视图的名称test,加上配置文件中的前后缀变成WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public class HelloController {

    //真实访问地址 : 项目名/hello/1
    @RequestMapping("/1")
    public String hello(Model model){
        //向模型中添加属性msg与值,可以在JSP页面中取出并渲染
        model.addAttribute("msg","hello,SpringMVC");
        //web-inf/jsp/test.jsp
        return "test";
    }
}

3、controller控制器

  • 控制器负责提供访问应用程序的行为,通常通过接口定义(章节2.1)或注解定义(章节2.2)两种方法实现

  • 控制器负责解析用户的请求并将其转换为一个模型

  • 在Spring MVC中一个控制器类可以包含多个方法

  • 在Spring MVC中,对于Controller的配置方式有很多种

  • @RequestMapping

    • 只注解在方法上面,只需要指定方法的路径
    @Controller
    public class TestController {
        @RequestMapping("/h1")
        public String test(){
            return "test";
        }
    }
    //url = http://localhost:8080 / 项目名 / h1
    
    • 同时注解类与方法,需要先指定类的路径再指定方法的路径
    @Controller
    @RequestMapping("/admin")
    public class TestController {
        @RequestMapping("/h1")
        public String test(){
            return "test";
        }
    }
    //url = http://localhost:8080 / 项目名/ admin /h1
    

4、RestFul风格

概念:Restful就是一个资源定位及资源操作的风格。不是标准也不是协议,只是一种风格。基于这个风格设计的软件可以更简洁,更有层次,更易于实现缓存等机制,更安全。

传统方式操作资源 :通过不同的参数来实现不同的效果!方法单一,post 和 get

  • http://127.0.0.1/item/queryItem.action?id=1 查询,GET

  • http://127.0.0.1/item/saveItem.action 新增,POST

  • http://127.0.0.1/item/updateItem.action 更新,POST

  • http://127.0.0.1/item/deleteItem.action?id=1 删除,GET或POST

使用RESTful操作资源 :可以通过不同的请求方式来实现不同的效果!如下:请求地址一样,但是功能可以不同!

  • http://127.0.0.1/item/1 查询,GET

  • http://127.0.0.1/item 新增,POST

  • http://127.0.0.1/item 更新,PUT

  • http://127.0.0.1/item/1 删除,DELETE

4.1、传统的例子

访问:http://localhost:8080/项目名/add?a=1&b=2

@Controller
public class Controller {

    @RequestMapping("/add")
    public String test(int a, int b, Model model){
        int sum = a+b;
        model.addAttribute("msg","结果为"+sum);
        return "test";
    }
}

4.2、RestFul的例子

访问:http://localhost:8080/项目名/add/1/2

  • 路径变得更加简洁
  • 请求参数不暴露,更安全
  • 获得参数更加方便,框架会自动进行类型转换
  • 通过路径变量的类型可以约束访问参数,如果类型不一样,则访问不到对应的请求方法,如这里访问是的路径是/add/1/a,则路径与方法不匹配,而不会是参数转换失败,错误码400
@Controller
public class RestfulController {

    @RequestMapping("/add/{a}/{b}")
    //@PathVariable 注解,让方法参数的值对应绑定到一个URI模板变量上
    public String test(@PathVariable int a, @PathVariable int b, Model model){
        int sum = a+b;
        model.addAttribute("msg","结果为"+sum);
        return "test";
    }
}

4.3、指定请求类型

方法一:@RequestMapping中添加method 属性

method = {RequestMethod.POST}指定了请求方式是POST,浏览器访问http://localhost:8080/项目名/test时是GET方法,会报错:HTTP状态 405 - 方法不允许

@Controller
public class test1Controller {

    @RequestMapping(value = "/test",method = {RequestMethod.POST})
    public String test(Model model){
        model.addAttribute("msg","method指定请求方式");
        return "test";
    }
}

方式二:直接使用指定注解

@Controller
public class test2Controller {

    /* 使用注解直接指定请求方式
    * @GetMapping
    * @PostMapping
    * @PutMapping
    * @DeleteMapping
    * @PatchMapping
    * */
    @GetMapping("/test2")
    public String test(Model model){
        model.addAttribute("msg","@GetMapping指定为GET方式");
        return "test";
    }
}

5、结果跳转方式

5.1、ModelAndView

同章节2.1的例子

设置ModelAndView对象 , 根据view的名称 , 和视图解析器跳到指定的页面

  • 页面 : {视图解析器前缀} + viewName +{视图解析器后缀},在springmvc配置文件中
<!-- 视图解析器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
      id="internalResourceViewResolver">
    <!-- 前缀 -->
    <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
    <!-- 后缀 -->
    <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
  • controller
public class ControllerTest implements Controller {
 
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
        //返回一个模型视图对象
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
        mv.addObject("msg","ControllerTest1");
        mv.setViewName("test");
        return mv;
    }
}
  • 注册
<!--Handler-->
<bean id="/hello" class="com.leijiao.controller.HelloController"/>

5.2、ServletAPI

通过设置ServletAPI , 不需要视图解析器

1、通过HttpServletResponse进行输出

2、通过HttpServletResponse实现重定向

3、通过HttpServletRequest 实现转发

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.IOException;

@Controller
public class TestServlet {
    @RequestMapping("/test1")
    public void test1(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException {
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        resp.getWriter().write("通过HttpServletResponse进行输出");
    }

    @RequestMapping("/test2")
    public void test2(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException {
        resp.sendRedirect(req.getContextPath()+"/index.jsp");
    }

    @RequestMapping("/test3")
    public void test3(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws Exception {
        req.setAttribute("msg","通过HttpServletRequest 实现转发");
        req.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp").forward(req,resp);
    }
    
}

5.3、SpringMVC

5.3.1、有视图解析器
@Controller
public class ResultSpringMVC2 {

    @RequestMapping("/rsm2/t1")
    public String test1(){
        //转发
        return "test";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/rsm2/t2")
    public String test2(){
        //重定向
        return "redirect:/index.jsp";
        //return "redirect:hello.do"; //hello.do为另一个请求/
    }
}
5.3.2、无视图解析器

把springmvc配置中的视图解析器注释

    <!-- 视图解析器 -->
<!--    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"-->
<!--          id="internalResourceViewResolver">-->
<!--        &lt;!&ndash; 前缀 &ndash;&gt;-->
<!--        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />-->
<!--        &lt;!&ndash; 后缀 &ndash;&gt;-->
<!--        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />-->
<!--    </bean>-->
@Controller
public class ResultSpringMVC {

    @RequestMapping("/rsm/t1")
    public String test1(){
        //转发
        return "/index.jsp";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/rsm/t2")
    public String test2(){
        //转发二,forward可写可不写
        return "forward:/index.jsp";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/rsm/t3")
    public String test3(){
        //重定向
        return "redirect:/index.jsp";
    }
    
}

6、数据处理

6.1、处理提交数据

提交数据 : http://localhost:8080/hello?name=leijiao

1、提交的域名称和处理方法的参数名一致

@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String hello(String name){
    System.out.println(name);
    return "hello";
}

2、提交的域名称和处理方法的参数名不一致

提交数据 : http://localhost:8080/hello?username=leijiao

//@RequestParam("username") : username提交的域的名称 .
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String hello(@RequestParam("username") String name){
    System.out.println(name);
    return "hello";
}

3、提交的是一个对象

要求提交的表单域和对象的属性名一致 , 参数使用对象即可。若是不一致,就是null

  • 实体类
public class User {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private int age;
    //构造
    //get/set
    //tostring()
}
  • controller

提交数据 : http://localhost:8080/mvc04/user?name=leijiao&id=1&age=15

@RequestMapping("/user")
public String user(User user){
    System.out.println(user);
    return "hello";
}

6.2、数据回显

6.2.1、ModelAndView

参考章节5.1例子

6.2.2、ModelMap
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
public class Hello2 {

    @RequestMapping("/view2")
    public String hello(ModelMap modelMap){
        //相当于req.setAttribute("msg",msg);
        modelMap.addAttribute("msg","数据回显2:ModelMap");
        return "test";
    }
}
6.2.3、Model
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
public class Hello3 {

    @RequestMapping("/view3")
    public String hello2(Model model){
        model.addAttribute("msg","数据回显3:Model");
        return "test";
    }
}
6.2.4、乱码问题
  • 写一个表单页面form.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>表单</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/abc" method="post">
        <input type="text" name="name">
        <input type="submit">
    </form>
</body>
</html>
  • Controller
@Controller
public class EncodeController {

    @RequestMapping("/abc")
    public String test1(String name, Model model){
        model.addAttribute("msg",name);
        return "test";
    }
}
  • 前端访问:http://localhost:8080/项目名/form.jsp,输入中文名称提交,页面显示乱码

  • 解决方法一:SpringMVC提供的过滤器,直接在web.xml中配置

    <!--SpringMVC提供的过滤器-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    
  • 解决方法二:修改tomcat配置文件server.xml

    <Connector URIEncoding="utf-8" port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" />
    
  • 解决方法三:自定义过滤器

    • EncodeFilter
    import javax.servlet.*;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
    import java.util.Map;
    
    /**
     * 解决get和post请求 全部乱码的过滤器
     */
    public class EncodeFilter implements Filter {
    
        @Override
        public void destroy() {
        }
    
        @Override
        public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
            //处理response的字符编码
            HttpServletResponse myResponse=(HttpServletResponse) response;
            myResponse.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
    
            // 转型为与协议相关对象
            HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;
            // 对request包装增强
            HttpServletRequest myrequest = new MyRequest(httpServletRequest);
            chain.doFilter(myrequest, response);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        }
    
    }
    
    //自定义request对象,HttpServletRequest的包装类
    class MyRequest extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {
    
        private HttpServletRequest request;
        //是否编码的标记
        private boolean hasEncode;
        //定义一个可以传入HttpServletRequest对象的构造函数,以便对其进行装饰
        public MyRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
            super(request);// super必须写
            this.request = request;
        }
    
        // 对需要增强方法 进行覆盖
        @Override
        public Map getParameterMap() {
            // 先获得请求方式
            String method = request.getMethod();
            if (method.equalsIgnoreCase("post")) {
                // post请求
                try {
                    // 处理post乱码
                    request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
                    return request.getParameterMap();
                } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            } else if (method.equalsIgnoreCase("get")) {
                // get请求
                Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap();
                if (!hasEncode) { // 确保get手动编码逻辑只运行一次
                    for (String parameterName : parameterMap.keySet()) {
                        String[] values = parameterMap.get(parameterName);
                        if (values != null) {
                            for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
                                try {
                                    // 处理get乱码
                                    values[i] = new String(values[i]
                                            .getBytes("ISO-8859-1"), "utf-8");
                                } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
                                    e.printStackTrace();
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    hasEncode = true;
                }
                return parameterMap;
            }
            return super.getParameterMap();
        }
    
        //取一个值
        @Override
        public String getParameter(String name) {
            Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = getParameterMap();
            String[] values = parameterMap.get(name);
            if (values == null) {
                return null;
            }
            return values[0]; // 取回参数的第一个值
        }
    
        //取所有值
        @Override
        public String[] getParameterValues(String name) {
            Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = getParameterMap();
            String[] values = parameterMap.get(name);
            return values;
        }
    }
    
    • web.xml配置过滤器
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encode</filter-name>
        <filter-class>com.leijiao.filter.EncodeFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encode</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    

7、JSON

7.1、json介绍

  • JSON(JavaScript Object Notation, JS 对象标记) 是一种轻量级的数据交换格式,目前使用特别广泛

  • 语法格式

{"name": "leijiao"}
{"age": 25}
{"sex": "女"}
  • JavaScript对象和json的区别
var obj = {a: 'Hello', b: 'World'}; //这是一个对象,注意键名也是可以使用引号包裹的
var json = '{"a": "Hello", "b": "World"}'; //这是一个 JSON 字符串,本质是一个字符串
  • JSON 和 JavaScript 对象互转
//json转js对象,结果是 {a: 'Hello', b: 'World'}
var obj = JSON.parse('{"a": "Hello", "b": "World"}');
//js对象转json,结果是 '{"a": "Hello", "b": "World"}'
var json = JSON.stringify({a: 'Hello', b: 'World'});

7.2、Jackson

7.2.1、基本用法
  • pom.xml依赖
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.jackson.core/jackson-databind -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
    <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
    <version>2.12.4</version>
</dependency>
  • 控制器
    • 使用jackson将str转为json格式
    • @RequestMapping中添加属性produces = “application/json;charset=utf-8”,可以防止中文乱码,但是每一个请求都要加,有点麻烦,参考7.2.2统一解决方法
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.leijiao.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

@Controller
public class UserController {

    @RequestMapping(value = "/j1",produces = "application/json;charset=utf-8")
    //@ResponseBody不走视图解析器,直接返回字符串
    @ResponseBody
    public String json1() throws JsonProcessingException {
        //创建一个jackson的对象映射器,用来解析数据
        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
        //创建一个对象
        User user = new User("用户1号", 3, "女");
        //将对象解析成为json格式
        String s = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(user);
        //由于@ResponseBody注解,这里会将str转成json格式返回;十分方便
        return s;
    }
}
7.2.2、乱码统一解决
  • springmvc-servlet.xml中添加StringHttpMessageConverter转换配置即可
<!-- JSON乱码问题解决 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven>
    <mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
        <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
            <constructor-arg value="UTF-8"/>
        </bean>
        <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
            <property name="objectMapper">
                <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperFactoryBean">
                    <property name="failOnEmptyBeans" value="false"/>
                </bean>
            </property>
        </bean>
    </mvc:message-converters>
</mvc:annotation-driven>
7.2.3、返回json统一解决

直接在类上添加注解**@RestController**,类里面的所有方法都会返回字符串,不需要再每个方法上使用@ResponseBody,更加便捷。

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.leijiao.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

//@RestController类里面的所有方法都会返回字符串
@RestController
public class UserController2 {

    @RequestMapping(value = "/j2")
    public String json2() throws JsonProcessingException {
        //创建一个jackson的对象映射器,用来解析数据
        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
        //创建一个对象
        User user = new User("用户2号", 3, "女");
        //将对象解析成为json格式
        String s = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(user);
        return s;
    }
}
7.2.4、返回集合
@RequestMapping(value = "/j3")
public String json3() throws JsonProcessingException {
    //创建一个jackson的对象映射器,用来解析数据
    ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
    //创建集合
    User user1 = new User("用户1号", 3, "女");
    User user2 = new User("用户2号", 3, "女");
    User user3 = new User("用户3号", 3, "女");
    ArrayList<User> users = new ArrayList<>();
    users.add(user1);
    users.add(user2);
    users.add(user3);
    //将集合解析成为json格式
    String s = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(users);
    return s;
}

//输出:{"name":"用户1号","age":3,"sex":"女"},{"name":"用户2号","age":3,"sex":"女"},{"name":"用户3号","age":3,"sex":"女"}]
7.2.5、返回时间对象
  • 返回时间戳
@RequestMapping(value = "/j4")
public String json4() throws JsonProcessingException {
    //创建一个jackson的对象映射器,用来解析数据
    ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
    //创建一个时间对象
    Date date = new Date();
    //将对象解析成为json格式
    String s = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(date);
    return s;
}

//输出1632300641412
  • 返回自定义时间格式
@RequestMapping(value = "/j5")
public String json5() throws JsonProcessingException {
    //创建一个jackson的对象映射器,用来解析数据
    ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
    //不使用时间戳
    //objectMapper.configure(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS,false);
    //自定义时间格式对象
    SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
    //指定日期格式
    objectMapper.setDateFormat(simpleDateFormat);
    //创建一个时间对象
    Date date = new Date();
    //将对象解析成为json格式
    String s = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(date);
    return s;
}

7.3、fastjson

  • pom.xml依赖
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/fastjson -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.78</version>
</dependency>
  • 常用方法
//java对象转json字符串
JSON.toJSONString(obj);
//json字符串转java对象
JSON.parseObject(json,javaobj.class);
//Java对象转json对象
(JSONObject) JSON.toJSON(javaobj);
//JSON对象转Java对象
SON.toJavaObject(jsonobj, javaobj.class);

8、整合SSM框架

8.1、环境准备

1、环境

  • IDEA
  • MySQL
  • Tomcat
  • Maven

2、数据库准备

CREATE DATABASE `ssmbuild`;
 
USE `ssmbuild`;
 
CREATE TABLE `books` (
  `bookID` INT(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '书id',
  `bookName` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '书名',
  `bookCounts` INT(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '数量',
  `detail` VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL COMMENT '描述',
  KEY `bookID` (`bookID`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
 
INSERT INTO `books` ( `bookID`, `bookName`, `bookCounts`, `detail` )
VALUES
	( 1, 'Java', 1, '从入门到放弃' ),
	( 2, 'MySQL', 10, '从删库到跑路' ),
	( 3, 'Linux', 5, '从进门到进牢' );

3、项目搭建

  • 新建maven项目,添加web支持
  • pom.xml依赖
<dependencies>
    <!--  junit单元测试  -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.13.2</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <!--  Spring  -->
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>5.3.9</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
        <version>5.3.9</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--   mybatis-spring整合包   -->
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mybatis/mybatis-spring -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.6</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--  servlet  -->
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>4.0.1</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!--  servlet.jsp  -->
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet.jsp/javax.servlet.jsp-api -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.3</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!--    jstl表达式的依赖    -->
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/jstl -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
        <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--    standard标签库    -->
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/taglibs/standard -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
        <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
        <version>1.1.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--  mybatis  -->
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mybatis/mybatis -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
        <version>3.5.7</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-jdbc -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
        <version>5.3.9</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--  mysql  -->
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>8.0.26</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 数据库连接池 -->
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.mchange/c3p0 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
        <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
        <version>0.9.5.5</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--    lombok    -->
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.projectlombok/lombok -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <version>1.16.10</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>
  • 静态资源过滤
<!--  构建  -->
<build>
    <finalName>mybatis</finalName>
    <!-- 在build中配置resources,避免出现资源导出失败的问题 -->
    <resources>
        <resource>
            <directory>src/main/java</directory>
            <includes>
                <include>**/*.properties</include>
                <include>**/*.xml</include>
            </includes>
        </resource>
        <resource>
            <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
            <includes>
                <include>**/*.properties</include>
                <include>**/*.xml</include>
            </includes>
        </resource>
    </resources>
</build>
  • 项目基本框架

    • com.leijiao.pojo
    • com.leijiao.dao
    • com.leijiao.service
    • com.leijiao.controller
    • mybatis-config.xml
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
    <!DOCTYPE configuration
            PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
            "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
    <configuration>
    
    </configuration>
    
    • applicationContext.xml
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    
    </beans>
    

8.2、mybatis层编写

(pojo、dao、service)

  • 数据库配置文件db.properties
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssmbuild?useSSL=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&serverTimezone=GMT
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=123456
  • 编写pojo实体类Books
package com.leijiao.pojo;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Books {
    private int bookID;
    private String bookName;
    private int bookCounts;
    private String detail;
}
  • 编写Dao层的Mapper接口
package com.leijiao.dao;

import com.leijiao.pojo.Books;
import java.util.List;

public interface BooksMapper {
    //增
    int insert(Books book);
    //删
    int delete(int id);
    //改
    int update(Books book);
    //查
    Books select(int id);
    //查全部
    Books selectall();
}
  • 编写Mapper.xml配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--namespace绑定一个mapper接口-->
<mapper namespace="com.leijiao.dao.BooksMapper">
    <!--增-->
    <insert id="insert" parameterType="Books">
        insert into books (bookName,bookCounts,detail)
        values (#{bookName},#{bookCounts},#{detail});
    </insert>
    <!--删-->
    <delete id="delete" parameterType="int">
        delete from books where bookID = #{bookID}
    </delete>
    <!--改-->
    <update id="update" parameterType="Books">
        update books
        set bookName = #{bookName},bookCounts=#{bookCounts},detail=#{detail}
        where bookID=#{bookID};
    </update>
    <!--查-->
    <select id="select" parameterType="int" resultType="Books">
        select * from books where bookID=#{bookID};
    </select>
    <!--查全部-->
    <select id="selectall" resultType="Books">
        select * from books;
    </select>
</mapper>
  • 编写MyBatis的核心配置文件mybatis-config.xml
<!--别名-->
<typeAliases>
    <package name="com.leijiao.pojo"/>
</typeAliases>
<!--注册mapper-->
<mappers>
    <mapper resource="com/leijiao/dao/BooksMapper.xml"/>
</mappers>
  • 编写Service层的接口
package com.leijiao.service;

import com.leijiao.pojo.Books;
import java.util.List;

public interface BooksService {
    //增
    int insert(Books book);
    //删
    int delete(int id);
    //改
    int update(Books book);
    //查
    Books select(int id);
    //查全部
    List<Books> selectall();
}
  • 编写Service层的接口的实现类
package com.leijiao.service;

import com.leijiao.dao.BooksMapper;
import com.leijiao.pojo.Books;
import java.util.List;

public class BooksServiceImpl implements BooksService{

    //service层调用dao层
    private BooksMapper booksMapper;
    //setter方法
    public void setBooksMapper(BooksMapper booksMapper) {
        this.booksMapper = booksMapper;
    }

    @Override
    public int insert(Books book) {
        return booksMapper.insert(book);
    }

    @Override
    public int delete(int id) {
        return booksMapper.delete(id);
    }

    @Override
    public int update(Books book) {
        return booksMapper.update(book);
    }

    @Override
    public Books select(int id) {
        return booksMapper.select(id);
    }
    
    @Override
    public List<Books> selectall() {
        return booksMapper.selectall();
    }
}

8.3、Spring整合dao层

数据源使用c3p0连接池

  • 编写spring整合mybatis的配置文件spring-dao.xml
    • 1、关联数据库文件
    • 2、数据库连接池
    • 3、配置SqlSessionFactory对象
    • 4、注册bean(配置扫描Dao接口包,动态实现Dao接口注入到spring容器中)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!-- 配置整合mybatis -->
    <!-- 1.关联数据库文件 -->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/>

    <!-- 2.数据库连接池 -->
    <!--数据库连接池
        dbcp  半自动化操作  不能自动连接
        c3p0  自动化操作(自动的加载配置文件 并且设置到对象里面)
    -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <!-- 配置连接池属性 -->
        <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
        <!-- c3p0连接池的私有属性 -->
        <property name="maxPoolSize" value="30"/>
        <property name="minPoolSize" value="10"/>
        <!-- 关闭连接后不自动commit -->
        <property name="autoCommitOnClose" value="false"/>
        <!-- 获取连接超时时间 -->
        <property name="checkoutTimeout" value="10000"/>
        <!-- 当获取连接失败重试次数 -->
        <property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="2"/>
    </bean>
    <!-- 3.配置SqlSessionFactory对象 -->
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <!-- 注入数据库连接池 -->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        <!-- 配置MyBaties全局配置文件:mybatis-config.xml -->
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"/>
    </bean>
    <!-- 4.配置扫描Dao接口包,动态实现Dao接口注入到spring容器中 -->
    <!--解释 :https://www.cnblogs.com/jpfss/p/7799806.html-->
    <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
        <!-- 注入sqlSessionFactory -->
        <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/>
        <!-- 给出需要扫描Dao接口包 -->
        <property name="basePackage" value="com.leijiao.dao"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

8.4、Spring整合service层

  • 编写spring整合mybatis的配置文件spring-dao.xml
    • 1、扫描service相关的bean
    • 2、service接口实现类注入到IOC容器中
    • 3、配置事务管理器
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!-- 扫描service相关的bean -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.leijiao.service" />

    <!--BookServiceImpl注入到IOC容器中-->
    <bean id="BookServiceImpl" class="com.leijiao.service.BooksServiceImpl">
        <property name="booksMapper" ref="booksMapper"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <!-- 注入数据库连接池 -->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
    </bean>

</beans>

8.5、整合SpringMVC层

  • 添加web支持,配置web.xml
    • 配置DispatcherServlet
    • 乱码过滤器
    • Session过期时间
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <!--DispatcherServlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <!--乱码过滤器-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <!--Session过期时间-->
    <session-config>
        <session-timeout>15</session-timeout>
    </session-config>
    
</web-app>
  • 添加springmvc配置文件spring-mvc.xml
    • 1、开启SpringMVC注解驱动
    • 2、静态资源默认servlet配置
    • 3、ViewResolver视图解析器
    • 4、扫描controller相关的bean
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
    https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!-- 配置SpringMVC -->
    <!-- 1.开启SpringMVC注解驱动 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />
    <!-- 2.静态资源默认servlet配置-->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

    <!-- 3.配置jsp 显示ViewResolver视图解析器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </bean>
    <!-- 4.扫描web相关的bean -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.leijiao.controller" />
</beans>

8.6、总配置整合文件

  • applicationContext.xml将dao、service、controller层的配置文件导入
<import resource="classpath:spring-dao.xml"></import>
<import resource="classpath:spring-service.xml"></import>
<import resource="classpath:spring-mvc.xml"></import>

8.7、增删改查功能实现

8.7.1、Controller层
  • BooksController.java
package com.leijiao.controller;

import com.leijiao.pojo.Books;
import com.leijiao.service.BooksService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import java.util.List;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/books")
public class BooksController {

    //controller层调用service层
    //@Autowired、@Qualifier注解自动装配
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("BookServiceImpl")
    private BooksService booksService;

    @RequestMapping("/bookslist")
    public String selectall(Model model){
        List<Books> selectall = booksService.selectall();
        model.addAttribute("list",selectall);
        return "bookslist";
    }
    
    @RequestMapping("/insertpage")
    public String toAddPaper() {
        return "addbooks";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/insert")
    public String insert(Books books){
        booksService.insert(books);
        return "redirect:/books/bookslist";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/select/{bookId}")
    public String select(@PathVariable("bookId") int id,Model model){
        Books select = booksService.select(id);
        model.addAttribute("select",select);
        return "selectbooks";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/updatepage/{bookId}")
    public String toUpdatePaper(Model model,@PathVariable("bookId") int id) {
        Books select = booksService.select(id);
        System.out.println(select);
        model.addAttribute("select",select);
        return "updatebooks";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/update")
    public String update(Model model, Books books){
        booksService.update(books);
        Books select = booksService.select(books.getBookID());
        model.addAttribute("select",select);
        return "redirect:/books/bookslist";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/delete/{bookId}")
    public String delete(@PathVariable("bookId") int id){
        booksService.delete(id);
        return "redirect:/books/bookslist";
    }
}
8.7.2、jsp
  • bookslist.jsp
<%--引入JSTL核心标签库--%>
<%@taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>书籍列表</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <!-- 引入 Bootstrap -->
    <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>

<div class="container">
    <div class="row clearfix">
        <div class="col-md-12 column">
            <div class="page-header">
                <h1>
                    <small>书籍列表 —— 显示所有书籍</small>
                </h1>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-4 column">
            <a class="btn btn-primary" href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/books/insertpage">新增</a>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="row clearfix">
        <div class="col-md-12 column">
            <table class="table table-hover table-striped">
                <thead>
                <tr>
                    <th>书籍编号</th>
                    <th>书籍名字</th>
                    <th>书籍数量</th>
                    <th>书籍详情</th>
                    <th>操作</th>
                </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                <c:forEach var="book" items="${requestScope.get('list')}">
                    <tr>
                        <td>${book.getBookID()}</td>
                        <td>${book.getBookName()}</td>
                        <td>${book.getBookCounts()}</td>
                        <td>${book.getDetail()}</td>
                        <td>
                            <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/books/select/${book.getBookID()}">查看</a>
                            <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/books/updatepage/${book.getBookID()}">更改</a>
                            <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/books/delete/${book.getBookID()}">删除</a>
                        </td>
                    </tr>
                </c:forEach>
                </tbody>
            </table>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
  • addbooks.jsp
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>

<html>
<head>
    <title>新增书籍</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <!-- 引入 Bootstrap -->
    <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <div class="row clearfix">
        <div class="col-md-12 column">
            <div class="page-header">
                <h1>
                    <small>新增书籍</small>
                </h1>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/books/insert" method="post">
        书籍名称:<input type="text" name="bookName"><br><br><br>
        书籍数量:<input type="text" name="bookCounts"><br><br><br>
        书籍详情:<input type="text" name="detail"><br><br><br>
        <input type="submit" value="添加">
    </form>
</div>
  • selectbooks.jsp
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>

<html>
<head>
    <title>查看书籍</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <!-- 引入 Bootstrap -->
    <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <div class="row clearfix">
        <div class="col-md-12 column">
            <div class="page-header">
                <h1>
                    <small>查看书籍</small>
                </h1>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <c:set var="select" value="${requestScope.get('select')}"></c:set>
    <div>书籍名称:${select.getBookName()}</div>
    <div>书籍数量:${select.getBookCounts()}</div>
    <div>书籍详情:${select.getDetail()}</div>
</div>
  • updatebooks.jsp
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>修改信息</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <!-- 引入 Bootstrap -->
    <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <div class="row clearfix">
        <div class="col-md-12 column">
            <div class="page-header">
                <h1>
                    <small>修改信息</small>
                </h1>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/books/update" method="post">
        <c:set var="book" value="${requestScope.get('select')}"></c:set>
        <input type="hidden" name="bookID" value="${book.getBookID()}"/>
        书籍名称:<input type="text" name="bookName" value="${book.getBookName()}"/><br><br>
        书籍数量:<input type="text" name="bookCounts" value="${book.getBookCounts()}"/><br><br>
        书籍详情:<input type="text" name="detail" value="${book.getDetail()}"/><br><br>
        <input type="submit" value="提交"/>
    </form>
</div>

9、Ajax

9.1、Ajax介绍

  • ajax 全名 async javascript and XML(异步JavaScript和XML)

  • ajax 是前后台交互的能⼒ 也就是我们客户端给服务端发送消息的⼯具,以及接受响应的⼯具

  • ajax 不是新的编程语言,而是一种使用现有标准的新方法。

  • ajax 是与服务器交换数据并更新部分网页的艺术,在不重新加载整个页面的情况下。

  • ajax 是⼀个默认异步执⾏机制的功能,ajax 分为同步(async = false)和异步(async = true)

  • ajax不需要插件的⽀持,原⽣ js 就可以使⽤,用户不需要刷新⻚⾯就可以更新数据

9.2、jQuery.ajax

9.2.1、方法参数说明
jQuery.ajax(...)
       部分参数:
              url:请求地址
             type:请求方式,GET、POST(1.9.0之后用method)
          headers:请求头
             data:要发送的数据
      contentType:即将发送信息至服务器的内容编码类型(默认: "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8")
            async:是否异步
          timeout:设置请求超时时间(毫秒)
       beforeSend:发送请求前执行的函数(全局)
         complete:完成之后执行的回调函数(全局)
          success:成功之后执行的回调函数(全局)
            error:失败之后执行的回调函数(全局)
          accepts:通过请求头发送给服务器,告诉服务器当前客户端可接受的数据类型
         dataType:将服务器端返回的数据转换成指定类型
            "xml": 将服务器端返回的内容转换成xml格式
           "text": 将服务器端返回的内容转换成普通文本格式
           "html": 将服务器端返回的内容转换成普通文本格式,在插入DOM中时,如果包含JavaScript标签,则会尝试去执行。
         "script": 尝试将返回值当作JavaScript去执行,然后再将服务器端返回的内容转换成普通文本格式
           "json": 将服务器端返回的内容转换成相应的JavaScript对象
          "jsonp": JSONP 格式使用 JSONP 形式调用函数时,如 "myurl?callback=?" jQuery 将自动替换 ? 为正确的函数名,以执行回调函数
9.2.2、HttpServletResponse实现
  • springmvc的配置文件需要加静态资源过滤和注解驱动配置
<!-- 让Spring MVC不处理静态资源,HTML、JS、CSS、图片、视频 -->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler />
<!-- 注解驱动 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
  • jsp页面
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
  <title>$Title$</title>
  <%--<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.1.1.min.js"></script>--%>
  <script src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/statics/js/jquery-3.6.0.js"></script>
  <script>
    function a1(){
      $.post({
        url:"${pageContext.request.contextPath}/a1",
        data:{'name':$("#txtName").val()},
        success:function (data,status) {
          alert(data);
          alert(status);
        }
      });
    }
  </script>
</head>
<body>

<%--onblur:失去焦点触发事件--%>
用户名:<input type="text" id="txtName" οnblur="a1()"/>

</body>
</html>
  • controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/a1")
public void a1(String name , HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
    if ("admin".equals(name)){
        response.getWriter().print("true");
    }else{
        response.getWriter().print("false");
    }
}
9.2.3、Springmvc实现
  • jsp页面
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<input type="button" id="btn" value="获取数据"/>
<table width="80%" align="center">
    <tr>
        <td>姓名</td>
        <td>年龄</td>
        <td>性别</td>
    </tr>
    <tbody id="content">
    </tbody>
</table>

<script src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/statics/js/jquery-3.6.0.js"></script>
<script>

    $(function () {
        $("#btn").click(function () {
            $.post("${pageContext.request.contextPath}/a2",function (data) {
                console.log(data)
                var html="";
                for (var i = 0; i <data.length ; i++) {
                    html+= "<tr>" +
                        "<td>" + data[i].name + "</td>" +
                        "<td>" + data[i].age + "</td>" +
                        "<td>" + data[i].sex + "</td>" +
                        "</tr>"
                }
                $("#content").html(html);
            });
        })
    })
</script>
</body>
</html>
  • pojo
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class User {

    private String name;
    private int age;
    private String sex;

}
  • controller
@RequestMapping("/a2")
public List<User> a2(){
    List<User> list = new ArrayList<User>();
    list.add(new User("1号",3,"男"));
    list.add(new User("2号",3,"男"));
    list.add(new User("3号",3,"男"));
    return list; //由于@RestController注解,将list转成json格式返回
}
9.2.4、验证登录demo
  • jsp页面
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>登录</title>
    <script src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/statics/js/jquery-3.6.0.js"></script>
    <script>
        function a1() {
            $.post({
                url:"${pageContext.request.contextPath}/a3",
                data:{"username":$("#username").val()},
                success:function (data) {
                    if (data.toString()=='OK'){
                        $("#usernameinfo").css("color","green");
                    }else {
                        $("#usernameinfo").css("color","red");
                    }
                    $("#usernameinfo").html(data);
                }
            })
        }
        function a2() {
            $.post({
                url:"${pageContext.request.contextPath}/a3",
                data:{"password":$("#password").val()},
                success:function (data) {
                    if (data.toString()=='OK'){
                        $("#passwordinfo").css("color","green");
                    }else {
                        $("#passwordinfo").css("color","red");
                    }
                    $("#passwordinfo").html(data);
                }
            })
        }
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <p>
        用户名:<input type="text" id="username" οnblur="a1()">
        <span id="usernameinfo"></span>
    </p>
    <p>
        密码:<input type="text" id="password" οnblur="a2()">
        <span id="passwordinfo"></span>
    </p>
</body>
</html>
  • controller
@RequestMapping("/a3")
public String a3(String username,String password){
    String msg = "";
    if(username!=null){
        if("admin".equals(username)){
            msg = "OK";
        }else {
            msg = "用户名错误";
        }
    }
    if(password!=null){
        if("123456".equals(password)){
            msg = "OK";
        }else {
            msg = "密码错误";
        }
    }
    return msg;
}

`

9.2.4、验证登录demo
  • jsp页面
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>登录</title>
    <script src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/statics/js/jquery-3.6.0.js"></script>
    <script>
        function a1() {
            $.post({
                url:"${pageContext.request.contextPath}/a3",
                data:{"username":$("#username").val()},
                success:function (data) {
                    if (data.toString()=='OK'){
                        $("#usernameinfo").css("color","green");
                    }else {
                        $("#usernameinfo").css("color","red");
                    }
                    $("#usernameinfo").html(data);
                }
            })
        }
        function a2() {
            $.post({
                url:"${pageContext.request.contextPath}/a3",
                data:{"password":$("#password").val()},
                success:function (data) {
                    if (data.toString()=='OK'){
                        $("#passwordinfo").css("color","green");
                    }else {
                        $("#passwordinfo").css("color","red");
                    }
                    $("#passwordinfo").html(data);
                }
            })
        }
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <p>
        用户名:<input type="text" id="username" οnblur="a1()">
        <span id="usernameinfo"></span>
    </p>
    <p>
        密码:<input type="text" id="password" οnblur="a2()">
        <span id="passwordinfo"></span>
    </p>
</body>
</html>
  • controller
@RequestMapping("/a3")
public String a3(String username,String password){
    String msg = "";
    if(username!=null){
        if("admin".equals(username)){
            msg = "OK";
        }else {
            msg = "用户名错误";
        }
    }
    if(password!=null){
        if("123456".equals(password)){
            msg = "OK";
        }else {
            msg = "密码错误";
        }
    }
    return msg;
}
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