R
options(stringsAsFactors=FALSE)
df <- data.frame(x1=c("A","B","D","E"),
x2=c("中国、美国","德国、日本","意大利",NA) )
country_list <- strsplit(with(df,x2),"、")
count_n <- sapply(country_list,length)
data.frame(x1=rep(with(df,x1),count_n),x2=unlist(country_list))
或者
library(tidyr)
df %>% separate_rows(x2, sep = "、")