本篇文章采用小例子来说明,因为我始终觉的,案例驱动是最好的,要不然只看理论的话,看了也不懂,不过建议大家在看完文章之后,在回过头去看看理论,会有更好的理解。
下面是java反射的三个例子
Reflection,通过一个类名,打印出构造函数,方法和变量
package senior;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ReflectionTest {
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
String name;
if (args.length > 0)
name = args[0];
else {
System.out.println("Enter class name (e.g. java.util.Date): ");
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
name = in.nextLine();
}
try {
Class<?> cl = Class.forName(name);
Class<?> superClass = cl.getSuperclass();
String modifiers = Modifier.toString(cl.getModifiers());
if (modifiers.length() > 0)
System.out.print(modifiers + " ");
System.out.print("class " + name);
if (superClass != null && superClass != Object.class)
System.out.print("extends " + superClass.getName());
System.out.print("\n{\n");
printConstructors(cl);// 打印构造方法
System.out.println();
printMethods(cl);// 打印方法
System.out.println();
printFields(cl);// 打印数据成员
System.out.println("}");
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.exit(0);
}
private static void printFields(Class<?> cl) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Field[] fields = cl.getDeclaredFields();
for (Field f : fields) {
System.out.print("\t");
Class<?> type = f.getType();
String name = f.getName();
String modifiers = Modifier.toString(f.getModifiers());
if (modifiers.length() > 0)
System.out.print(modifiers + " ");
System.out.println(type.getName() + " " + name + ";");
}
}
private static void printMethods(Class<?> cl) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Method[] methods = cl.getDeclaredMethods();
for (Method m : methods) {
System.out.print("\t");
Class<?> retType = m.getReturnType();
String name = m.getName();
String modifiers = Modifier.toString(m.getModifiers());
System.out.print(modifiers + " ");
System.out.print(retType + " " + name + "(");
@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
Class[] paramTypes = m.getParameterTypes();
for (int j = 0; j < paramTypes.length; j++) {
if (j > 0)
System.out.print(", ");
System.out.print(paramTypes[j].getName());
}
System.out.println(");");
}
}
private static void printConstructors(Class<?> cl) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
Constructor[] constructors = cl.getDeclaredConstructors();
for (Constructor<?> c : constructors) {
System.out.print("\t");
String name = c.getName();
String modifiers = Modifier.toString(c.getModifiers());
System.out.print(modifiers + " ");
System.out.print(name + "(");
@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
Class[] paramTypes = c.getParameterTypes();
for (int j = 0; j < paramTypes.length; j++) {
if (j > 0)
System.out.print(", ");
System.out.print(paramTypes[j].getName());
}
System.out.println(");");
}
}
}
运行结果:
MethodPointer相当于C/C++中的回调函数
package senior;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class MethodPointerTest {
/**
* @param args
* @throws NoSuchMethodException
* @throws SecurityException
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws SecurityException,
NoSuchMethodException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Method square = MethodPointerTest.class.getMethod("square",
double.class);
Method sqrt = Math.class.getMethod("sqrt", double.class);
printTable(1, 10, 10, square);
printTable(1, 10, 10, sqrt);
}
public static double square(double x) {
return x * x;
}
private static void printTable(int i, int j, int k, Method f) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
double x = (j - i) / (k - 1);
for (double l = i; l <= j; l += x) {
double y;
try {
y = (Double) f.invoke(null, l);
System.out.printf("%10.4f|%10.4f%n", l, y);
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
运行结果:
泛型反射实例
package junior;
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.util.*;
public class GenericReflectionTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// read class name from command line args or user input
String name;
if (args.length > 0)
name = args[0];
else {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out
.println("Enter class name (e.g. java.util.Collections): ");
name = in.next();
}
try {
// print generic info for class and public methods
Class<?> cl = Class.forName(name);
printClass(cl);
for (Method m : cl.getDeclaredMethods())
printMethod(m);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void printClass(Class<?> cl) {
System.out.print(cl);
printTypes(cl.getTypeParameters(), "<", ", ", ">", true);
Type sc = cl.getGenericSuperclass();
if (sc != null) {
System.out.print(" extends ");
printType(sc, false);
}
printTypes(cl.getGenericInterfaces(), " implements ", ", ", "", false);
System.out.println();
}
public static void printMethod(Method m) {
String name = m.getName();
System.out.print(Modifier.toString(m.getModifiers()));
System.out.print(" ");
printTypes(m.getTypeParameters(), "<", ", ", "> ", true);
printType(m.getGenericReturnType(), false);
System.out.print(" ");
System.out.print(name);
System.out.print("(");
printTypes(m.getGenericParameterTypes(), "", ", ", "", false);
System.out.println(")");
}
public static void printTypes(Type[] types, String pre, String sep,
String suf, boolean isDefinition) {
if (pre.equals(" extends ")
&& Arrays.equals(types, new Type[] { Object.class }))
return;
if (types.length > 0)
System.out.print(pre);
for (int i = 0; i < types.length; i++) {
if (i > 0)
System.out.print(sep);
printType(types[i], isDefinition);
}
if (types.length > 0)
System.out.print(suf);
}
public static void printType(Type type, boolean isDefinition) {
if (type instanceof Class) {
Class<?> t = (Class<?>) type;
System.out.print(t.getName());
} else if (type instanceof TypeVariable) {
TypeVariable<?> t = (TypeVariable<?>) type;
System.out.print(t.getName());
if (isDefinition)
printTypes(t.getBounds(), " extends ", " & ", "", false);
} else if (type instanceof WildcardType) {
WildcardType t = (WildcardType) type;
System.out.print("?");
printTypes(t.getUpperBounds(), " extends ", " & ", "", false);
printTypes(t.getLowerBounds(), " super ", " & ", "", false);
} else if (type instanceof ParameterizedType) {
ParameterizedType t = (ParameterizedType) type;
Type owner = t.getOwnerType();
if (owner != null) {
printType(owner, false);
System.out.print(".");
}
printType(t.getRawType(), false);
printTypes(t.getActualTypeArguments(), "<", ", ", ">", false);
} else if (type instanceof GenericArrayType) {
GenericArrayType t = (GenericArrayType) type;
System.out.print("");
printType(t.getGenericComponentType(), isDefinition);
System.out.print("[]");
}
}
}
运行结果如下
java核心编程中的反射笔记。欢迎评论。