Codeforces Round #341 (Div. 2)--C. Wet Shark and Flowers

C. Wet Shark and Flowers

time limit per test

2 seconds

memory limit per test

256 megabytes

input

standard input

output

standard output

There are n sharks who grow flowers for Wet Shark. They are all sitting around the table, such that sharks i and i + 1 are neighbours for all i from 1 to n - 1. Sharks n and 1 are neighbours too.

Each shark will grow some number of flowers si. For i-th shark value si is random integer equiprobably chosen in range from li to ri. Wet Shark has it's favourite prime number p, and he really likes it! If for any pair of neighbouring sharks i and j the product si·sj is divisible by p, then Wet Shark becomes happy and gives 1000 dollars to each of these sharks.

At the end of the day sharks sum all the money Wet Shark granted to them. Find the expectation of this value.

Input

The first line of the input contains two space-separated integers n and p (3 ≤ n ≤ 100 000, 2 ≤ p ≤ 109) — the number of sharks and Wet Shark's favourite prime number. It is guaranteed that p is prime.

The i-th of the following n lines contains information about i-th shark — two space-separated integers li and ri (1 ≤ li ≤ ri ≤ 109), the range of flowers shark i can produce. Remember that si is chosen equiprobably among all integers from li to ri, inclusive.

Output

Print a single real number — the expected number of dollars that the sharks receive in total. You answer will be considered correct if its absolute or relative error does not exceed 10 - 6.

Namely: let's assume that your answer is a, and the answer of the jury is b. The checker program will consider your answer correct, if .

Sample test(s)

input

3 2
1 2
420 421
420420 420421

output

4500.0

input

3 5
1 4
2 3
11 14

output

0.0

Note

A prime number is a positive integer number that is divisible only by 1 and itself. 1 is not considered to be prime.

Consider the first sample. First shark grows some number of flowers from 1 to 2, second sharks grows from 420 to 421 flowers and third from 420420 to 420421. There are eight cases for the quantities of flowers (s0, s1, s2) each shark grows:

1. (1, 420, 420420): note that s0·s1 = 420, s1·s2 = 176576400, and s2·s0 = 420420. For each pair, 1000 dollars will be awarded to each shark. Therefore, each shark will be awarded 2000 dollars, for a total of 6000 dollars.
2. (1, 420, 420421): now, the product s2·s0 is not divisible by 2. Therefore, sharks s0 and s2 will receive 1000 dollars, while shark s1will receive 2000. The total is 4000.
3. (1, 421, 420420): total is 4000
4. (1, 421, 420421): total is 0.
5. (2, 420, 420420): total is 6000.
6. (2, 420, 420421): total is 6000.
7. (2, 421, 420420): total is 6000.
8. (2, 421, 420421): total is 4000.

The expected value is .

In the second sample, no combination of quantities will garner the sharks any money.

----

比赛读错了题意，比赛一直在想如何暴力搜索，其实是一个求数学期望的题目。

这个题也学到了不少东西！

大体题意：

给你n个区间和一个数字p，让你求从每一个区间选出一个数，使得这个n个数的相互邻居乘积整除p，若整除p，则给2000，否则不给，求钱数学期望。注意最后一个和第一个为邻居！

分析：

1。看起来，相当麻烦。其实就套用了一个公式：

我们知道，从1，2，3.。。。。。N中整除p的数字个数为N/p，根据这个道理，我们可以知道！

在一个区间[ l , r ];中，选择一个数整除P的概率为((r / p) - (l-1)/p)/(r+1-l),理解很好理解，就前r个数整除p的个数减去前l个数整除p的个数，再除以总情况即可！

2。概率解决后，把每个区间都算出来！

3.扫面所有的邻居，可以让sum加整除p的概率，最后乘以2000即可。两个邻居有一个整除，则这个数就整除，所以算对立事件！

代码如下：

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
using namespace std;
const int maxn = 1e5+5;
double prob[maxn];

int main()
{
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    int n,p;
    while(cin >> n >> p){

        int l,r;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i){
            cin >> l >> r;
            prob[i] = (double)(r/p - (l-1)/p)/(r+1-l);
        }
        double sum = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i){
            int j = (i+1)%n;
            sum += 1.0 - (1-prob[i])*(1-prob[j]);
        }
        printf("%.8lf\n",sum * 2000);
    }
    return 0;
}