Struts2是什么?
Struts2是一个基于MVC设计模式的Web应用框架，它本质上相当于一个servlet，在MVC设计模式中，Struts2作为控制器(Controller)来建立模型与视图的数据交互
Struts2的使用优势(表面):
1.自动封装参数
2.参数校验
3.结果的处理(转发|重定向)
4.国际化
5.显示等待页面
6.表单防止重复提交
struts2具有更加先进的架构以及思想
struts2的历史:
1.struts2与struts1区别就是技术上没有什么关系,Struts 2的体系结构与Struts 1的体系结构差别巨大
2.struts2的前身是webwork框架
搭建struts2框架的步骤
1.导包
2.书写Action类
3.书写src/struts.xml
4.将struts2核心过滤器配置到web.xml
框架展示
请求到使用struts2框架的流程
拦截器:
1.表面上看,拦截器帮我们封装了很多功能
2.拦截器优秀的设计,可拔插式设计
3.aop思想,面向切面编程,概念如下图所示,filter就是这样一种编程思想
拦截器可以实现与filter类似的功能,配置了action后不需每个servlet都书写配置参数的语句
struts.xml配置详解
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
<!-- package:将Action配置封装,就是可以在package中配置很多action
name属性:包的名字,起标识作用,不能与其他包名重复
namespace属性:给action的访问路径定义一个命名空间
extends属性:继承一个指定包
abstract属性:包是否为抽象;标识性属性,标识该包不能独立运行,专门被继承
-->
<package name="hello" namespace="/hello" extends="struts-default">
<!-- action元素:配置action类
name属性:决定了Action访问资源名
method属性:指定调用Action中的哪个方法来处理请求
-->
<action name="HelloAction" class="com.zzh.struts2.Demo.HelloAction" method="hello">
<!-- result元素:结果配置
name属性:标识结果处理的名称,与action方法的返回值对应
type属性:指定调用哪一个result类来处理结果,默认使用转发
标签体:填写页面的相对路径
-->
<result name="success" type="dispatcher">/hello.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
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<struts>
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<!-- package:将Action配置封装,就是可以在package中配置很多action
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name属性:包的名字,起标识作用,不能与其他包名重复
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namespace属性:给action的访问路径定义一个命名空间
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extends属性:继承一个指定包
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abstract属性:包是否为抽象;标识性属性,标识该包不能独立运行,专门被继承
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-->
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<package name="hello" namespace="/hello" extends="struts-default">
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<!-- action元素:配置action类
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name属性:决定了Action访问资源名
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method属性:指定调用Action中的哪个方法来处理请求
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-->
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<action name="HelloAction" class="com.zzh.struts2.Demo.HelloAction" method="hello">
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<!-- result元素:结果配置
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name属性:标识结果处理的名称,与action方法的返回值对应
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type属性:指定调用哪一个result类来处理结果,默认使用转发
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标签体:填写页面的相对路径
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-->
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<result name="success" type="dispatcher">/hello.jsp</result>
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</action>
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</package>
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</struts>
struts2常量配置
1.默认常量配置位置
2.修改struts2常量配置(方式顺序就是加载顺序)
(1)方式一:在src/struts.xml下修改(在实际开发中比较常用)
(2)方式二:在src下创建struts.properties
(3)方式三:在项目的web.xml中
常见常量配置
<!-- i18n:国际化,解决post提交乱码 -->
<constant name="struts.i18n.encoding" value="UTF-8"></constant>
<!-- 指访问action时的后缀名 -->
<constant name="struts.action.extension" value="action,,"></constant>
<!-- 指定struts2是否以开发模式运行
1.热加载主配置(不需要重启即可生效)
2.提供更多错误信息输出,方便开发时的调试
-->
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true"></constant>
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<!-- i18n:国际化,解决post提交乱码 -->
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<constant name="struts.i18n.encoding" value="UTF-8"></constant>
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<!-- 指访问action时的后缀名 -->
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<constant name="struts.action.extension" value="action,,"></constant>
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<!-- 指定struts2是否以开发模式运行
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1.热加载主配置(不需要重启即可生效)
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2.提供更多错误信息输出,方便开发时的调试
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-->
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<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true"></constant>
struts2配置的进阶
1.动态方法调用(重点)
(1)了解即可,这种方法在搜索引擎中由于地址过于复杂会被搜索引擎不理解
(2)星号通配符
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
<package name="dynamic" namespace="/dynamic" extends="struts-default">
<!-- 动态方法调用方式2:通配符方式
使用{1}取出第一个星号通配的内容
-->
<action name="Demo1Action_*" class="com.zzh.struts2.dynamic.Demo1Action" method="{1}">
<result name="success">/hello.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
<include file="com/zzh/struts2/Demo/struts.xml"></include>
</struts>
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<struts>
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<package name="dynamic" namespace="/dynamic" extends="struts-default">
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<!-- 动态方法调用方式2:通配符方式
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使用{1}取出第一个星号通配的内容
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-->
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<action name="Demo1Action_*" class="com.zzh.struts2.dynamic.Demo1Action" method="{1}">
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<result name="success">/hello.jsp</result>
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</action>
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</package>
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<include file="com/zzh/struts2/Demo/struts.xml"></include>
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</struts>
2.struts2中的默认配置(了解)
method属性:execute
result的name属性:success
result的type属性:dispatcher
result的class属性:com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport
action类详解
方式一:
package com.zzh.struts2.api;
//方式1:创建一个普通类POJO
//POJO:不用继承任何父类,也不需要实现任何接口
//使struts2框架的代码侵入性更低
public class Demo1Action {
}
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package com.zzh.struts2.api;
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//方式1:创建一个普通类POJO
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//POJO:不用继承任何父类,也不需要实现任何接口
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//使struts2框架的代码侵入性更低
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public class Demo1Action {
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}
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方式二:
package com.zzh.struts2.api;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
//方式2:实现一个接口Action
//里面有execute方法,提供action方法的规范
//Action接口预置了一些字符串,可以在返回结果时使用,为了方便
public class Demo2Action implements Action{
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
return null;
}
}
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package com.zzh.struts2.api;
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import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
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//方式2:实现一个接口Action
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//里面有execute方法,提供action方法的规范
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//Action接口预置了一些字符串,可以在返回结果时使用,为了方便
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public class Demo2Action implements Action{
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public String execute() throws Exception {
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return null;
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}
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}
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方式三:
package com.zzh.struts2.api;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
//方式3:继承ActionSupport类
//帮我们实现了Validateable ValidationAware TextProvider LocaleProvider
//如果需要用到这些接口的实现时,不需要自己来实现
public class Demo3Action extends ActionSupport{
}
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package com.zzh.struts2.api;
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import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
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//方式3:继承ActionSupport类
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//帮我们实现了Validateable ValidationAware TextProvider LocaleProvider
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//如果需要用到这些接口的实现时,不需要自己来实现
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public class Demo3Action extends ActionSupport{
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}
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day01复习总结:
结果跳转方式
1.转发
<!-- 转发 -->
<action name="Demo1Action" class="com.zzh.struts.result.Demo1Action" method="execute">
<result name="success">/hello.jsp</result>
</action>
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<!-- 转发 -->
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<action name="Demo1Action" class="com.zzh.struts.result.Demo1Action" method="execute">
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<result name="success">/hello.jsp</result>
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</action>
2.重定向
<!-- 重定向 -->
<action name="Demo2Action" class="com.zzh.struts.result.Demo2Action" method="execute">
<result name="success" type="redirect">/hello.jsp</result>
</action>
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<!-- 重定向 -->
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<action name="Demo2Action" class="com.zzh.struts.result.Demo2Action" method="execute">
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<result name="success" type="redirect">/hello.jsp</result>
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</action>
3.转发到Action
<!-- 转发到Action -->
<action name="Demo3Action" class="com.zzh.struts.result.Demo3Action" method="execute">
<result name="success" type="chain">
<!-- 转发到的action名 -->
<param name="actionName">Demo1Action</param>
<!-- action所在的命名空间 -->
<param name="namespace">/</param>
</result>
</action>
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<!-- 转发到Action -->
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<action name="Demo3Action" class="com.zzh.struts.result.Demo3Action" method="execute">
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<result name="success" type="chain">
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<!-- 转发到的action名 -->
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<param name="actionName">Demo1Action</param>
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<!-- action所在的命名空间 -->
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<param name="namespace">/</param>
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</result>
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</action>
4.重定向到Action
<!-- 重定向到Action -->
<action name="Demo4Action" class="com.zzh.struts.result.Demo4Action" method="execute">
<result name="success" type="redirectAction">
<!-- 重定向到的action名 -->
<param name="actionName">Demo2Action</param>
<!-- action所在的命名空间 -->
<param name="namespace">/</param>
</result>
</action>
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<!-- 重定向到Action -->
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<action name="Demo4Action" class="com.zzh.struts.result.Demo4Action" method="execute">
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<result name="success" type="redirectAction">
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<!-- 重定向到的action名 -->
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<param name="actionName">Demo2Action</param>
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<!-- action所在的命名空间 -->
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<param name="namespace">/</param>
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</result>
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</action>
struts2获得servletAPI
ActionContext:
ActionContext是Action的上下文，Struts2自动在其中保存了一些在Action执行过程中所需的对象，比如session, parameters, locale等。Struts2会根据每个执行HTTP请求的线程来创建对应的ActionContext，即一个线程有一个唯一的ActionContext。因此，使用者可以使用静态方法ActionContext.getContext()来获取当前线程ActionContext,也正是由于这个原因，使用者不用去操心让Action是线程安全的。
1.通过ActionContext
package com.zzh.struts.api;
import java.util.Map;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class Demo5Action extends ActionSupport{
public String execute() throws Exception {
//request域 =>Map (struts2并不推荐使用原声request域)
//不推荐
Map<String,Object> requestScope = (Map<String, Object>) ActionContext.getContext().get("request");
//推荐
ActionContext.getContext().put("name", "requestTom");
//session域 =>Map
Map<String, Object> sessionScope = ActionContext.getContext().getSession();
sessionScope.put("name", "sessionTom");
//application域 =>Map
Map<String, Object> applicationScope = ActionContext.getContext().getApplication();
applicationScope.put("name","applicationTom");
return SUCCESS;
}
}
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package com.zzh.struts.api;
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import java.util.Map;
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import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
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import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
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public class Demo5Action extends ActionSupport{
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public String execute() throws Exception {
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//request域 =>Map (struts2并不推荐使用原声request域)
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//不推荐
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Map<String,Object> requestScope = (Map<String, Object>) ActionContext.getContext().get("request");
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//推荐
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ActionContext.getContext().put("name", "requestTom");
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//session域 =>Map
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Map<String, Object> sessionScope = ActionContext.getContext().getSession();
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sessionScope.put("name", "sessionTom");
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//application域 =>Map
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Map<String, Object> applicationScope = ActionContext.getContext().getApplication();
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applicationScope.put("name","applicationTom");
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return SUCCESS;
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}
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}
2.通过ServletActionContext
public class Demo6Action extends ActionSupport{
//不推荐使用
public String execute() throws Exception {
//原生request
HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
//原生session
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
//原生response
HttpServletResponse response = ServletActionContext.getResponse();
//原生servletContext
ServletContext servletContext = ServletActionContext.getServletContext();
return SUCCESS;
}
}
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public class Demo6Action extends ActionSupport{
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//不推荐使用
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public String execute() throws Exception {
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//原生request
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HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
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//原生session
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HttpSession session = request.getSession();
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//原生response
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HttpServletResponse response = ServletActionContext.getResponse();
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//原生servletContext
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ServletContext servletContext = ServletActionContext.getServletContext();
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return SUCCESS;
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}
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}
3.使用实现ServletXXXAware接口
public class Demo7Action extends ActionSupport implements ServletRequestAware{
private HttpServletRequest request;
public String execute() throws Exception {
System.out.println("原生request");
return SUCCESS;
}
public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
this.request=request;
}
}
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public class Demo7Action extends ActionSupport implements ServletRequestAware{
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private HttpServletRequest request;
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public String execute() throws Exception {
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System.out.println("原生request");
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return SUCCESS;
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}
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public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
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this.request=request;
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}
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}
MVC设计思想
如何获得参数
Action的生命周期:
1.每次请求到来时,都会创建一个新的Action实例
2.Action是线程安全的,可以使用成员变量接收
package com.zzh.struts.param;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
//如何获得参数
//每次请求Action时都会创建新的Action实例对象
public class Demo8Action extends ActionSupport{
//准备与参数键名称相同的属性
private String name;
//自动类型转换,只能转换八大基本数据类型以及对应包装类
private Integer age;
//支持特定类型字符串转换为Date,例如yyyy-MM-dd
private Date birthday;
public String execute() throws Exception {
System.out.println("name参数值"+name+",age参数值:"+age+",birthday参数值:"+birthday);
return SUCCESS;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Date getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
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package com.zzh.struts.param;
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import java.util.Date;
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import java.util.Map;
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import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
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import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
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import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
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import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
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import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
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import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware;
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import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
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import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
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//如何获得参数
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//每次请求Action时都会创建新的Action实例对象
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public class Demo8Action extends ActionSupport{
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//准备与参数键名称相同的属性
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private String name;
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//自动类型转换,只能转换八大基本数据类型以及对应包装类
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private Integer age;
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//支持特定类型字符串转换为Date,例如yyyy-MM-dd
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private Date birthday;
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public String execute() throws Exception {
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System.out.println("name参数值"+name+",age参数值:"+age+",birthday参数值:"+birthday);
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return SUCCESS;
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}
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public Integer getAge() {
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return age;
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}
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public void setAge(Integer age) {
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this.age = age;
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}
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public Date getBirthday() {
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return birthday;
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}
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public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
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this.birthday = birthday;
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}
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public String getName() {
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return name;
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}
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public void setName(String name) {
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this.name = name;
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}
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}
对象驱动:
package com.zzh.struts.param;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.zzh.struts.domain.User;
//如何获得参数
//每次请求Action时都会创建新的Action实例对象
public class Demo9Action extends ActionSupport{
//准备USER对象
private User user;
public String execute() throws Exception {
System.out.println(user);
return SUCCESS;
}
public User getUser() {
return user;
}
public void setUser(User user) {
this.user = user;
}
}
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package com.zzh.struts.param;
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import java.util.Date;
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import java.util.Map;
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import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
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import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
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import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
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import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
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import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
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import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware;
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import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
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import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
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import com.zzh.struts.domain.User;
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//如何获得参数
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//每次请求Action时都会创建新的Action实例对象
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public class Demo9Action extends ActionSupport{
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//准备USER对象
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private User user;
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public String execute() throws Exception {
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System.out.println(user);
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return SUCCESS;
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}
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public User getUser() {
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return user;
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}
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public void setUser(User user) {
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this.user = user;
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}
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}
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/Demo9Action">
用户名:<input type="text" name="user.name"><br>
年龄:<input type="text" name="user.age"><br>
生日:<input type="text" name="user.birthday"><br>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
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<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/Demo9Action">
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用户名:<input type="text" name="user.name"><br>
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年龄:<input type="text" name="user.age"><br>
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生日:<input type="text" name="user.birthday"><br>
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<input type="submit" value="提交">
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</form>
模型驱动:
public class Demo10Action extends ActionSupport implements ModelDriven<User>{
//准备USER 成员变量
private User user = new User();
public String execute() throws Exception {
System.out.println(user);
return SUCCESS;
}
@Override
public User getModel() {
return user;
}
}
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public class Demo10Action extends ActionSupport implements ModelDriven<User>{
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//准备USER 成员变量
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private User user = new User();
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public String execute() throws Exception {
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System.out.println(user);
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return SUCCESS;
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}
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public User getModel() {
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return user;
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}
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}
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/Demo10Action">
用户名:<input type="text" name="name"><br>
年龄:<input type="text" name="age"><br>
生日:<input type="text" name="birthday"><br>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
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<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/Demo10Action">
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用户名:<input type="text" name="name"><br>
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年龄:<input type="text" name="age"><br>
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生日:<input type="text" name="birthday"><br>
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<input type="submit" value="提交">
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</form>
集合类型封装
struts_day02总结复习
OGNL表达式
OGNL:对象视图导航语言.${user.addr.name}这种写法就叫对象视图导航
OGNL不仅仅可以视图导航,支持比EL表达式更加丰富的功能
一.使用OGNL准备工作
1.导包:struts2的包中已经包含了ognl.jar包,不需要导入额外的jar包
2.代码准备:
OGNL表达式和EL表达式的取值范围:
1.基本取值
//Ognl基本语法演示
//取出root中的属性值
@Test
public void fun2() throws OgnlException {
//准备OGNLContext
//准备Root
User rootUser = new User("zzh",21);
//准备Context
Map<String,User> context = new HashMap<String,User>();
context.put("user1", new User("jack",18));
context.put("user2", new User("rose",22));
OgnlContext oc = new OgnlContext();
oc.setRoot(rootUser);
oc.setValues(context);
//书写OGNL
//取出root中user对象的name属性
String name = (String) Ognl.getValue("name", oc, oc.getRoot());
//取出root中user对象的age属性
Integer age = (Integer) Ognl.getValue("age", oc, oc.getRoot());
System.out.println(name);
System.out.println(age);
}
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//Ognl基本语法演示
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//取出root中的属性值
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public void fun2() throws OgnlException {
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//准备OGNLContext
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//准备Root
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User rootUser = new User("zzh",21);
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//准备Context
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Map<String,User> context = new HashMap<String,User>();
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context.put("user1", new User("jack",18));
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context.put("user2", new User("rose",22));
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OgnlContext oc = new OgnlContext();
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oc.setRoot(rootUser);
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oc.setValues(context);
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//书写OGNL
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//取出root中user对象的name属性
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String name = (String) Ognl.getValue("name", oc, oc.getRoot());
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//取出root中user对象的age属性
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Integer age = (Integer) Ognl.getValue("age", oc, oc.getRoot());
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System.out.println(name);
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System.out.println(age);
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}
//Ognl基本语法演示
//取出context中的属性值
@Test
public void fun3() throws OgnlException {
//准备OGNLContext
//准备Root
User rootUser = new User("zzh",21);
//准备Context
Map<String,User> context = new HashMap<String,User>();
context.put("user1", new User("jack",18));
context.put("user2", new User("rose",22));
OgnlContext oc = new OgnlContext();
oc.setRoot(rootUser);
oc.setValues(context);
//书写OGNL
//取出context中user对象的name属性 #代表从域中取值
String name = (String) Ognl.getValue("#user1.name", oc, oc.getRoot());
//取出context中user对象的age属性
Integer age = (Integer) Ognl.getValue("#user2.age", oc, oc.getRoot());
System.out.println(name);
System.out.println(age);
}
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//Ognl基本语法演示
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//取出context中的属性值
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public void fun3() throws OgnlException {
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//准备OGNLContext
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//准备Root
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User rootUser = new User("zzh",21);
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//准备Context
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Map<String,User> context = new HashMap<String,User>();
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context.put("user1", new User("jack",18));
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context.put("user2", new User("rose",22));
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OgnlContext oc = new OgnlContext();
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oc.setRoot(rootUser);
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oc.setValues(context);
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//书写OGNL
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//取出context中user对象的name属性 #代表从域中取值
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String name = (String) Ognl.getValue("#user1.name", oc, oc.getRoot());
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//取出context中user对象的age属性
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Integer age = (Integer) Ognl.getValue("#user2.age", oc, oc.getRoot());
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System.out.println(name);
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System.out.println(age);
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}
2.赋值
//Ognl基本语法演示
//为属性赋值
@Test
public void fun4() throws OgnlException {
//准备OGNLContext
//准备Root
User rootUser = new User("zzh",21);
//准备Context
Map<String,User> context = new HashMap<String,User>();
context.put("user1", new User("jack",18));
context.put("user2", new User("rose",22));
OgnlContext oc = new OgnlContext();
//将rootUser作为root部分
oc.setRoot(rootUser);
//将context这个Map作为Context对象
oc.setValues(context);
//书写OGNL
//将root中的user对象的name属性赋值
Ognl.getValue("name='朱展鸿'", oc, oc.getRoot());
//取出context中user对象的age属性
String name = (String) Ognl.getValue("name", oc, oc.getRoot());
Integer age = (Integer) Ognl.getValue("#user1.age='11',#user1.age", context, oc.getRoot());
System.out.println(name);
System.out.println(age);
}
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//Ognl基本语法演示
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//为属性赋值
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public void fun4() throws OgnlException {
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//准备OGNLContext
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//准备Root
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User rootUser = new User("zzh",21);
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//准备Context
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Map<String,User> context = new HashMap<String,User>();
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context.put("user1", new User("jack",18));
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context.put("user2", new User("rose",22));
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OgnlContext oc = new OgnlContext();
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//将rootUser作为root部分
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oc.setRoot(rootUser);
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//将context这个Map作为Context对象
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oc.setValues(context);
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//书写OGNL
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//将root中的user对象的name属性赋值
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Ognl.getValue("name='朱展鸿'", oc, oc.getRoot());
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//取出context中user对象的age属性
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String name = (String) Ognl.getValue("name", oc, oc.getRoot());
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Integer age = (Integer) Ognl.getValue("#user1.age='11',#user1.age", context, oc.getRoot());
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System.out.println(name);
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System.out.println(age);
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}
3.调用方法
//Ognl基本语法演示
//调用方法
@Test
public void fun5() throws OgnlException {
//准备OGNLContext
//准备Root
User rootUser = new User("zzh",21);
//准备Context
Map<String,User> context = new HashMap<String,User>();
context.put("user1", new User("jack",18));
context.put("user2", new User("rose",22));
OgnlContext oc = new OgnlContext();
oc.setRoot(rootUser);
oc.setValues(context);
//书写OGNL
//调用root中的set方法
Ognl.getValue("setName('??')", oc, oc.getRoot());
//取出context中user对象的age属性
String name = (String) Ognl.getValue("getName()", oc, oc.getRoot());
System.out.println(name);
}
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//Ognl基本语法演示
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//调用方法
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public void fun5() throws OgnlException {
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//准备OGNLContext
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//准备Root
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User rootUser = new User("zzh",21);
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//准备Context
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Map<String,User> context = new HashMap<String,User>();
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context.put("user1", new User("jack",18));
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context.put("user2", new User("rose",22));
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OgnlContext oc = new OgnlContext();
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oc.setRoot(rootUser);
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oc.setValues(context);
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//书写OGNL
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//调用root中的set方法
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Ognl.getValue("setName('??')", oc, oc.getRoot());
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//取出context中user对象的age属性
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String name = (String) Ognl.getValue("getName()", oc, oc.getRoot());
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System.out.println(name);
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}
4.调用静态方法
//Ognl基本语法演示
//调用静态方法
@Test
public void fun6() throws OgnlException {
//准备OGNLContext
//准备Root
User rootUser = new User("zzh",21);
//准备Context
Map<String,User> context = new HashMap<String,User>();
context.put("user1", new User("jack",18));
context.put("user2", new User("rose",22));
OgnlContext oc = new OgnlContext();
oc.setRoot(rootUser);
oc.setValues(context);
//书写OGNL
//调用静态方法
String test = (String) Ognl.getValue("@com.zzh.struts.utils.HahaUtils@echo('lalala')", oc, oc.getRoot());
//Double pi = (Double) Ognl.getValue("@java.lang.Math@PI", oc, oc.getRoot());
Double pi = (Double) Ognl.getValue("@@PI", oc, oc.getRoot());
System.out.println(test);
System.out.println(pi);
}
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//Ognl基本语法演示
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//调用静态方法
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public void fun6() throws OgnlException {
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//准备OGNLContext
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//准备Root
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User rootUser = new User("zzh",21);
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//准备Context
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Map<String,User> context = new HashMap<String,User>();
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context.put("user1", new User("jack",18));
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context.put("user2", new User("rose",22));
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OgnlContext oc = new OgnlContext();
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oc.setRoot(rootUser);
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oc.setValues(context);
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//书写OGNL
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//调用静态方法
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String test = (String) Ognl.getValue("@com.zzh.struts.utils.HahaUtils@echo('lalala')", oc, oc.getRoot());
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//Double pi = (Double) Ognl.getValue("@java.lang.Math@PI", oc, oc.getRoot());
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Double pi = (Double) Ognl.getValue("@@PI", oc, oc.getRoot());
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System.out.println(test);
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System.out.println(pi);
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}
5.创建List|Map对象
//Ognl基本语法演示
//ognl创建对象 List|Map对象
@Test
public void fun7() throws OgnlException {
//准备OGNLContext
//准备Root
User rootUser = new User("zzh",21);
//准备Context
Map<String,User> context = new HashMap<String,User>();
context.put("user1", new User("jack",18));
context.put("user2", new User("rose",22));
OgnlContext oc = new OgnlContext();
oc.setRoot(rootUser);
oc.setValues(context);
//书写OGNL
//创建List对象
Integer size = (Integer) Ognl.getValue("{'zzh','jerry','tom'}.size()", oc, oc.getRoot());
String test1 = (String) Ognl.getValue("{'zzh','jerry','tom'}[0]", oc, oc.getRoot());
String test2 = (String) Ognl.getValue("{'zzh','jerry','tom'}.get(1)", oc, oc.getRoot());
System.out.println(size);
System.out.println(test1);
System.out.println(test2);
//#表示的是创建一个Map对象
Integer size2 = (Integer) Ognl.getValue("#{'name':'zzh','age':18}.size()", oc, oc.getRoot());
String test3 = (String) Ognl.getValue("#{'name':'zzh','age':18}['name']", oc, oc.getRoot());
System.out.println(size2);
System.out.println(test3);
}
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//Ognl基本语法演示
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//ognl创建对象 List|Map对象
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public void fun7() throws OgnlException {
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//准备OGNLContext
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//准备Root
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User rootUser = new User("zzh",21);
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//准备Context
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Map<String,User> context = new HashMap<String,User>();
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context.put("user1", new User("jack",18));
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context.put("user2", new User("rose",22));
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OgnlContext oc = new OgnlContext();
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oc.setRoot(rootUser);
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oc.setValues(context);
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//书写OGNL
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//创建List对象
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Integer size = (Integer) Ognl.getValue("{'zzh','jerry','tom'}.size()", oc, oc.getRoot());
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String test1 = (String) Ognl.getValue("{'zzh','jerry','tom'}[0]", oc, oc.getRoot());
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String test2 = (String) Ognl.getValue("{'zzh','jerry','tom'}.get(1)", oc, oc.getRoot());
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System.out.println(size);
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System.out.println(test1);
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System.out.println(test2);
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//#表示的是创建一个Map对象
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Integer size2 = (Integer) Ognl.getValue("#{'name':'zzh','age':18}.size()", oc, oc.getRoot());
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String test3 = (String) Ognl.getValue("#{'name':'zzh','age':18}['name']", oc, oc.getRoot());
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System.out.println(size2);
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System.out.println(test3);
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}
Struts2与OGNL表达式的结合
结合原理:
栈原理:
查看值栈中的两个部分
struts2和ognl结合体现:
1.参数接收
属性驱动:
对象驱动:
模型驱动:
package com.zzh.struts.param;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Preparable;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStack;
import com.zzh.struts.domain.User;
//模型驱动的本质就是preparable接口
public class Demo2Action extends ActionSupport implements Preparable{
User user = new User();
public String execute() throws Exception {
System.out.println(user);
return SUCCESS;
}
@Override
public void prepare() throws Exception {
//压入栈顶
//1.获得栈
ValueStack vs = ActionContext.getContext().getValueStack();
//2.压入栈顶
vs.push(user);
}
}
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package com.zzh.struts.param;
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3
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
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import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
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import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Preparable;
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import com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStack;
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import com.zzh.struts.domain.User;
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//模型驱动的本质就是preparable接口
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public class Demo2Action extends ActionSupport implements Preparable{
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User user = new User();
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public String execute() throws Exception {
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System.out.println(user);
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return SUCCESS;
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}
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public void prepare() throws Exception {
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//压入栈顶
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//1.获得栈
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ValueStack vs = ActionContext.getContext().getValueStack();
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//2.压入栈顶
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vs.push(user);
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}
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}
2.配置文件中
3.struts2标签(了解)
JSTL:java标准标签库
1.控制标签和数据标签
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="/struts-tags" prefix="s" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- 遍历标签iterator -->
<s:iterator value="#list">
<s:property /><br>
</s:iterator>
<hr>
<s:iterator value="#list" var="name">
<s:property value="#name"/><br>
</s:iterator>
<hr>
<s:iterator begin="1" end="100" step="1">
<s:property />
</s:iterator>
<hr>
<s:if test="#list.size()==4">
list长度为4
</s:if>
<s:elseif test="#list.size()==5">
list长度为5
</s:elseif>
<s:else>
list长度是个谜
</s:else>
<hr>
<s:property value="#list.size"/>
</body>
</html>
1
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1
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
2
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
3
<%@ taglib uri="/struts-tags" prefix="s" %>
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5
<html>
6
<head>
7
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
8
<title>Insert title here</title>
9
</head>
10
<body>
11
<!-- 遍历标签iterator -->
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<s:iterator value="#list">
13
<s:property /><br>
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</s:iterator>
15
<hr>
16
<s:iterator value="#list" var="name">
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<s:property value="#name"/><br>
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</s:iterator>
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<hr>
20
<s:iterator begin="1" end="100" step="1">
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<s:property />
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</s:iterator>
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<hr>
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<s:if test="#list.size()==4">
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list长度为4
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</s:if>
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<s:elseif test="#list.size()==5">
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list长度为5
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</s:elseif>
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<s:else>
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list长度是个谜
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</s:else>
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<hr>
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<s:property value="#list.size"/>
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</body>
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</html>
2.表单标签和非表单标签
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="/struts-tags" prefix="s" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<!--struts2表单标签 -->
<!-- 好处:
1.内置了一套样式
2.自动回显,根据栈中属性
-->
<s:form action="Demo2Action" namespace="/" theme="xhtml">
<s:textfield name="name" lable="用户名"></s:textfield>
<s:password name="password" lable="密码"></s:password>
<s:radio list="#{1:'男' 0:'女' }" name="gender" lable="性别"></s:radio>
<s:checkboxlist list="#{2:'diannao' 1:'dianshi' }" name="habits" lable="兴趣"></s:checkboxlist>
<s:select list="#{2:'大专' 3:'本科' }" headerKey="" headerValue="---请选择---" name="edu" lable="学历"></s:select>
<s:file name="img" lable="个人照片"></s:file>
<s:textarea name="desc" label="简介"></s:textarea>
<s:submit value="提交"></s:submit>
</s:form>
<s:actionerror/>
</body>
</html>
1
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<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
2
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
3
<%@ taglib uri="/struts-tags" prefix="s" %>
4
5
<html>
6
<head>
7
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
8
<title>Insert title here</title>
9
</head>
10
<body>
11
<!--struts2表单标签 -->
12
<!-- 好处:
13
1.内置了一套样式
14
2.自动回显,根据栈中属性
15
-->
16
<s:form action="Demo2Action" namespace="/" theme="xhtml">
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<s:textfield name="name" lable="用户名"></s:textfield>
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<s:password name="password" lable="密码"></s:password>
19
<s:radio list="#{1:'男' 0:'女' }" name="gender" lable="性别"></s:radio>
20
<s:checkboxlist list="#{2:'diannao' 1:'dianshi' }" name="habits" lable="兴趣"></s:checkboxlist>
21
<s:select list="#{2:'大专' 3:'本科' }" headerKey="" headerValue="---请选择---" name="edu" lable="学历"></s:select>
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<s:file name="img" lable="个人照片"></s:file>
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<s:textarea name="desc" label="简介"></s:textarea>
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<s:submit value="提交"></s:submit>
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</s:form>
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<s:actionerror/>
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</body>
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</html>
扩展内容-struts2流程源码
1.request对象的getAttribute方法
Ognl表达式复习:
自定义拦截器
interceptor的生命周期:项目启动的时候创建拦截器,项目结束时销毁拦截器
1.第一种方式:实现interceptor接口
package com.zzh.struts.interceptor;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.Interceptor;
public class MyInterceptor1 implements Interceptor{
public void destroy() {
}
public void init() {
}
public String intercept(ActionInvocation arg0) throws Exception {
return null;
}
}
x
1
package com.zzh.struts.interceptor;
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3
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;
4
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.Interceptor;
5
6
public class MyInterceptor1 implements Interceptor{
7
public void destroy() {
8
}
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10
public void init() {
11
}
12
13
public String intercept(ActionInvocation arg0) throws Exception {
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15
return null;
16
}
17
18
}
19
2.第二种方式:继承AbstractInterceptor类
package com.zzh.struts.interceptor;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AbstractInterceptor;
public class MyInterceptor2 extends AbstractInterceptor{
public String intercept(ActionInvocation arg0) throws Exception {
return null;
}
}x
1
package com.zzh.struts.interceptor;
2
3
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;
4
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AbstractInterceptor;
5
6
public class MyInterceptor2 extends AbstractInterceptor{
7
8
public String intercept(ActionInvocation arg0) throws Exception {
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10
return null;
11
}
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}
3.第三种方式:继承MethodFilterInterceptor类,功能--定制拦截器拦截的方法,定制哪些方法需要拦截,定制哪些方法不需要拦截
package com.zzh.struts.interceptor;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor;
public class MyInterceptor3 extends MethodFilterInterceptor{
protected String doIntercept(ActionInvocation arg0) throws Exception {
return null;
}
}x
1
package com.zzh.struts.interceptor;
2
3
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;
4
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor;
5
6
public class MyInterceptor3 extends MethodFilterInterceptor{
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8
protected String doIntercept(ActionInvocation arg0) throws Exception {
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10
return null;
11
}
12
13
}
4.拦截器api
5.拦截器配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true"></constant>
<package name="inter" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
<interceptors>
<!-- 1.注册拦截器 -->
<interceptor name="myInter3" class="com.zzh.struts.interceptor.MyInterceptor3"></interceptor>
<!-- 2.注册拦截器栈 -->
<interceptor-stack name="myStack">
<!-- 自定义拦截器引入(建议放在20个拦截器之前) -->
<interceptor-ref name="myInter3">
<!-- 指定哪些方法不拦截 -->
<param name="excludeMethods">add,find</param>
<!-- 指定哪些方法拦截
<param name="includeMethods">add,delete</param>
-->
</interceptor-ref>
<!-- 引用默认的拦截器栈(20个) -->
<interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"></interceptor-ref>
</interceptor-stack>
</interceptors>
<!-- 3.指定包中默认拦截器栈 -->
<default-interceptor-ref name="myStack"></default-interceptor-ref>
<action name="Demo1Action_*" class="com.zzh.struts.interceptor.Demo1Action" method="{1}">
<result name="success">/hello.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
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3
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<struts>
6
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true"></constant>
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<package name="inter" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
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<interceptors>
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<!-- 1.注册拦截器 -->
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<interceptor name="myInter3" class="com.zzh.struts.interceptor.MyInterceptor3"></interceptor>
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<!-- 2.注册拦截器栈 -->
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<interceptor-stack name="myStack">
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<!-- 自定义拦截器引入(建议放在20个拦截器之前) -->
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<interceptor-ref name="myInter3">
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<!-- 指定哪些方法不拦截 -->
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<param name="excludeMethods">add,find</param>
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<!-- 指定哪些方法拦截
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<param name="includeMethods">add,delete</param>
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-->
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</interceptor-ref>
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<!-- 引用默认的拦截器栈(20个) -->
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<interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"></interceptor-ref>
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</interceptor-stack>
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</interceptors>
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<!-- 3.指定包中默认拦截器栈 -->
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<default-interceptor-ref name="myStack"></default-interceptor-ref>
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<action name="Demo1Action_*" class="com.zzh.struts.interceptor.Demo1Action" method="{1}">
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<result name="success">/hello.jsp</result>
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</action>
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</package>
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</struts>
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