源码分析之——Android事件分发机制

1.源码分析之——AMS启动流程
2.源码分析之——WMS启动流程
3.源码分析之——SharedPreferences
4.源码分析之——Retrofit
5.源码分析之——OKHttp
6.源码分析之——Android事件分发机制

前言

基于源码，简单分析下Android事件分发机制。

流程图

源码分析

下面将从源码角度对以上流程进行分析。

做过Android开发的同学对于几大布局应该都很熟悉，像LinearLayout，RelativeLayout，FrameLayout，CoordinatorLayout等等。细心的同学就会发现这些布局全部继承自ViewGroup，既然是这样，那么我们应该可以断定事件分发这一块内容多半就是在ViewGroup里面了。当我们翻开ViewGroup源码是又发现它是继承自View的。说到这里有人估计会纳闷，这不科学呀。。。

首先我们来探讨一下，什么是 ViewGroup？它和普通的 View 有什么区别？

顾名思义，ViewGroup 就是一组 View 的集合，它包含很多的子 View 和子 VewGroup，是 Android 中所有布局的父类或间接父类。但 ViewGroup 实际上也是一个 View，只不过比起 View，它多了可以包含子 View 和定义布局参数的功能。好了，废话不多说，开始吧。

    public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
        if (ev.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
            onUserInteraction();
        }
        if (getWindow().superDispatchTouchEvent(ev)) {
            return true;
        }
        return onTouchEvent(ev);
    }

首先直接看Activity中的dispatchTouchEvent，该方法比较简单重点就是getWindow().superDispatchTouchEvent(ev)，这个Window大家应该知道具体实现类是PhoneWindow，进去看一下

    @Override
    public boolean superDispatchKeyEvent(KeyEvent event) {
        return mDecor.superDispatchKeyEvent(event);
    }

看完不难发现直接进入DecorView中的superDispatchKeyEvent()

    public boolean superDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        return super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
    }

那么好的就进入其父类吧，大家应该猜到了其父类是谁？没错就是开篇讲到的ViewGroup。

@Override
    public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
        ...
        boolean handled = false;
        if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(ev)) {
            // Check for interception.
            final boolean intercepted;
            if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
                    || mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
                final boolean disallowIntercept = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT) != 0;
                if (!disallowIntercept) {
                    **步骤1**
                    intercepted = onInterceptTouchEvent(ev);
                    ev.setAction(action); // restore action in case it was changed
                } else {
                    intercepted = false;
                }
            } else {
                // There are no touch targets and this action is not an initial down
                // so this view group continues to intercept touches.
                intercepted = true;
            }
            // Check for cancelation.
            final boolean canceled = resetCancelNextUpFlag(this)
                    || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL;

            // Update list of touch targets for pointer down, if needed.
            final boolean split = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_SPLIT_MOTION_EVENTS) != 0;
            TouchTarget newTouchTarget = null;
            boolean alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = false;
            if (!canceled && !intercepted) {

                // If the event is targeting accessibility focus we give it to the
                // view that has accessibility focus and if it does not handle it
                // we clear the flag and dispatch the event to all children as usual.
                // We are looking up the accessibility focused host to avoid keeping
                // state since these events are very rare.
                View childWithAccessibilityFocus = ev.isTargetAccessibilityFocus()
                        ? findChildWithAccessibilityFocus() : null;

                if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
                        || (split && actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_DOWN)
                        || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_HOVER_MOVE) {
                    final int childrenCount = mChildrenCount;
                    if (newTouchTarget == null && childrenCount != 0) {
                        final float x = ev.getX(actionIndex);
                        final float y = ev.getY(actionIndex);
                        // Find a child that can receive the event.
                        // Scan children from front to back.
                        final ArrayList<View> preorderedList = buildTouchDispatchChildList();
                        final boolean customOrder = preorderedList == null
                                && isChildrenDrawingOrderEnabled();
                        final View[] children = mChildren;
                        for (int i = childrenCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                            final int childIndex = getAndVerifyPreorderedIndex(
                                    childrenCount, i, customOrder);
                            final View child = getAndVerifyPreorderedView(
                                    preorderedList, children, childIndex);

                            // If there is a view that has accessibility focus we want it
                            // to get the event first and if not handled we will perform a
                            // normal dispatch. We may do a double iteration but this is
                            // safer given the timeframe.
                            if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != null) {
                                if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != child) {
                                    continue;
                                }
                                childWithAccessibilityFocus = null;
                                i = childrenCount - 1;
                            }

                            if (!child.canReceivePointerEvents()
                                    || !isTransformedTouchPointInView(x, y, child, null)) {
                                ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
                                continue;
                            }

                            newTouchTarget = getTouchTarget(child);
                            if (newTouchTarget != null) {
                                // Child is already receiving touch within its bounds.
                                // Give it the new pointer in addition to the ones it is handling.
                                newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits |= idBitsToAssign;
                                break;
                            }

                            resetCancelNextUpFlag(child);
                            **步骤2**
                            if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, false, child, idBitsToAssign)) {
                                // Child wants to receive touch within its bounds.
                                mLastTouchDownTime = ev.getDownTime();
                                if (preorderedList != null) {
                                    // childIndex points into presorted list, find original index
                                    for (int j = 0; j < childrenCount; j++) {
                                        if (children[childIndex] == mChildren[j]) {
                                            mLastTouchDownIndex = j;
                                            break;
                                        }
                                    }
                                } else {
                                    mLastTouchDownIndex = childIndex;
                                }
                                mLastTouchDownX = ev.getX();
                                mLastTouchDownY = ev.getY();
                                newTouchTarget = addTouchTarget(child, idBitsToAssign);
                                alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = true;
                                break;
                            }

                            // The accessibility focus didn't handle the event, so clear
                            // the flag and do a normal dispatch to all children.
                            ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
                        }
                        if (preorderedList != null) preorderedList.clear();
                    }
                }
            }
            ...
        }
        return handled;
    }

大家可以看到这个方法其实比较复杂的（注：删除与本文无关的代码），首先看“步骤1”，这个地方会获取onInterceptTouchEvent()的返回值，当为true则不继续往下传递，相反如果为false则执行“步骤2”。在我们自定义控件的时候可以重写该方法返回值来控制该由谁来消费Touch事件，这个与本文无关，就不细讲了。

/**
     * Transforms a motion event into the coordinate space of a particular child view,
     * filters out irrelevant pointer ids, and overrides its action if necessary.
     * If child is null, assumes the MotionEvent will be sent to this ViewGroup instead.
     */
    private boolean dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(MotionEvent event, boolean cancel,
            View child, int desiredPointerIdBits) {
        final boolean handled;

        // Canceling motions is a special case.  We don't need to perform any transformations
        // or filtering.  The important part is the action, not the contents.
        final int oldAction = event.getAction();
        if (cancel || oldAction == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL) {
            event.setAction(MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL);
            if (child == null) {
                handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
            } else {
                handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
            }
            event.setAction(oldAction);
            return handled;
        }
	}

可以看到当“child == null”则执行父类的dispatchTouchEvent()，反之则进入到子View的dispatchTouchEvent()，我们直接进入到View去看。

/**
     * Pass the touch screen motion event down to the target view, or this
     * view if it is the target.
     *
     * @param event The motion event to be dispatched.
     * @return True if the event was handled by the view, false otherwise.
     */
    public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        ...
        if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(event)) {
            if ((mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED && handleScrollBarDragging(event)) 
                result = true;
            }
            //noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
            ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
            if (li != null && li.mOnTouchListener != null
                    && (mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED
                    && li.mOnTouchListener.onTouch(this, event)) {
                result = true;
            }

            if (!result && onTouchEvent(event)) {
                result = true;
            }
        }
        ...
        return result;
    }

一方面当条件满足了就回掉onTouch()，然后调用onTouchEvent()，我们接着看onTouchEvent()

    /**
     * Implement this method to handle touch screen motion events.
     * <p>
     * If this method is used to detect click actions, it is recommended that
     * the actions be performed by implementing and calling
     * {@link #performClick()}. This will ensure consistent system behavior,
     * including:
     * <ul>
     * <li>obeying click sound preferences
     * <li>dispatching OnClickListener calls
     * <li>handling {@link AccessibilityNodeInfo#ACTION_CLICK ACTION_CLICK} when
     * accessibility features are enabled
     * </ul>
     *
     * @param event The motion event.
     * @return True if the event was handled, false otherwise.
     */
    public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
          ...
          if (clickable || (viewFlags & TOOLTIP) == TOOLTIP) {
            switch (action) {
                case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
                    if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PRESSED) != 0 || prepressed) {
                        if (!mHasPerformedLongPress && !mIgnoreNextUpEvent) {
                            // This is a tap, so remove the longpress check
                            removeLongPressCallback();
                            // Only perform take click actions if we were in the pressed state
                            if (!focusTaken) {
                                // Use a Runnable and post this rather than calling
                                // performClick directly. This lets other visual state
                                // of the view update before click actions start.
                                if (mPerformClick == null) {
                                    mPerformClick = new PerformClick();
                                }
                                if (!post(mPerformClick)) {
                                    performClickInternal();
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    break;

                case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
                    break;

                case MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL:
                    break;

                case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
                }
            return true;
        }
        ...
        return false;
    }

这个方法在源码里面大概有两百多行，主要处理手势事件，我对它进行了删减。我们看performClickInternal()，根据字面意思应该是click事件的，接着看

    private boolean performClickInternal() {
        // Must notify autofill manager before performing the click actions to avoid scenarios where
        // the app has a click listener that changes the state of views the autofill service might
        // be interested on.
        notifyAutofillManagerOnClick();

        return performClick();
    }

原来最终调用performClick()。

    public boolean performClick() {
        // We still need to call this method to handle the cases where performClick() was called
        // externally, instead of through performClickInternal()
        notifyAutofillManagerOnClick();

        final boolean result;
        final ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
        if (li != null && li.mOnClickListener != null) {
            playSoundEffect(SoundEffectConstants.CLICK);
            li.mOnClickListener.onClick(this);
            result = true;
        } else {
            result = false;
        }

        sendAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_VIEW_CLICKED);

        notifyEnterOrExitForAutoFillIfNeeded(true);

        return result;
    }

我们看见了onClick事件的回调了。然后最终回到页面，交给应用去处理。

到这里总体流程已经梳理完了，记录学习心得，感谢留言交流，共同学习。