源码分析之——Retrofit

1.源码分析之——AMS启动流程
2.源码分析之——WMS启动流程
3.源码分析之——SharedPreferences
4.源码分析之——Retrofit
5.源码分析之——OKHttp
6.源码分析之——Android事件分发机制

前言

基于源码，简单分析下Retrofit工作流程。

流程图

源码分析

下面将从Retrofit的创建到发送一个异步请求再到callback这一流程进行分析。Retrofit使用建造者模式进行创建，因此让我们从Builder开启源码分析之旅吧。注意：为了精简内容，部分不在分析之内的代码已省略，如果想深入学习的同学请查看详细源码
Retrofit源码

  public Retrofit build() {
      if (baseUrl == null) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Base URL required.");
      }

      okhttp3.Call.Factory callFactory = this.callFactory;
      if (callFactory == null) {
        callFactory = new OkHttpClient();
      }

      Executor callbackExecutor = this.callbackExecutor;
      if (callbackExecutor == null) {
        callbackExecutor = platform.defaultCallbackExecutor();
      }

      // Make a defensive copy of the adapters and add the default Call adapter.
      List<CallAdapter.Factory> callAdapterFactories = new ArrayList<>(this.callAdapterFactories);
      callAdapterFactories.addAll(platform.defaultCallAdapterFactories(callbackExecutor));

      // Make a defensive copy of the converters.
      List<Converter.Factory> converterFactories =
          new ArrayList<>(
              1 + this.converterFactories.size() + platform.defaultConverterFactoriesSize());

      // Add the built-in converter factory first. This prevents overriding its behavior but also
      // ensures correct behavior when using converters that consume all types.
      converterFactories.add(new BuiltInConverters());
      converterFactories.addAll(this.converterFactories);
      converterFactories.addAll(platform.defaultConverterFactories());

      return new Retrofit(
          callFactory,
          baseUrl,
          unmodifiableList(converterFactories),
          unmodifiableList(callAdapterFactories),
          callbackExecutor,
          validateEagerly);
    }

我们主要看一下platform.defaultCallAdapterFactories(callbackExecutor)，于是我们继续跟踪

  List<? extends CallAdapter.Factory> defaultCallAdapterFactories(
      @Nullable Executor callbackExecutor) {
    DefaultCallAdapterFactory executorFactory = new DefaultCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor);
    return hasJava8Types
        ? asList(CompletableFutureCallAdapterFactory.INSTANCE, executorFactory)
        : singletonList(executorFactory);
  }

一看这不就是new了一个DefaultCallAdapterFactory 对象嘛，看来重点不在这里，继续往下看

  public @Nullable CallAdapter<?, ?> get(
      Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations, Retrofit retrofit) {
    if (getRawType(returnType) != Call.class) {
      return null;
    }
    if (!(returnType instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
          "Call return type must be parameterized as Call<Foo> or Call<? extends Foo>");
    }
    final Type responseType = Utils.getParameterUpperBound(0, (ParameterizedType) returnType);

    final Executor executor =
        Utils.isAnnotationPresent(annotations, SkipCallbackExecutor.class)
            ? null
            : callbackExecutor;

    return new CallAdapter<Object, Call<?>>() {
      @Override
      public Type responseType() {
        return responseType;
      }

      @Override
      public Call<Object> adapt(Call<Object> call) {
        return executor == null ? call : new ExecutorCallbackCall<>(executor, call);
      }
    };
  }

从这部分我们不难发现调用了adapt()方法进行new ExecutorCallbackCall<>(executor, call)对象（为什么会调用该方法下面会讲到），继续跟踪到DefaultCallAdapterFactory中的内部类ExecutorCallbackCall，有一个enqueue()方法，看到这里我们不难发现，咦。。。OkHttpCall里面不也有这个方法嘛？没错，这个方法将直接调用OkHttpCall的enqueue()，下面就是OKHttp异步请求了。

    call.enqueue(
        new okhttp3.Callback() {
          @Override
          public void onResponse(okhttp3.Call call, okhttp3.Response rawResponse) {
            Response<T> response;
            try {
              response = parseResponse(rawResponse);
            } catch (Throwable e) {
              throwIfFatal(e);
              callFailure(e);
              return;
            }

            try {
              callback.onResponse(OkHttpCall.this, response);
            } catch (Throwable t) {
              throwIfFatal(t);
              t.printStackTrace(); // TODO this is not great
            }
          }

以上分析了Retrofit的builder和发送异步请求的过程，下面让我一起看下是如何一步一步从Retrofit到发送异步请求的。

  public <T> T create(final Class<T> service) {
    validateServiceInterface(service);
    return (T)
        Proxy.newProxyInstance(
            service.getClassLoader(),
            new Class<?>[] {service},
            new InvocationHandler() {
              private final Platform platform = Platform.get();
              private final Object[] emptyArgs = new Object[0];

              @Override
              public @Nullable Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, @Nullable Object[] args)
                  throws Throwable {
                // If the method is a method from Object then defer to normal invocation.
                if (method.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class) {
                  return method.invoke(this, args);
                }
                args = args != null ? args : emptyArgs;
                return platform.isDefaultMethod(method)
                    ? platform.invokeDefaultMethod(method, service, proxy, args)
                    : loadServiceMethod(method).invoke(args);
              }
            });
  }

利用动态代理生成一个接口对象，当我们调用接口方法是时候，invoke 就会被调用，该方法最后一行调用的loadServiceMethod 然后在调用它的invoke方法并将返回值return。接着：

  ServiceMethod<?> loadServiceMethod(Method method) {
    ServiceMethod<?> result = serviceMethodCache.get(method);
    if (result != null) return result;

    synchronized (serviceMethodCache) {
      result = serviceMethodCache.get(method);
      if (result == null) {
        result = ServiceMethod.parseAnnotations(this, method);
        serviceMethodCache.put(method, result);
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

先看cache中有没有实例，如若没有则创建，我们直接看创建过程

  static <T> ServiceMethod<T> parseAnnotations(Retrofit retrofit, Method method) {
    RequestFactory requestFactory = RequestFactory.parseAnnotations(retrofit, method);

    Type returnType = method.getGenericReturnType();
    if (Utils.hasUnresolvableType(returnType)) {
      throw methodError(
          method,
          "Method return type must not include a type variable or wildcard: %s",
          returnType);
    }
    if (returnType == void.class) {
      throw methodError(method, "Service methods cannot return void.");
    }

    return HttpServiceMethod.parseAnnotations(retrofit, method, requestFactory);
  }

说明真正的创建者是由HttpServiceMethod来主持的，那么我们继续往下看

static <ResponseT, ReturnT> HttpServiceMethod<ResponseT, ReturnT> parseAnnotations(
      Retrofit retrofit, Method method, RequestFactory requestFactory) {
...
 CallAdapter<ResponseT, ReturnT> callAdapter =
        createCallAdapter(retrofit, method, adapterType, annotations);
    Type responseType = callAdapter.responseType();
    if (responseType == okhttp3.Response.class) {
      throw methodError(
          method,
          "'"
              + getRawType(responseType).getName()
              + "' is not a valid response body type. Did you mean ResponseBody?");
    }
    if (responseType == Response.class) {
      throw methodError(method, "Response must include generic type (e.g., Response<String>)");
    }
    // TODO support Unit for Kotlin?
    if (requestFactory.httpMethod.equals("HEAD") && !Void.class.equals(responseType)) {
      throw methodError(method, "HEAD method must use Void as response type.");
    }

    Converter<ResponseBody, ResponseT> responseConverter =
        createResponseConverter(retrofit, method, responseType);

    okhttp3.Call.Factory callFactory = retrofit.callFactory;
    if (!isKotlinSuspendFunction) {
      return new CallAdapted<>(requestFactory, callFactory, responseConverter, callAdapter);
    }

}
...

此处实例化了一个CallAdapter，并且将CallAdapter对象传入CallAdapted。我们先看CallAdapter的创建

  private static <ResponseT, ReturnT> CallAdapter<ResponseT, ReturnT> createCallAdapter(
      Retrofit retrofit, Method method, Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations) {
    try {
      //noinspection unchecked
      return (CallAdapter<ResponseT, ReturnT>) retrofit.callAdapter(returnType, annotations);
    } catch (RuntimeException e) { // Wide exception range because factories are user code.
      throw methodError(method, e, "Unable to create call adapter for %s", returnType);
    }
  }

  public CallAdapter<?, ?> callAdapter(Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations) {
    return nextCallAdapter(null, returnType, annotations);
  }

public CallAdapter<?, ?> nextCallAdapter(
      @Nullable CallAdapter.Factory skipPast, Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations) {
    Objects.requireNonNull(returnType, "returnType == null");
    Objects.requireNonNull(annotations, "annotations == null");

    int start = callAdapterFactories.indexOf(skipPast) + 1;
    for (int i = start, count = callAdapterFactories.size(); i < count; i++) {
      CallAdapter<?, ?> adapter = callAdapterFactories.get(i).get(returnType, annotations, this);
      if (adapter != null) {
        return adapter;
      }
    }
}

此过程比较简单，我就直接列举出来，最终这个CallAdapter创建的过程就是从Retrofit builder过程中创建的callAdapterFactories中获取对应的CallAdapter实例对象。好了，再看一下CallAdapted

static final class CallAdapted<ResponseT, ReturnT> extends HttpServiceMethod<ResponseT, ReturnT> {
    private final CallAdapter<ResponseT, ReturnT> callAdapter;

    CallAdapted(
        RequestFactory requestFactory,
        okhttp3.Call.Factory callFactory,
        Converter<ResponseBody, ResponseT> responseConverter,
        CallAdapter<ResponseT, ReturnT> callAdapter) {
      super(requestFactory, callFactory, responseConverter);
      this.callAdapter = callAdapter;
    }

    @Override
    protected ReturnT adapt(Call<ResponseT> call, Object[] args) {
      return callAdapter.adapt(call);
    }
  }

这里主要实现了一个adapt方法，并调用callAdapter.adapt()。完了以后return回去，然后调用invoke()方法，也就是调用callAdapter.adapt(call)，最后call.enqueue()发送一个Request，并将结果返回。
以上整个流程就讲完了。记录学习心得，感谢留言交流，共同学习。