1. 什么是重载 ?
函数或方法有相同的名称,但是参数序列却不相同,这种同名不同参数的函数或者方法称为重载。
2. js中函数是否有重载呢 ?
答案是没有,因为在js中,如果出现同名函数,后面的函数会覆盖前面的函数。代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<script>
function fn(a,b,c){
console.log(a*b*c);
}
function fn(a,b){
console.log(a+b);
}
fn(1,2); // 3 (进行了1+2计算)
fn(1,2,3) //3 (只获取了arguments列表的前两项)
</script>
</body>
</html>
可以看出调用函数,不管是传两个参数还是三个参数,都在调用最后一个fn函数。
注意:若函数位置调换,则输出分别为 NaN,6
3.怎么实现重载的效果?
(1)arguments
实参都存放在arguments这个类数组中。我们可以通过arguments的长度,执行不同的代码,实现重载的效果。
例:传入两个参数就相加,传入三个参数就相乘。(代码如下)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<script>
function fn(){
if(arguments.length == 2){
console.log(arguments[0] + arguments[1]);
}else if(arguments.length == 3){
console.log(arguments[0] * arguments[1] * arguments[2]);
}
}
fn(1,2); // 3
fn(1,2,3); // 6
</script>
</body>
</html>
(2)闭包实现
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<script>
function addMethod(object, name, fn) {
var old = object[name];
object[name] = function() {
if(fn.length === arguments.length) {
return fn.apply(this, arguments);
} else if(typeof old === "function") {
return old.apply(this, arguments);
}
}
}
var people = {
values: ["Dean Edwards", "Alex Russell", "Dean Tom"]
};
// 不传参数时,返回peopld.values里面的所有元素
addMethod(people, "find", function() {
return this.values;
});
// 传一个参数时,按first-name的匹配进行返回
addMethod(people, "find", function(firstName) {
var ret = [];
for(var i = 0; i < this.values.length; i++) {
if(this.values[i].indexOf(firstName) === 0) {
ret.push(this.values[i]);
}
}
return ret;
});
// 传两个参数时,返回first-name和last-name都匹配的元素
addMethod(people, "find", function(firstName, lastName) {
var ret = [];
for(var i = 0; i < this.values.length; i++) {
if(this.values[i] === (firstName + " " + lastName)) {
ret.push(this.values[i]);
}
}
return ret;
});
console.log(people.find()); //["Dean Edwards", "Alex Russell", "Dean Tom"]
console.log(people.find("Dean")); //["Dean Edwards", "Dean Tom"]
console.log(people.find("Dean Edwards")); //["Dean Edwards"]
</script>
</body>
</html>