python与C、C++混编的四种方式

混编的含义有两种，

一种是在python里面写C

一种是C里面写python

本文针对第一种，参考链接来自：

https://www.cnblogs.com/apexchu/p/5015961.html

本文主要是进行简化，方便使用。

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第一种、Python调用C动态链接库（利用ctypes）

pycall.c

/***gcc -o libpycall.so -shared -fPIC pycall.c*/  
#include <stdio.h>  
#include <stdlib.h>  
int foo(int a, int b)  
{  
  printf("you input %d and %d\n", a, b);  
  return a+b;  
}

pycall.py

import ctypes  
ll = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary   
lib = ll("./libpycall.so")    
lib.foo(1, 3)  
print '***finish***'  

运行方法：

gcc -o libpycall.so -shared -fPIC pycall.c
python pycall.py

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第2种、Python调用C++(类)动态链接库（利用ctypes）

pycallclass.cpp

#include <iostream>  
using namespace std;  
  
class TestLib  
{  
    public:  
        void display();  
        void display(int a);  
};  
void TestLib::display() {  
    cout<<"First display"<<endl;  
}  
  
void TestLib::display(int a) {  
    cout<<"Second display:"<<a<<endl;  
}  
extern "C" {  
    TestLib obj;  
    void display() {  
        obj.display();   
      }  
    void display_int() {  
        obj.display(2);   
      }  
}

pycallclass.py

import ctypes  
so = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary   
lib = so("./libpycallclass.so")   
print 'display()'  
lib.display()  
print 'display(100)'  
lib.display_int(100)

运行方法：

g++ -o libpycallclass.so -shared -fPIC pycallclass.cpp
python pycallclass.py

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第3种、Python调用C和C++可执行程序

main.cpp

#include <iostream>  
using namespace std;  
int test()  
{  
    int a = 10, b = 5;  
    return a+b;  
}  
int main()  
{  
    cout<<"---begin---"<<endl;  
    int num = test();  
    cout<<"num="<<num<<endl;  
    cout<<"---end---"<<endl;  
}

main.py

import commands  
import os  
main = "./testmain"  
if os.path.exists(main):  
    rc, out = commands.getstatusoutput(main)  
    print 'rc = %d, \nout = %s' % (rc, out)  
  
print '*'*10  
f = os.popen(main)    
data = f.readlines()    
f.close()    
print data  
  
print '*'*10  
os.system(main)

运行方法（只有这种不是生成.so然后让python文件来调用）：

g++ -o testmain main.cpp
python main.py

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第4种、扩展Python（C++为Python编写扩展模块）（超级麻烦的一种）

Extest2.c

#include <stdio.h>  
#include <stdlib.h>  
#include <string.h>  
  
int fac(int n)  
{  
    if (n < 2) return(1);  
    return (n)*fac(n-1);  
}  
  
char *reverse(char *s)  
{  
    register char t,  
            *p = s,  
            *q = (s + (strlen(s) - 1));  
  
    while (s && (p < q))  
    {  
        t = *p;  
        *p++ = *q;  
        *q-- = t;  
    }  
    return(s);  
}  
  
int test()  
{  
    char s[BUFSIZ];  
    printf("4! == %d\n", fac(4));  
    printf("8! == %d\n", fac(8));  
    printf("12! == %d\n", fac(12));  
    strcpy(s, "abcdef");  
    printf("reversing 'abcdef', we get '%s'\n", \  
        reverse(s));  
    strcpy(s, "madam");  
    printf("reversing 'madam', we get '%s'\n", \  
        reverse(s));  
    return 0;  
}  
  
#include "Python.h"  
  
static PyObject *  
Extest_fac(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)  
{  
    int num;  
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i", &num))  
        return NULL;  
    return (PyObject*)Py_BuildValue("i", fac(num));  
}  
  
static PyObject *  
Extest_doppel(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)  
{  
    char *orig_str;  
    char *dupe_str;  
    PyObject* retval;  
  
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &orig_str))  
        return NULL;  
    retval = (PyObject*)Py_BuildValue("ss", orig_str,  
        dupe_str=reverse(strdup(orig_str)));  
    free(dupe_str);             
    return retval;  
}  
  
static PyObject *  
Extest_test(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)  
{  
    test();  
    return (PyObject*)Py_BuildValue("");  
}  
  
static PyMethodDef  
ExtestMethods[] =  
{  
    { "fac", Extest_fac, METH_VARARGS },  
    { "doppel", Extest_doppel, METH_VARARGS },  
    { "test", Extest_test, METH_VARARGS },  
    { NULL, NULL },  
};  
  
void initExtest()  
{  
    Py_InitModule("Extest", ExtestMethods);  
}

setup.py

#!/usr/bin/env python  
  
from distutils.core import setup, Extension  
  
MOD = 'Extest'  
setup(name=MOD, ext_modules=[Extension(MOD, sources=['Extest2.c'])])

运行方法：

python setup.py build
cd build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7
进入python交互模式>>>
import Extest
Extest.test()