Kotlin-编程基础

2.1编程风格

1、驼峰命名法，不使用下划线。

例如 public class DataBaseUser

2、类的首字母要大写

class People

3、方法和属性名的首字母要小写

fun hello(){

}

 

2.2 Kotlin常量和变量

常量：val 

变量:: var

2.2.1常量

val constrain1=3.3

val constrain3:Int=40

fun main(args:Array<String>){
    println(constrain1)
    println(constrain3)

    println("constrain1的值是"+constrain1)
    println("constrain3的值是"+constrain3)
}

2.2.2变量的定义和使用

var var1:String="Kotlin"
var var3:Int=10
var var4=5
set(value){
    if(value<=5)
        field=value

}
fun main(args:Array<String>){
    println("var1不重新赋值的情况是"+var1)
    println("var1的值是"+var1)
    var1=var1+5.3

    println("var1的值是"+var1)
    var3=var3+5
    println("var3的值是"+var3)
    var4=var4+5
    println("var4的值是"+var4)
}

2.2.3变量作用域

class vals(val a:Int=5){
    fun geta():Int = 5

}
fun varfun():Int{
    var b=10
    return b
}
var c=15
fun main(args:Array<String>){
    //println(a)
    println(vals().a)
    //println(b)
    println(varfun())
    println(c)

}

2.3数据类型

基本数据类型：Boolean, Number,Char

引用数据类型：Null，Object，Array

2.3.1 Boolean

var boo: Boolean=true
fun main(args:Array<String>){
    if(boo==true){
        println("boolean为真")
    }else println("boolean为假")
}

2.3.2数值类型(Number)

var a1:Int=19
var te1:Int=0x88888
var maxint:Int=Int.MAX_VALUE
var minint:Int=Int.MIN_VALUE
var long:Long=128L
var maxlong:Long=Long.MAX_VALUE
var minlong:Long=Long.MIN_VALUE

var double:Double=2.88
var maxdouble:Double=Double.MAX_VALUE
var mindouble:Double= Double.MIN_VALUE

var float:Float=2.0f
var maxfloat:Float=Float.MAX_VALUE
var minfloat:Float=Float.MIN_VALUE

var maxShort:Short=Short.MAX_VALUE
var minShort:Short=Short.MIN_VALUE

var maxbyte:Byte=Byte.MAX_VALUE
var minbyte:Byte=Byte.MIN_VALUE

fun main(args:Array<String>){
    println(a1)
    println(te1)
    println(maxint)
    println(minint)
    println(long)
    println(maxlong)
    println(minlong)
    println(double)
    println(maxdouble)
    println(mindouble)

    println(float)
    println(maxfloat)
    println(minfloat)

    println(maxShort)
    println(minShort)
    
    println(maxbyte)
    println(minbyte)
}

2.3.3 字符串类型（Char)

fun main(args:Array<String>){
    val letterchar:Char='a'
    val nubchar:Char='0'
    val UnicodeChar:Char='\u7231'
    val yi:Char='\n'
    println("转义字符${yi}字母，char类型${letterchar},数字char类型${nubchar},Unicode编码char类型：${UnicodeChar}")

}

2.3.4字符串类型(String)

2.3.5元组类型Tuple

fun main(args:Array<String>){
    val (status,msg)=Pair(404,"Not Found")
    val (server,script,database)=Triple("Tomcat","PHP","MySQL")

    println("方式一:访问${server}+${script}+${database}环境,得到反馈码${status},表示${msg}")

    val http=Pair(404,"Not found")

    val Development=Triple("Tomcat","PHP","MySQL")
    println("方式二:访问${Development.first}+${Development.second}+${Development.third}环境，反馈得到状态码${http.first},表示${http.second}")
}

2.3.6可空类型Null

fun main(args:Array<String>){
    var address:String?=null
    //可空类型
    println(address?.length)
}

2.3.7对象类型(Object)

class course(var name:String){
    init{
        println("你选择的课程名称是${name}")
    }
}
fun main(args:Array<String>){
    val studentobj=course("Kotlin")
}

2.3.8数组类型(Array)

    val arrayOfInt:IntArray= intArrayOf(1,2,3,4,5)
    val arrayOfChar:CharArray=charArrayOf('H','e','l','l','o')
    val arrayOfString: Array<String> = arrayOf("我","爱","Kotlin")

    fun main(args:Array<String>){
        println(arrayOfInt[2])
        for(String in arrayOfString){
            println(String)
        }
    }

2.3.9数组类型的检查和转换

fun main(args:Array<String>){
    val a=10
    if(a is Int){
        println(a)
    }
    if(a!is Int){
        println(a)

    }
    val b: String?=a as? String
    println(b)
    val c=a.toDouble()
    println(c)
}