**
QT多线程接收串口数据
**
1.前言
QT多线程的使用,和绝大数人一样,犯了错误(请查阅Qt开发人员( Bradley T. Hughes)Blog中的文章 you are-doing-it-wrong介绍)。为了解决问题,网上查阅学习了几十篇文章,基本都是错误的使用方法,或者不完整,未能给予正确的引导。
为方便后来学习者,少走弯路,于是自己动手写了一下程序,过程不再赘述,只以完整的案例进行教学,内部注释较多,可供大家阅读、思考。
2.功能作用
使用多线程,避免上位机软件与单片机等硬件设备高速通讯时,造成软件界面假死、丢包等现象。同时对串口进行了简单的封装,方便调用。本文提供了完整的源代码,方便测试。有较详细的注释方便阅读、思考。编译环境为QT5.8.0,Qt Creator4.2.1
3.软件测试效果
4.基本步骤
(1)pro文件添加QT5自带的头文件
QT += serialport
(2)serialworker.h头文件
#include "serialworker.h"
SerialWorker::SerialWorker(QSerialPort *ser, QObject *parent) : QObject(parent),serial(ser)
{
}
QString SerialWorker::ByteArrayToHexString(QByteArray data)
{
QString ret(data.toHex().toUpper());
int len = ret.length()/2;
qDebug()<<"收到字节长度为:"<<len;
for(int i=1;i<len;i++)
{
ret.insert(2*i+i-1," ");
}
return ret;
}
void SerialWorker::doDataReciveWork()
{
QByteArray buffer = serial->readAll();
// 2.进行数据处理
QString result = ByteArrayToHexString(buffer);
qDebug() << "子线程收到数据:" << result << "线程ID:" << QThread::currentThreadId();
// 3.将结果发送到主线程
emit sendResultToGui(result);
}
(3)mainwindow.h文件
#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "ui_mainwindow.h"
MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :
QMainWindow(parent),
ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{
ui->setupUi(this);
setWindowTitle("子线程读串口");
this->setMinimumSize(600,248);
this->setMaximumSize(1200,496);
InitSerialPortName();
//1.新建串口处理子线程
SerialWorker *ser = new SerialWorker(&serial_1);
ser->moveToThread(&serialThread_1);
// 2.连接信号和槽
QString s;
connect(&serialThread_1, &QThread::finished, ser, &QObject::deleteLater); // 线程结束,自动删除对象
connect(&serial_1, &QSerialPort::readyRead, ser, &SerialWorker::doDataReciveWork); // 主线程通知子线程接收数据的信号
connect(ser, &SerialWorker::sendResultToGui, this, &MainWindow::handleResults); // 主线程收到数据结果的信号
// connect(ser,SIGNAL(sendResultToGui(QString)), this, SLOT(handleResults(QString))); //主线程收到数据结果的信号写法2
// 3.开始运行子线程
serialThread_1.start(); // 线程开始运行
}
MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{
serialThread_1.quit();
serialThread_1.wait();
delete ui;
}
void MainWindow::InitSerialPortName()
{
// 清空下拉框
ui->box_portName->clear();
//通过QSerialPortInfo查找可用串口
foreach(const QSerialPortInfo &info, QSerialPortInfo::availablePorts())
{
QString showName = info.portName();
qDebug() << showName+info.description();
ui->box_portName->addItem(showName);
}
//波特率
QStringList baudrateList;
baudrateList<<"4800"<<"9600"<<"19200"<<"38400"<<"57600"<<"115200";
ui->box_baudrate->addItems(baudrateList);//添加下拉列表选项
ui->box_baudrate->setCurrentText("115200");//界面中初始值
// ui->box_baudrate->setView(new QListView(this));//该设置是配合qss的,不然item行高设置没效果
//数据位
QStringList databitList;
databitList<<"5"<<"6"<<"7"<<"8";
ui->box_dataBits->addItems(databitList);
ui->box_dataBits->setCurrentText("8");
// ui->box_dataBits->setView(new QListView(this));
//校验位
QStringList parityList;
parityList<<"无"<<"奇"<<"偶";
ui->box_parityBit->addItems(parityList);
ui->box_parityBit->setCurrentText("No");
// ui->box_parityBit->setView(new QListView(this));
//停止位
QStringList stopbitList;
stopbitList<<"1"<<"2";
ui->box_stopBit->addItems(stopbitList);
ui->box_stopBit->setCurrentText("1");
// ui->box_stopBit->setView(new QListView(this));
//流控制
// QStringList flowctrlList;
// flowctrlList<<"No"<<"Hardware"<<"Software";
// ui->boxFlowControl->addItems(flowctrlList);
// ui->boxFlowControl->setCurrentText("No");
ui->boxFlowControl->setView(new QListView(this));
}
void MainWindow::on_btn_openPort_clicked()
{
if(ui->btn_openPort->text()==QString("打开串口"))
{
//设置串口名
QString portName = (ui->box_portName->currentText()).split(":").at(0);
qDebug() <<"当前打开串口为:"<<portName;
serial_1.setPortName(portName);
//设置波特率
serial_1.setBaudRate(ui->box_baudrate->currentText().toInt());
//设置停止位
if(ui->box_stopBit->currentText() == "1")
serial_1.setStopBits(QSerialPort::OneStop);
else if(ui->box_stopBit->currentText() == "2")
serial_1.setStopBits(QSerialPort::TwoStop);
//设置数据位数
if(ui->box_dataBits->currentText() == "8")
serial_1.setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data8);
else if(ui->box_dataBits->currentText() == "7")
serial_1.setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data7);
else if(ui->box_dataBits->currentText() == "6")
serial_1.setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data6);
else if(ui->box_dataBits->currentText() == "5")
serial_1.setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data5);
//设置奇偶校验
if(ui->box_parityBit->currentText() == "无")
serial_1.setParity(QSerialPort::NoParity);
else if(ui->box_parityBit->currentText() == "偶")
serial_1.setParity(QSerialPort::EvenParity);
else if(ui->box_parityBit->currentText() == "奇")
serial_1.setParity(QSerialPort::OddParity);
// //设置流控制
// serial_1.setFlowControl(QSerialPort::NoFlowControl);
//打开串口
if(!serial_1.open(QIODevice::ReadWrite))
{
QMessageBox::about(NULL, "提示", "无法打开串口!");
return;
}
//下拉菜单控件失能
ui->box_portName->setEnabled(false);
ui->box_baudrate->setEnabled(false);
ui->box_dataBits->setEnabled(false);
ui->box_parityBit->setEnabled(false);
ui->box_stopBit->setEnabled(false);
ui->btn_openPort->setText(QString("关闭串口"));
}
else
{
//关闭串口
serial_1.close();
//下拉菜单控件使能
ui->box_portName->setEnabled(true);
ui->box_baudrate->setEnabled(true);
ui->box_dataBits->setEnabled(true);
ui->box_parityBit->setEnabled(true);
ui->box_stopBit->setEnabled(true);
ui->btn_openPort->setText(QString("打开串口"));
}
}
void MainWindow::on_btn_clearText_clicked()
{
ui->browser_dataReceive->clear();
}
void MainWindow::handleResults(const QString &result)
{
qDebug() << "主线程收到结果数据:" << result << "线程ID:" << QThread::currentThreadId();
//从界面中读取以前收到的数据
QString oldString = ui->browser_dataReceive->toPlainText()+'\n';
oldString = oldString + QString(result);
//清空以前的显示
ui->browser_dataReceive->clear();
//重新显示
ui->browser_dataReceive->append(oldString);
}
(4)mainwindow.cpp文件
#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "ui_mainwindow.h"
MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :
QMainWindow(parent),
ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{
ui->setupUi(this);
setWindowTitle("子线程读串口");
this->setMinimumSize(600,248);
this->setMaximumSize(1200,496);
InitSerialPortName();
//1.新建串口处理子线程
SerialWorker *ser = new SerialWorker(&serial_1);
ser->moveToThread(&serialThread_1);
// 2.连接信号和槽
QString s;
connect(&serialThread_1, &QThread::finished, ser, &QObject::deleteLater); // 线程结束,自动删除对象
connect(&serial_1, &QSerialPort::readyRead, ser, &SerialWorker::doDataReciveWork); // 主线程通知子线程接收数据的信号
connect(ser, &SerialWorker::sendResultToGui, this, &MainWindow::handleResults); // 主线程收到数据结果的信号
// connect(ser,SIGNAL(sendResultToGui(QString)), this, SLOT(handleResults(QString))); //主线程收到数据结果的信号写法2
// 3.开始运行子线程
serialThread_1.start(); // 线程开始运行
}
MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{
serialThread_1.quit();
serialThread_1.wait();
delete ui;
}
void MainWindow::InitSerialPortName()
{
// 清空下拉框
ui->box_portName->clear();
//通过QSerialPortInfo查找可用串口
foreach(const QSerialPortInfo &info, QSerialPortInfo::availablePorts())
{
QString showName = info.portName();
qDebug() << showName+info.description();
ui->box_portName->addItem(showName);
}
//波特率
QStringList baudrateList;
baudrateList<<"4800"<<"9600"<<"19200"<<"38400"<<"57600"<<"115200";
ui->box_baudrate->addItems(baudrateList);//添加下拉列表选项
ui->box_baudrate->setCurrentText("115200");//界面中初始值
// ui->box_baudrate->setView(new QListView(this));//该设置是配合qss的,不然item行高设置没效果
//数据位
QStringList databitList;
databitList<<"5"<<"6"<<"7"<<"8";
ui->box_dataBits->addItems(databitList);
ui->box_dataBits->setCurrentText("8");
// ui->box_dataBits->setView(new QListView(this));
//校验位
QStringList parityList;
parityList<<"无"<<"奇"<<"偶";
ui->box_parityBit->addItems(parityList);
ui->box_parityBit->setCurrentText("No");
// ui->box_parityBit->setView(new QListView(this));
//停止位
QStringList stopbitList;
stopbitList<<"1"<<"2";
ui->box_stopBit->addItems(stopbitList);
ui->box_stopBit->setCurrentText("1");
// ui->box_stopBit->setView(new QListView(this));
//流控制
// QStringList flowctrlList;
// flowctrlList<<"No"<<"Hardware"<<"Software";
// ui->boxFlowControl->addItems(flowctrlList);
// ui->boxFlowControl->setCurrentText("No");
ui->boxFlowControl->setView(new QListView(this));
}
void MainWindow::on_btn_openPort_clicked()
{
if(ui->btn_openPort->text()==QString("打开串口"))
{
//设置串口名
QString portName = (ui->box_portName->currentText()).split(":").at(0);
qDebug() <<"当前打开串口为:"<<portName;
serial_1.setPortName(portName);
//设置波特率
serial_1.setBaudRate(ui->box_baudrate->currentText().toInt());
//设置停止位
if(ui->box_stopBit->currentText() == "1")
serial_1.setStopBits(QSerialPort::OneStop);
else if(ui->box_stopBit->currentText() == "2")
serial_1.setStopBits(QSerialPort::TwoStop);
//设置数据位数
if(ui->box_dataBits->currentText() == "8")
serial_1.setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data8);
else if(ui->box_dataBits->currentText() == "7")
serial_1.setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data7);
else if(ui->box_dataBits->currentText() == "6")
serial_1.setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data6);
else if(ui->box_dataBits->currentText() == "5")
serial_1.setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data5);
//设置奇偶校验
if(ui->box_parityBit->currentText() == "无")
serial_1.setParity(QSerialPort::NoParity);
else if(ui->box_parityBit->currentText() == "偶")
serial_1.setParity(QSerialPort::EvenParity);
else if(ui->box_parityBit->currentText() == "奇")
serial_1.setParity(QSerialPort::OddParity);
// //设置流控制
// serial_1.setFlowControl(QSerialPort::NoFlowControl);
//打开串口
if(!serial_1.open(QIODevice::ReadWrite))
{
QMessageBox::about(NULL, "提示", "无法打开串口!");
return;
}
//下拉菜单控件失能
ui->box_portName->setEnabled(false);
ui->box_baudrate->setEnabled(false);
ui->box_dataBits->setEnabled(false);
ui->box_parityBit->setEnabled(false);
ui->box_stopBit->setEnabled(false);
ui->btn_openPort->setText(QString("关闭串口"));
}
else
{
//关闭串口
serial_1.close();
//下拉菜单控件使能
ui->box_portName->setEnabled(true);
ui->box_baudrate->setEnabled(true);
ui->box_dataBits->setEnabled(true);
ui->box_parityBit->setEnabled(true);
ui->box_stopBit->setEnabled(true);
ui->btn_openPort->setText(QString("打开串口"));
}
}
void MainWindow::on_btn_clearText_clicked()
{
ui->browser_dataReceive->clear();
}
void MainWindow::handleResults(const QString &result)
{
qDebug() << "主线程收到结果数据:" << result << "线程ID:" << QThread::currentThreadId();
//从界面中读取以前收到的数据
QString oldString = ui->browser_dataReceive->toPlainText()+'\n';
oldString = oldString + QString(result);
//清空以前的显示
ui->browser_dataReceive->clear();
//重新显示
ui->browser_dataReceive->append(oldString);
}
(5)serialworker.cpp文件
#include "serialworker.h"
SerialWorker::SerialWorker(QSerialPort *ser, QObject *parent) : QObject(parent),serial(ser)
{
}
QString SerialWorker::ByteArrayToHexString(QByteArray data)
{
QString ret(data.toHex().toUpper());
int len = ret.length()/2;
qDebug()<<"收到字节长度为:"<<len;
for(int i=1;i<len;i++)
{
ret.insert(2*i+i-1," ");
}
return ret;
}
void SerialWorker::doDataReciveWork()
{
QByteArray buffer = serial->readAll();
// 2.进行数据处理
QString result = ByteArrayToHexString(buffer);
qDebug() << "子线程收到数据:" << result << "线程ID:" << QThread::currentThreadId();
// 3.将结果发送到主线程
emit sendResultToGui(result);
}