构造类型-结构体

结构体
1.产生与意义
2.类型描述

struct 结构体名 
{
	数据类型 成员1;
	数据类型 成员2;
	.............;
};

3.嵌套定义
4.定义变量（变量，数组，指针），初始化及成员引用
成员引用 ： 变量名. 成员名
指针->成员名
（*指针）. 成员名
5.结构体占用内存空间大小

#include<stdlio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define NAMESIZE 32
//结构体定义一般在函数外
//命名习惯 _st 结构体
struct node_st
{
	int i,j;
	float f;
	char ch;
};//只是描述，并不占用空间
#if 0
struct birthday_st
{
	int year;
	int month;
	int day;	
};
#endif
struct student_st
{
	int id;
	char name[NAMESIZE];
	//int year,moth,day;
	//struct birthday_st birth;
	//直接整体拿过来 在结构体里面定义  --看自己习惯
	struct birthday_st
	{
		int year;
		int month;
		int day;	
	}birth;
	int math;
	int chinese;
};
int main()
{
	//TYPE NAME = VALUE;
	/*
	struct node_st a = {123,456.789,'a'};
	a.i = 112233;
	printf("%d %f %c\n",a.i,a.f,a.ch);
	*/
	int i;
	struct student_st stu = {10011,"Alan",{2024,11,11},98,97};
	struct student_st *p = &stu;
	struct student_st arr[2] = {{10011,"Alan",{2024,11,11},98,97},{10012,"Jahn",{2024,12,11=2},90,80}};
	p = &arr[0];
	//struct student_st stu = {.math = 98,.chinese = 97};//给部分结构体中的元素赋值


	//printf("%d %s %d-%d-%d %d %d\n",stu.id,stu.name,stu.birth.year,stu.birth.month,stu.birth.day,stu.math,stu.chinese);
	for(i = 0;i < 2;i++,p++)//p = p+1  p指向什么类型，跳几个字节
	{
	printf("%d %s %d-%d-%d %d %d\n",p->id,p->name,p->birth.year,p->birth.month,p->birth.day,p->math,p->chinese);
	}

	exit(0);
}

占用内存的大小

#include<stdlio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define NAMESIZE 32
//结构体定义一般在函数外
//命名习惯 _st 结构体
struct simp_st
{
	int i;
	float f;
	char ch;
};//地址对齐 ( 字节对齐 )
struct simp_st
{
	int i;
	float f;
	char ch;
}__attribute__((packed));//可以不对齐,在网络传输中。

struct birthday_st
{
	int year;
	int month;
	int day;	
};

struct student_st
{
	int id;
	char name[NAMESIZE];
	struct birthday_st birth;
	int math;
	int chinese;
};
int main()
{
	struct simp_st a;
	struct simp_st *p = &a;
	
	printf("sizeof(point) = %d\n",sizeof(p));//8
	printf("sizeof(struct) = %d\n",sizeof(a));//12
	

	exit(0);
}

函数传参（值 , 地址）

#include<stdlio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define NAMESIZE 32
//结构体定义一般在函数外
//命名习惯 _st 结构体
struct simp_st
{
	int i;
	float f;
	char ch;
};//地址对齐 ( 字节对齐 )
struct birthday_st
{
	int year;
	int month;
	int day;	
};

struct 
{
	inti;
	char ch;
	float f;
}a = {,,},b = {,,},c,*p,*q;//结构体可以没名字  但是在声明是必须定义

struct student_st
{
	int id;
	char name[NAMESIZE];
	struct birthday_st birth;
	int math;
	int chinese;
};

void func(struct simp_st *b)
{
	printf("%d\n",sizeof(b));
}
int main()
{
	struct simp_st a;
	struct simp_st *p = &a;
	
	//func(a);//--->func(a.i,a.ch,a.f);此时传参的开销特别大，临时建立的一个变量
	func(p);

	exit(0);
}

微型学生管理系统

#include<stdlio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>

#define NAMESIZE 32
//结构体定义一般在函数外

struct student_st
{
	int id;
	char name[NAMESIZE];
	int math;
	int chinese;
};
void stu_set(struct student_st *p,const struct student_st *q)
{
/*
	p->id = 1011;
	strncpy(p->name,"Alan",NAMESIZE);
	p->math = 90;
	p->chinese = 98;
*/
	*p = *q;//结构体之间可以直接赋值
}
void stu_show(struct student_st *p)
{
	printf("%d %s %d %d\n",p->id,p->name,p->math,p->chinese);
}
void stu_changename(struct student_st*p,const char *newname)
{
	strcpy(p->name,newname);
}

void menu(void)
{
	printf("1 set\n2 change name \n3 show\n");
	printf("please enter the num(q for quit):")
}

int main()
{
	struct student_st stu,tmp;
	char newname[NAMESIZE];
	int choice;
	int ret;
	do
	{
		menu();
		ret = scanf("%d",&choice);
		if(ret! = 1)
			break;
		switch(choice)
		{
		case 1:
			printf("Please enter for the stu[id name math chinese]:");
			scanf("%d%s%d%d",&tmp.id,tmp.name,&tmp.math,&tmp.chinese)
			stu_set(&stu,&tmp);
			break;
			//stu_show(&stu);
		case 2:
			printf("Please enter input a newname:");
			scanf("%s",newname);
			stu_changename(&stu,newname);
			break;
			//stu_show(&stu);
		case 3:
			stu_show(&stu);
			break;
		defult:
			exit(1);
		}
		sleep(1);
	}while(1);
	
	exit(0);
}