CDC有同步模式和异步模式
1. CDC同步模式：
通过trigger来实现。
2. CDC异步模式：
2.1 异步HotLog模式
2.2 异步分布式HotLog模式
2.3 异步AutoLog模式。
2.3.1 异步Autolog模式-online redo log
2.3.2 异步Autolog模式-archive log
异步Autolog模式(Asynchronous AutoLog Mode)则是先将日志文件从source database传递到staging database，然后在staging database执行日志分析。这样可以将对source database的压力减到最小。日志的传递通过Redo transport services服务来实现，是不是对这个服务名很熟悉？在Data Guard中也是通过该服务将主库的日志传递到备库的，实际上该模式对于日志的处理和Data Guard中基本上是同样的机制。所以这里也需要在source database中设置相应的LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n参数来实现日志的传递。
异步AutoLog模式既可以使用联机日志，也可以使用归档日志来获得增量数据信息。
AUTOLOG CDC 使用 Oracle Streams downstream capture 实施异步autolog发布，异步Autolog online redo log 使用Streams real-time downstream capture,异步Autolog archive log 使用 Streams archived-log downstreams capture。
实施异步Autolog archive log 模式
--1.设置source端初始化参数
[oracle@source ~]$ slqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> show parameter undo_retention;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
undo_retention integer 900
SQL> alter system set undo_retention=3600 scope=BOTH;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1 ="location=/home/oracle/archive mandatory reopen=2"; scope=both;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2 = "service=targdb arch optional noregister reopen=2 template=/home/oracle/archive2/arch_%s_%t_%r.arc" scope=both;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_state_1=enable scope=both;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=enable scope=both;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set log_archive_format='arch_%s_%t_%r.arc' scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> show parameter global_names
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
global_names boolean FALSE
SQL> alter system set global_names=TRUE scope=BOTH;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set remote_login_passwordfile=shared
2 scope =spfile;
System altered.
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 276824064 bytes
Fixed Size 2020160 bytes
Variable Size 92277952 bytes
Database Buffers 180355072 bytes
Redo Buffers 2170880 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /home/oracle/archive
Oldest online log sequence 1
Next log sequence to archive 2
Current log sequence 2
--2.设置target端初始化参数
[oracle@target ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> alter system set global_names=TRUE scope=BOTH;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set undo_retention=3600 scope=BOTH;
System altered.
SQL> show parameter remote_archive_enable
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
remote_archive_enable string true
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1="location=/home/oracle/archive" scope=both;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set remote_login_passwordfile=shared scope =spfile;
System altered.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 276824064 bytes
Fixed Size 2020160 bytes
Variable Size 92277952 bytes
Database Buffers 180355072 bytes
Redo Buffers 2170880 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /home/oracle/archive
Oldest online log sequence 1
Next log sequence to archive 2
Current log sequence 2
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /home/oracle/archive
Oldest online log sequence 1
Next log sequence to archive 2
Current log sequence 2
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /home/oracle/archive
Oldest online log sequence 1
Next log sequence to archive 2
Current log sequence 3
--3.source端设置FORCE LOGGING日志模式 与 最小的数据库级SUPPLEMENTAL LOG
SQL> alter database force logging;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add supplemental log data;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /home/oracle/archive
Oldest online log sequence 1
Next log sequence to archive 2
Current log sequence 3
SQL> col log_min format a7
SQL> col log_pk format a6
SQL> col log_pk format a6
SQL> col log_ui format a6
SQL> col log_fk format a6
SQL> col log_all format a7
SQL> col force_log format a9
SQL> SELECT supplemental_log_data_min LOG_MIN, supplemental_log_data_pk LOG_PK, supplemental_log_data_ui LOG_UI, supplemental_log_data_fk LOG_FK,
supplemental_log_data_all LOG_ALL, force_logging FORCE_LOG
FROM v$database;
LOG_MIN LOG_PK LOG_UI LOG_FK LOG_ALL FORCE_LOG
------- ------ ------ ------ ------- ---------
YESNO NO NO NO YES
--4.target端，创建发布者并授权
QL> create tablespace ts_cdcpub
2 datafile '/home/oracle/oradata/targ/ts_cdcpub01.dbf' size 100M;
Tablespace created.
SQL> CREATE USER cdcpub IDENTIFIED BY cdcpub DEFAULT TABLESPACE ts_cdcpub
QUOTA UNLIMITED ON SYSTEM
QUOTA UNLIMITED ON SYSAUX; 2 3
User created.
SQL> GRANT CREATE SESSION TO cdcpub;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> GRANT CREATE TABLE TO cdcpub;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> GRANT CREATE TABLESPACE TO cdcpub;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> GRANT UNLIMITED TABLESPACE TO cdcpub;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> GRANT SELECT_CATALOG_ROLE TO cdcpub;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> GRANT EXECUTE_CATALOG_ROLE TO cdcpub;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> GRANT DBA TO cdcpub;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> GRANT CREATE SEQUENCE TO cdcpub;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> GRANT EXECUTE on DBMS_CDC_PUBLISH TO cdcpub;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> EXECUTE DBMS_STREAMS_AUTH.GRANT_ADMIN_PRIVILEGE(grantee => 'cdcpub');
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
--5.source端生成LogMiner数据字典，之后才能执行第6步
SQL> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
VARIABLE f_scn NUMBER;
BEGIN
:f_scn := 0;
DBMS_CAPTURE_ADM.BUILD(:f_scn);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The first_scn value is ' || :f_scn);
END;
/SQL> SQL> 2 3 4 5 6
The first_scn value is 544891
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
--6.source端准备源表
SQL> SQL> desc scott.e dept
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
DEPTNO NOT NULL NUMBER(2)
DNAME VARCHAR2(14)
LOC VARCHAR2(13)
SQL> BEGIN
DBMS_CAPTURE_ADM.PREPARE_TABLE_INSTANTIATION(
TABLE_NAME => 'scott.dept');
END;
/ 2 3 4 5
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
--7.source端，获取source端的global_name,用于在target端创建AutoLog改变源。
SQL> SELECT GLOBAL_NAME FROM GLOBAL_NAME;
GLOBAL_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SOUR.REGRESS.RDBMS.DEV.US.ORACLE.COM
--8.target端，识别改变源数据库并创建改变源
SQL> BEGIN
DBMS_CDC_PUBLISH.CREATE_AUTOLOG_CHANGE_SOURCE(
change_source_name => 'CHICAGO',
description => 'test source',
source_database => 'SOUR.REGRESS.RDBMS.DEV.US.ORACLE.COM',
first_scn => 544891);
END;
/ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
--9.target端，创建改变集
SQL> BEGIN
DBMS_CDC_PUBLISH.CREATE_CHANGE_SET(
change_set_name => 'CHICAGO_DAILY',
description => 'change set for dept info',
change_source_name => 'CHICAGO',
stop_on_ddl => 'y');
END;
/ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
--10.target端，创建改变表
SQL> BEGIN
2 DBMS_CDC_PUBLISH.CREATE_CHANGE_TABLE(
owner => 'cdcpub',
change_table_name => 'dept_ct',
3 change_set_name => 'CHICAGO_DAILY',
source_schema => 'SCOTT',
4 source_table => 'DEPT',
column_type_list => 'DEPTNO NUMBER(2), DNAME VARCHAR2(14), LOC VARCHAR2(13)',
capture_values => 'both',
rs_id => 'y',
row_id => 'n',
5 user_id => 'n',
6 timestamp => 'n',
object_id => 'n',
7 source_colmap => 'n',
target_colmap => 'y',
options_string => 'TABLESPACE ts_cdcpub');
8 END;
/
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
--11.target端，开启改变集，这时oracle的流捕获和应用进程启动
SQL> SQL> BEGIN
DBMS_CDC_PUBLISH.ALTER_CHANGE_SET(
change_set_name => 'CHICAGO_DAILY',
enable_capture => 'y');
END;
/ 2 3 4 5 6
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
--12.source端，切换重做日志，oracle开始捕获数据。
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
--13.target端，创建订阅者并赋权
SQL> create user subs identified by subs default tablespace users;
User created.
SQL> grant connect,resource to subs;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> grant select on cdcpub.dept_ct to subs;
Grant succeeded.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
如何订阅改变数据（target端）,订阅者执行
--1.查找订阅者能够访问的源表
SQL> SELECT * FROM ALL_SOURCE_TABLES;
SOURCE_SCHEMA_NAME SOURCE_TABLE_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
SCOTT DEPT
--2.查找订阅者能够访问改变集名称与列信息
SQL> SELECT UNIQUE CHANGE_SET_NAME, COLUMN_NAME, PUB_ID
FROM ALL_PUBLISHED_COLUMNS
WHERE SOURCE_SCHEMA_NAME ='SCOTT' AND SOURCE_TABLE_NAME = 'DEPT';
2 3
CHANGE_SET_NAME COLUMN_NAME PUB_ID
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------
CHICAGO_DAILY DEPTNO 51401
CHICAGO_DAILY DNAME 51401
CHICAGO_DAILY LOC 51401
--3.创建订阅
SQL> BEGIN
DBMS_CDC_SUBSCRIBE.CREATE_SUBSCRIPTION(
change_set_name => 'CHICAGO_DAILY',
description => 'Change data for DEPT',
subscription_name => 'DEPT_SUB');
END;
/
2 3 4 5 6 7
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
--4.订阅表
SQL> BEGIN
DBMS_CDC_SUBSCRIBE.SUBSCRIBE(
subscription_name => 'DEPT_SUB',
source_schema => 'SCOTT',
source_table => 'DEPT',
column_list => 'DEPTNO , DNAME, LOC',
subscriber_view => 'DEPT_VIEW');
END;
/ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
--5.激活订阅
SQL> BEGIN
DBMS_CDC_SUBSCRIBE.ACTIVATE_SUBSCRIPTION(
subscription_name => 'DEPT_SUB');
END;
/ 2 3 4 5
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
验证
--source端
SQL> insert into scott.dept values(51,'hello',wo 'world');
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
--target端，获取改变数据
SQL> BEGIN
DBMS_CDC_SUBSCRIBE.EXTEND_WINDOW(
subscription_name => 'DEPT_SUB');
END;
/ 2 3 4 5
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> SELECT DEPTNO,DNAME,LOC FROM DEPT_VIEW;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
51 hello world此外，订阅者可以使用DBMS_CDC_SUBSCRIBE.PURGE_WINDOW过程purge不需要的数据，订阅者可以使用DBMS_CDC_SUBSCRIBE.DROP_SUBSCRIPTION procedure停止订阅。
source端与target端的初始化参数的具体配置可以参考oracle官方文档，target端要注意配置java_pool_size与streams_pool_size。
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
查看捕获进程与应用进程的状态与错误信息
--查看捕获进程与应用进程的状态与错误信息
SQL> desc dba_capture
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
CAPTURE_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
QUEUE_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
QUEUE_OWNER NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
RULE_SET_NAME VARCHAR2(30)
RULE_SET_OWNER VARCHAR2(30)
CAPTURE_USER VARCHAR2(30)
START_SCN NUMBER
STATUS VARCHAR2(8)
CAPTURED_SCN NUMBER
APPLIED_SCN NUMBER
USE_DATABASE_LINK VARCHAR2(3)
FIRST_SCN NUMBER
SOURCE_DATABASE VARCHAR2(128)
SOURCE_DBID NUMBER
SOURCE_RESETLOGS_SCN NUMBER
SOURCE_RESETLOGS_TIME NUMBER
LOGMINER_ID NUMBER
NEGATIVE_RULE_SET_NAME VARCHAR2(30)
NEGATIVE_RULE_SET_OWNER VARCHAR2(30)
MAX_CHECKPOINT_SCN NUMBER
REQUIRED_CHECKPOINT_SCN NUMBER
LOGFILE_ASSIGNMENT VARCHAR2(8)
STATUS_CHANGE_TIME DATE
ERROR_NUMBER NUMBER
ERROR_MESSAGE VARCHAR2(4000)
VERSION VARCHAR2(64)
CAPTURE_TYPE VARCHAR2(10)
LAST_ENQUEUED_SCN NUMBER
CHECKPOINT_RETENTION_TIME NUMBER
SQL> SELECT CAPTURE_NAME,status, CAPTURE_TYPE from dba_capture;
CAPTURE_NAME STATUS CAPTURE_TY
------------------------------ -------- ----------
CDC$C_CHICAGO_DAILY ENABLED DOWNSTREAM
SQL> desc dba_apply;
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
APPLY_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
QUEUE_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
QUEUE_OWNER NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
APPLY_CAPTURED VARCHAR2(3)
RULE_SET_NAME VARCHAR2(30)
RULE_SET_OWNER VARCHAR2(30)
APPLY_USER VARCHAR2(30)
APPLY_DATABASE_LINK VARCHAR2(128)
APPLY_TAG RAW(2000)
DDL_HANDLER VARCHAR2(98)
PRECOMMIT_HANDLER VARCHAR2(98)
MESSAGE_HANDLER VARCHAR2(98)
STATUS VARCHAR2(8)
MAX_APPLIED_MESSAGE_NUMBER NUMBER
NEGATIVE_RULE_SET_NAME VARCHAR2(30)
NEGATIVE_RULE_SET_OWNER VARCHAR2(30)
STATUS_CHANGE_TIME DATE
ERROR_NUMBER NUMBER
ERROR_MESSAGE VARCHAR2(4000)
SQL> select apply_name,status from dba_apply;
APPLY_NAME STATUS
------------------------------ --------
CDC$A_CHICAGO_DAILY ENABLEDAutoLog online 配置说明
与AutoLog archive配置不同的参数
--source端参数设置
log_archive_dest_1 ="location=/home/oracle/archive mandatory reopen=2"
log_archive_dest_2 ="service=targdb lgwr async optional noregister reopen=2
valid_for=(online_logfile,primary_role)"
--target端参数设置
log_archive_dest_1="location=/home/oracle/archive mandatory reopen=2
valid_for=(online_logfile,primary_role)"
log_archive_dest_2="location=/home/oracle/stdby_arch mandatory
valid_for=(standby_logfile,primary_role)"
--target端创建Standby Redo Log文件
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 4
('/home/oracle/oradata/targ/stdbylogs/slog4a.rdo') SIZE 50M;
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 5
('/home/oracle/oradata/targ/stdbylogs/slog5a.rdo') SIZE 50M;
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 6
('/home/oracle/oradata/targ/stdbylogs/slog6a.rdo') SIZE 50M;
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 7
('/home/oracle/oradata/targ/stdbylogs/slog7a.rdo') SIZE 50M;
--target端重新创建改变源
BEGIN
DBMS_CDC_PUBLISH.CREATE_AUTOLOG_CHANGE_SOURCE(
change_source_name => 'CHICAGO',
description => 'test source',
source_database => 'SOUR.REGRESS.RDBMS.DEV.US.ORACLE.COM',
first_scn => 582857,
online_log => 'y'); --使用online_log=>'y'指定为AutoLog online改变源
END;
/注：AutoLog online模式在一个中间数据库只能有一个改变源，并且只能包含一个改变集。
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