python UserAgent
import json
import os
import unittest
from ua_parser import user_agent_parser
from . import compat
from .parsers import parse
iphone_ua_string = 'Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 5_1 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/534.46 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Mobile/9B179 Safari/7534.48.3'
ipad_ua_string = 'Mozilla/5.0(iPad; U; CPU iPhone OS 3_2 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/531.21.10 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0.4 Mobile/7B314 Safari/531.21.10'
galaxy_tab_ua_string = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 2.2; en-us; SCH-I800 Build/FROYO) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1'
galaxy_s3_ua_string = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 4.0.4; en-gb; GT-I9300 Build/IMM76D) AppleWebKit/534.30 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/534.30'
kindle_fire_ua_string = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_3; en-us; Silk/1.1.0-80) AppleWebKit/533.16 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0 Safari/533.16 Silk-Accelerated=true'
playbook_ua_string = 'Mozilla/5.0 (PlayBook; U; RIM Tablet OS 2.0.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/535.8+ (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/7.2.0.1 Safari/535.8+'
nexus_7_ua_string = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 4.1.1; Nexus 7 Build/JRO03D) AppleWebKit/535.19 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/18.0.1025.166 Safari/535.19'
windows_phone_ua_string = 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows Phone OS 7.5; Trident/5.0; IEMobile/9.0; SAMSUNG; SGH-i917)'
blackberry_torch_ua_string = 'Mozilla/5.0 (BlackBerry; U; BlackBerry 9800; zh-TW) AppleWebKit/534.8+ (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/6.0.0.448 Mobile Safari/534.8+'
blackberry_bold_ua_string = 'BlackBerry9700/5.0.0.862 Profile/MIDP-2.1 Configuration/CLDC-1.1 VendorID/331 UNTRUSTED/1.0 3gpp-gba'
blackberry_bold_touch_ua_string = 'Mozilla/5.0 (BlackBerry; U; BlackBerry 9930; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.11+ (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/7.0.0.241 Mobile Safari/534.11+'
windows_rt_ua_string = 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.2; ARM; Trident/6.0)'
j2me_opera_ua_string = 'Opera/9.80 (J2ME/MIDP; Opera Mini/9.80 (J2ME/22.478; U; en) Presto/2.5.25 Version/10.54'
ie_ua_string = 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.2; Trident/6.0)'
ie_touch_ua_string = 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.2; Trident/6.0; Touch)'
mac_safari_ua_string = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_8) AppleWebKit/537.13+ (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1.7 Safari/534.57.2'
windows_ie_ua_string = 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0)'
ubuntu_firefox_ua_string = 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux i686; rv:15.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/15.0.1'
google_bot_ua_string = 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)'
nokia_n97_ua_string = 'Mozilla/5.0 (SymbianOS/9.4; Series60/5.0 NokiaN97-1/12.0.024; Profile/MIDP-2.1 Configuration/CLDC-1.1; en-us) AppleWebKit/525 (KHTML, like Gecko) BrowserNG/7.1.12344'
android_firefox_aurora_ua_string = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Android; Mobile; rv:27.0) Gecko/27.0 Firefox/27.0'
iphone_ua = parse(iphone_ua_string)
ipad_ua = parse(ipad_ua_string)
galaxy_tab = parse(galaxy_tab_ua_string)
galaxy_s3_ua = parse(galaxy_s3_ua_string)
kindle_fire_ua = parse(kindle_fire_ua_string)
playbook_ua = parse(playbook_ua_string)
nexus_7_ua = parse(nexus_7_ua_string)
windows_phone_ua = parse(windows_phone_ua_string)
windows_rt_ua = parse(windows_rt_ua_string)
blackberry_torch_ua = parse(blackberry_torch_ua_string)
blackberry_bold_ua = parse(blackberry_bold_ua_string)
blackberry_bold_touch_ua = parse(blackberry_bold_touch_ua_string)
j2me_opera_ua = parse(j2me_opera_ua_string)
ie_ua = parse(ie_ua_string)
ie_touch_ua = parse(ie_touch_ua_string)
mac_safari_ua = parse(mac_safari_ua_string)
windows_ie_ua = parse(windows_ie_ua_string)
ubuntu_firefox_ua = parse(ubuntu_firefox_ua_string)
google_bot_ua = parse(google_bot_ua_string)
nokia_n97_ua = parse(nokia_n97_ua_string)
android_firefox_aurora_ua = parse(android_firefox_aurora_ua_string)
class UserAgentsTest(unittest.TestCase):
def test_user_agent_object_assignments(self):
ua_dict = user_agent_parser.Parse(devices['iphone']['ua_string'])
iphone_ua = devices['iphone']['user_agent']
self.assertEqual(iphone_ua.browser.family,
ua_dict['user_agent']['family'])
self.assertEqual(
iphone_ua.browser.version,
(int(ua_dict['user_agent']['major']),
int(ua_dict['user_agent']['minor']))
)
self.assertEqual(iphone_ua.os.family, ua_dict['os']['family'])
self.assertEqual(
iphone_ua.os.version,
(int(ua_dict['os']['major']), int(ua_dict['os']['minor']))
)
self.assertEqual(iphone_ua.device.family,
ua_dict['device']['family'])
def test_is_tablet_property(self):
self.assertFalse(iphone_ua.is_tablet)
self.assertFalse(galaxy_s3_ua.is_tablet)
self.assertFalse(blackberry_torch_ua.is_tablet)
self.assertFalse(blackberry_bold_ua.is_tablet)
self.assertFalse(windows_phone_ua.is_tablet)
self.assertFalse(ie_ua.is_tablet)
self.assertFalse(ie_touch_ua.is_tablet)
self.assertFalse(mac_safari_ua.is_tablet)
self.assertFalse(windows_ie_ua.is_tablet)
self.assertFalse(ubuntu_firefox_ua.is_tablet)
self.assertFalse(j2me_opera_ua.is_tablet)
self.assertFalse(google_bot_ua.is_tablet)
self.assertFalse(nokia_n97_ua.is_tablet)
self.assertTrue(windows_rt_ua.is_tablet)
self.assertTrue(ipad_ua.is_tablet)
self.assertTrue(playbook_ua.is_tablet)
self.assertTrue(kindle_fire_ua.is_tablet)
self.assertTrue(nexus_7_ua.is_tablet)
self.assertFalse(android_firefox_aurora_ua.is_tablet)
def test_is_mobile_property(self):
self.assertTrue(iphone_ua.is_mobile)
self.assertTrue(galaxy_s3_ua.is_mobile)
self.assertTrue(blackberry_torch_ua.is_mobile)
self.assertTrue(blackberry_bold_ua.is_mobile)
self.assertTrue(windows_phone_ua.is_mobile)
self.assertTrue(j2me_opera_ua.is_mobile)
self.assertTrue(nokia_n97_ua.is_mobile)
self.assertFalse(windows_rt_ua.is_mobile)
self.assertFalse(ipad_ua.is_mobile)
self.assertFalse(playbook_ua.is_mobile)
self.assertFalse(kindle_fire_ua.is_mobile)
self.assertFalse(nexus_7_ua.is_mobile)
self.assertFalse(ie_ua.is_mobile)
self.assertFalse(ie_touch_ua.is_mobile)
self.assertFalse(mac_safari_ua.is_mobile)
self.assertFalse(windows_ie_ua.is_mobile)
self.assertFalse(ubuntu_firefox_ua.is_mobile)
self.assertFalse(google_bot_ua.is_mobile)
self.assertTrue(android_firefox_aurora_ua.is_mobile)
def test_is_touch_property(self):
self.assertTrue(iphone_ua.is_touch_capable)
self.assertTrue(galaxy_s3_ua.is_touch_capable)
self.assertTrue(ipad_ua.is_touch_capable)
self.assertTrue(playbook_ua.is_touch_capable)
self.assertTrue(kindle_fire_ua.is_touch_capable)
self.assertTrue(nexus_7_ua.is_touch_capable)
self.assertTrue(windows_phone_ua.is_touch_capable)
self.assertTrue(ie_touch_ua.is_touch_capable)
self.assertTrue(blackberry_bold_touch_ua.is_mobile)
self.assertTrue(blackberry_torch_ua.is_mobile)
self.assertFalse(j2me_opera_ua.is_touch_capable)
self.assertFalse(ie_ua.is_touch_capable)
self.assertFalse(blackberry_bold_ua.is_touch_capable)
self.assertFalse(mac_safari_ua.is_touch_capable)
self.assertFalse(windows_ie_ua.is_touch_capable)
self.assertFalse(ubuntu_firefox_ua.is_touch_capable)
self.assertFalse(google_bot_ua.is_touch_capable)
self.assertFalse(nokia_n97_ua.is_touch_capable)
self.assertTrue(android_firefox_aurora_ua.is_touch_capable)
def test_is_pc(self):
self.assertFalse(iphone_ua.is_pc)
self.assertFalse(galaxy_s3_ua.is_pc)
self.assertFalse(ipad_ua.is_pc)
self.assertFalse(playbook_ua.is_pc)
self.assertFalse(kindle_fire_ua.is_pc)
self.assertFalse(nexus_7_ua.is_pc)
self.assertFalse(windows_phone_ua.is_pc)
self.assertFalse(blackberry_bold_touch_ua.is_pc)
self.assertFalse(blackberry_torch_ua.is_pc)
self.assertFalse(blackberry_bold_ua.is_pc)
self.assertFalse(j2me_opera_ua.is_pc)
self.assertFalse(google_bot_ua.is_pc)
self.assertFalse(nokia_n97_ua.is_pc)
self.assertTrue(mac_safari_ua.is_pc)
self.assertTrue(windows_ie_ua.is_pc)
self.assertTrue(ubuntu_firefox_ua.is_pc)
self.assertTrue(ie_touch_ua.is_pc)
self.assertTrue(ie_ua.is_pc)
self.assertFalse(android_firefox_aurora_ua.is_pc)
def test_is_bot(self):
self.assertTrue(google_bot_ua.is_bot)
self.assertFalse(iphone_ua.is_bot)
self.assertFalse(galaxy_s3_ua.is_bot)
self.assertFalse(ipad_ua.is_bot)
self.assertFalse(playbook_ua.is_bot)
self.assertFalse(kindle_fire_ua.is_bot)
self.assertFalse(nexus_7_ua.is_bot)
self.assertFalse(windows_phone_ua.is_bot)
self.assertFalse(blackberry_bold_touch_ua.is_bot)
self.assertFalse(blackberry_torch_ua.is_bot)
self.assertFalse(blackberry_bold_ua.is_bot)
self.assertFalse(j2me_opera_ua.is_bot)
self.assertFalse(mac_safari_ua.is_bot)
self.assertFalse(windows_ie_ua.is_bot)
self.assertFalse(ubuntu_firefox_ua.is_bot)
self.assertFalse(ie_touch_ua.is_bot)
self.assertFalse(ie_ua.is_bot)
self.assertFalse(nokia_n97_ua.is_bot)
self.assertFalse(android_firefox_aurora_ua.is_bot)
def test_strings(self):
self.assertEqual(str(iphone_ua), "iPhone / iOS 5.1 / Mobile Safari 5.1")
self.assertEqual(str(ipad_ua), "iPad / iOS 3.2 / Mobile Safari 4.0.4")
self.assertEqual(str(galaxy_tab), "Samsung SCH-I800 / Android 2.2 / Android 2.2")
self.assertEqual(str(galaxy_s3_ua), "Samsung GT-I9300 / Android 4.0.4 / Android 4.0.4")
self.assertEqual(str(kindle_fire_ua), "Kindle / Android / Amazon Silk 1.1.0-80")
self.assertEqual(str(playbook_ua), "BlackBerry Playbook / BlackBerry Tablet OS 2.0.1 / BlackBerry WebKit 2.0.1")
self.assertEqual(str(nexus_7_ua), "Asus Nexus 7 / Android 4.1.1 / Chrome 18.0.1025")
self.assertEqual(str(windows_phone_ua), "Samsung SGH-i917 / Windows Phone 7.5 / IE Mobile 9")
self.assertEqual(str(windows_rt_ua), "PC / Windows RT / IE 10")
self.assertEqual(str(blackberry_torch_ua), "BlackBerry 9800 / BlackBerry OS 6 / BlackBerry WebKit 6")
self.assertEqual(str(blackberry_bold_ua), "BlackBerry 9700 / BlackBerry OS 5 / BlackBerry 9700")
self.assertEqual(str(blackberry_bold_touch_ua), "BlackBerry 9930 / BlackBerry OS 7 / BlackBerry WebKit 7")
self.assertEqual(str(j2me_opera_ua), "Generic Feature Phone / Other / Opera Mini 9.80")
self.assertEqual(str(ie_ua), "PC / Windows 8 / IE 10")
self.assertEqual(str(ie_touch_ua), "PC / Windows 8 / IE 10")
self.assertEqual(str(mac_safari_ua), "PC / Mac OS X 10.6.8 / WebKit Nightly 537.13")
self.assertEqual(str(windows_ie_ua), "PC / Windows 7 / IE 9")
self.assertEqual(str(ubuntu_firefox_ua), "PC / Ubuntu / Firefox 15.0.1")
self.assertEqual(str(google_bot_ua), "Spider / Other / Googlebot 2.1")
self.assertEqual(str(nokia_n97_ua), "Nokia N97 / Symbian OS 9.4 / Nokia Browser 7.1.12344")
self.assertEqual(str(android_firefox_aurora_ua), "Generic Smartphone / Android / Firefox Mobile 27")
def test_unicode_strings(self):
try:
unicode_ua_str = unicode(devices['iphone']['user_agent'])
self.assertEqual(unicode_ua_str,
u"iPhone / iOS 5.1 / Mobile Safari 5.1")
self.assertTrue(isinstance(unicode_ua_str, unicode))
except NameError:
unicode_ua_str = str(devices['iphone']['user_agent'])
self.assertEqual(unicode_ua_str,
"iPhone / iOS 5.1 / Mobile Safari 5.1")
with open(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'devices.json')) as f:
devices = json.load(f)
def test_wrapper(items):
def test_func(self):
attrs = ('is_bot', 'is_mobile',
'is_pc', 'is_tablet', 'is_touch_capable')
for attr in attrs:
self.assertEqual(
getattr(items['user_agent'], attr), items[attr], msg=attr)
return test_func
for device, items in compat.iteritems(devices):
items['user_agent'] = parse(items['ua_string'])
setattr(UserAgentsTest, 'test_' + device, test_wrapper(items))
... prompt'''
从Request对象中获取数据
我们在第三章讲述View的函数时已经介绍过HttpRequest对象了，但当时并没有讲太多。 让我们回忆下：每个view函数的第一个参数是一个HttpRequest对象，就像下面这个hello()函数:
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from django.http import HttpResponse
def hello(request):
return HttpResponse("Hello world")
HttpRequest对象，比如上面代码里的request变量，会有一些有趣的、你必须让自己熟悉的属性和方法，以便知道能拿它们来做些什么。 在view函数的执行过程中，你可以用这些属性来获取当前request的一些信息（比如，你正在加载这个页面的用户是谁，或者用的是什么浏览器）。
URL相关信息
HttpRequest对象包含当前请求URL的一些信息：
2015717145228518.jpg (703×207)
在view函数里，要始终用这个属性或方法来得到URL，而不要手动输入。 这会使得代码更加灵活，以便在其它地方重用。 下面是一个简单的例子：
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# BAD!
def current_url_view_bad(request):
return HttpResponse("Welcome to the page at /current/")
# GOOD
def current_url_view_good(request):
return HttpResponse("Welcome to the page at %s" % request.path)
有关request的其它信息
request.META 是一个Python字典，包含了所有本次HTTP请求的Header信息，比如用户IP地址和用户Agent（通常是浏览器的名称和版本号）。 注意，Header信息的完整列表取决于用户所发送的Header信息和服务器端设置的Header信息。 这个字典中几个常见的键值有：
HTTP_REFERER，进站前链接网页，如果有的话。 （请注意，它是REFERRER的笔误。）
HTTP_USER_AGENT，用户浏览器的user-agent字符串，如果有的话。 例如： "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; fr-FR; rv:1.8.1.17) Gecko/20080829 Firefox/2.0.0.17" .
REMOTE_ADDR 客户端IP，如："12.345.67.89" 。(如果申请是经过代理服务器的话，那么它可能是以逗号分割的多个IP地址，如："12.345.67.89,23.456.78.90" 。)
注意，因为 request.META 是一个普通的Python字典，因此当你试图访问一个不存在的键时，会触发一个KeyError异常。 （HTTP header信息是由用户的浏览器所提交的、不应该给予信任的“额外”数据，因此你总是应该好好设计你的应用以便当一个特定的Header数据不存在时，给出一个优雅的回应。）你应该用 try/except 语句，或者用Python字典的 get() 方法来处理这些“可能不存在的键”：
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# BAD!
def ua_display_bad(request):
ua = request.META['HTTP_USER_AGENT'] # Might raise KeyError!
return HttpResponse("Your browser is %s" % ua)
# GOOD (VERSION 1)
def ua_display_good1(request):
try:
ua = request.META['HTTP_USER_AGENT']
except KeyError:
ua = 'unknown'
return HttpResponse("Your browser is %s" % ua)
# GOOD (VERSION 2)
def ua_display_good2(request):
ua = request.META.get('HTTP_USER_AGENT', 'unknown')
return HttpResponse("Your browser is %s" % ua)
我们鼓励你动手写一个简单的view函数来显示 request.META 的所有数据，这样你就知道里面有什么了。 这个view函数可能是这样的：
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def display_meta(request):
values = request.META.items()
values.sort()
html = []
for k, v in values:
html.append('<tr><td>%s</td><td>%s</td></tr>' % (k, v))
return HttpResponse('<table>%s</table>' % '\n'.join(html))
做为一个练习，看你自己能不能把上面这个view函数改用Django模板系统来实现，而不是上面这样来手动输入HTML代码。 也可以试着把前面提到的 request.path 方法或 HttpRequest 对象的其它方法加进去。
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