道琼斯成份股的变化看美国经济发展

　从道琼斯成份股的变化看美国经济发展 几乎每次经济或金融危机都会导致一些行业的死亡，新的行业的诞生！ 经济或金融危机时候是道琼斯指数成份股变化最大的时刻

Dow Jones Industrial Average History

Global Financial Data provides a complete history of the Dow Jones Industrial Average back to 1885. The Dow index was first calculated in 1884, and records of the Dow Jones indices go back to 1885. Charles Dow published his initial market average on July 3rd, 1884 in the "Customer's Afternoon Letter". Below is a list of the stocks that have made up the Dow Jones Industrial Average at different points in time from 1885 to 2001.

The first group of stocks included 9 railroad stocks and 2 industrial stocks and was published on July 3, 1884

Chicago & Northwestern
Delaware, Lackawanna & Western
Lake Shore
Louisville & Nashville
Missouri Pacific
New York Central
Northern Pacific preferred
Pacific Mail Steamship
St. Paul Union Pacific
Western Union

---

A list of 12 railroads and two industrials was published on February 16, 1885

Central Pacific
Central Railroad of New Jersey
Chicago Milwaukee & St. Paul
Chicago & North Western
Delaware & Hudson Canal
Delaware, Lackawanna & Western
Lake Shore Railroad
Louisville & Nashville
Missouri Pacific
New York Central
Northern Pacific preferred
Pacific Mail Steamship
Union Pacific
Western Union

---

On January 2, 1886, the above list was replaced by an Average of 12 stocks, 10 of which were railroads and two of which were industrials.

Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul
Chicago & North Western
Delaware & Hudson Canal
Delaware, Lackawanna & Western
Lake Shore Railroad
Louisville & Nashville
Missouri Pacific
New York Central
Northern Pacific preferred
Pacific Mail Steamship
Union Pacific
Western Union

---

On April 9, 1894, three new stocks were added and three were deleted.

American Sugar
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy
Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul
Chicago & North Western
Chicago Rock Island & Pacific
Delaware & Hudson Canal
Delaware, Lackawanna & Western
Louisville & Nashville
Missouri Pacific
Northern Pacific preferred
Union Pacific
Western Union Telegraph

---

On May 26, 1896, Charles Dow introduced the first index that was devoted exclusively to Industrial Stocks. The is the first Dow Jones Industrial list:

American Cotton Oil
American Tobacco
Chicago Gas
Distilling and Cattle Feeding
General Electric
Laclede Gas
North American
Tennessee Coal & Iron
U.S. Leather preferred
U.S. Rubber

---

August 26, 1896

American Cotton Oil
American Tobacco
Chicago Gas
American Spirits Manufacturing (formerly Distilling and Cattle Feeding)
General Electric
Laclede Gas
U.S. Cordage preferred
Tennessee Coal & Iron
U.S. Leather preferred
U.S. Rubber

---

October 19, 1896

American Cotton Oil
American Spirits Manufacturing
American Sugar
American Tobacco
Chicago Gas
General Electric
Laclede Gas
National Lead
Tennessee Coal & Iron
U.S. Cordage preferred
U.S. Leather preferred
U.S. Rubber

---

November 10, 1896

American Cotton Oil
American Spirits Manufacturing
American Sugar
American Tobacco
Chicago Gas
General Electric
Laclede Gas
National Lead
Pacific Mail Steamship (replaces U.S. Rubber)
Tennessee Coal & Iron
U.S. Cordage preferred
U.S. Leather preferred

---

December 23, 1896

American Cotton Oil
American Spirits Manufacturing
American Sugar
American Tobacco
Chicago Gas
General Electric
Laclede Gas
National Lead
Pacific Mail Steamship
Standard Rope & Twine (replaced U.S. Cordage preferred)
Tennessee Coal & Iron
U.S. Leather preferred

---

March 24, 1898

American Cotton Oil
American Spirits Manufacturing
American Sugar
American Tobacco
General Electric
Laclede Gas
National Lead
Pacific Mail Steamship
People's Gas (replaces Chicago Gas)
Standard Rope & Twine
Tennessee Coal & Iron
U.S. Leather preferred

---

September 1898

American Cotton Oil
American Spirits Manufacturing
American Sugar
American Tobacco
Laclede Gas
National Lead
Pacific Mail Steamship
People's Gas
Standard Rope & Twine
Tennessee Coal & Iron
U.S. Leather preferred
U.S. Rubber (replaces General Electric)

---

April 21, 1899

American Cotton Oil
American Steel & Wire
American Sugar
Continental Tobacco
Federal Steel
General Electric
National Lead
Pacific Mail Steamship
People's Gas
Tennessee Coal & Iron
U.S. Leather preferred
U.S. Rubber

---

April 1, 1901

Amalgamated Copper
American Smelting & Refining
American Sugar
Continental Tobacco
International Paper preferred
National Lead
People's Gas
Tennessee Coal & Iron
U.S. Leather preferred
U.S. Rubber
U.S. Steel
U.S. Steel preferred

---

July 1, 1901

Amalgamated Copper
American Car & Foundry
American Sugar
Colorado Fuel & Iron
National Lead
People's Gas
Tennessee Coal & Iron
U.S. Leather preferred
U.S. Rubber
U.S. Steel
U.S. Steel preferred

---

April 1, 1905

Amalgamated Copper
American Car & Foundry
American Smelting & Refining
American Sugar
Colorado Fuel & Iron
National Lead
People's Gas
Tennessee Coal & Iron
U.S. Rubber
U.S. Rubber first preferred (replaces U.S. Leather preferred)
U.S. Steel
U.S. Steel preferred

---

November 7, 1907

Amalgamated Copper
American Car & Foundry
American Smelting & Refining
American Sugar
Colorado Fuel & Iron
General Electric (replaces Tennessee Coal and Iron)
National Lead
People's Gas
U.S. Rubber
U.S. Rubber first preferred
U.S. Steel
U.S. Steel preferred

---

May 12, 1912

Amalgamated Copper
American Car & Foundry
American Smelting & Refining
American Sugar
Central Leather (replaces Colorado Fuel and Iron)
General Electric
National Lead
People's Gas
U.S. Rubber
U.S. Rubber first preferred
U.S. Steel
U.S. Steel preferred

---

March 16, 1915

Amalgamated Copper
American Car & Foundry
American Smelting & Refining
American Sugar
Central Leather
General Electric
General Motors (replaces U.S. Rubber first preferred)
National Lead
People's Gas
U.S. Rubber
U.S. Steel
U.S. Steel preferred

---

July 29, 1915

American Car & Foundry
American Smelting & Refining
American Sugar
Anaconda Copper (replaces Amalgamated Copper)
Central Leather
General Electric
General Motors
National Lead
People's Gas
U.S. Rubber
U.S. Steel
U.S. Steel preferred

---

On October 4, 1916, the Dow Jones Industrial Average was revised. The new index included only common stocks, and the number of stocks was expanded from 12 stocks to 20 stocks. The series was calculated back to December 12, 1914 when the New York Stock Exchange reopened after closing at the beginning of World War I.

October 4, 1916

American Beet Sugar
American Can
American Car & Foundry
American Locomotive
American Smelting & Refining
American Sugar
American Telephone & Telegraph
Anaconda Copper
Baldwin Locomotive
Central Leather
General Electric
Goodrich
Republic Iron & Steel
Studebaker
Texas Company
U.S. Rubber
U.S. Steel
Utah Copper
Western Union
Westinghouse

---

March 1, 1920

American Can
American Car & Foundry
American Locomotive
American Smelting
American Sugar
American Telephone & Telegraph
Anaconda Copper
Baldwin Locomotive
Central Leather
Corn Products (replaces American Beet Sugar)
General Electric
Goodrich
Republic Iron & Steel
Studebaker
Texas Company
U.S. Rubber
U.S. Steel
Utah Copper
Western Union
Westinghouse

---

January 22, 1924

American Can
American Car & Foundry
American Locomotive
American Smelting
American Sugar
American Telephone & Telegraph
American Tobacco
Anaconda Copper
Baldwin Locomotive
Du Pont
General Electric
Mack Trucks
Republic Iron & Steel
Sears Roebuck & Co.
Studebaker
U.S. Rubber
U.S. Steel
Utah Copper
Western Union
Westinghouse

---

February 6, 1924

American Can
American Car & Foundry
American Locomotive
American Smelting
American Sugar
American Telephone and Telegraph
American Tobacco
Anaconda Copper
Baldwin Locomotive
Du Pont
General Electric
Mack Trucks
Republic Iron & Steel
Sears Roebuck & Co.
Standard Oil of California (replaces Utah Copper)
Studebaker
U.S. Rubber
U.S. Steel
Western Union
Westinghouse

---

May 12, 1924

American Can
American Car & Foundry
American Locomotive
American Smelting
American Sugar
American Telephone and Telegraph
American Tobacco
Anaconda Copper
Baldwin Locomotive
Du Pont
General Electric
Mack Trucks
Sears Roebuck and Co.
Standard Oil of California
Studebaker non - par (replaces old Studebaker stock)
U.S. Rubber
U.S. Steel
Western Union
Westinghouse
Woolworth (replaces Republic Iron and Steel)

---

August 31, 1925

American Can
American Car & Foundry
American Locomotive
American Smelting
American Sugar
American Telephone & Telegraph
American Tobacco
General Electric
General Motors
International Harvester
Kennecott
Mack Trucks
Sears Roebuck & Co.
Texas Company
U.S. Realty
U.S. Rubber
U.S. Steel
Western Union
Westinghouse
Woolworth

---

December 7, 1925

Allied Chemical
American Can
American Car & Foundry
American Locomotive
American Smelting
American Sugar
American Telephone & Telegraph
American Tobacco
General Electric
General Motors
International Harvester
Kennecott
Mack Trucks
Paramount Famous Lasky
Sears Roebuck & Co.
Texas Company
U.S. Rubber
U.S. Steel
Western Union
Woolworth

---

December 31, 1925

Allied Chemical
American Can
American Car & Foundry
American Locomotive
American Smelting
American Sugar
American Telephone & Telegraph
American Tobacco
General Electric
General Motors
International Harvester
Mack Trucks
Paramount Famous Lasky
Remington Typewriter
Sears Roebuck & Co.
Texas Company
U.S. Rubber
U.S. Steel
Western Union
Woolworth

---

March 16, 1927

Allied Chemical
American Can
American Car & Foundry
American Locomotive
American Smelting
American Sugar
American Telephone & Telegraph
American Tobacco
General Electric
General Motors
International Harvester
Mack Trucks
Paramount Famous Lasky
Sears Roebuck & Co.
Texas Company
United Drug (replaces Remington Typewriter)

U.S. Rubber
U.S. Steel
Western Union
Woolworth

---

On October 1, 1928, the Dow Jones Industrial Average was expanded to include 30 stocks. A divisor was introduced to adjust for the effect of stock splits, stock distributions, and stock substitutions on the Average.

Allied Chemical
Allied Can
American Smelting
American Sugar
American Tobacco
Atlantic Refining
Bethlehem Steel
Chrysler
General Electric
General Motors
General Railway Signal
Goodrich
International Harvester
International Nickel
Mack Trucks
Nash Motors
North American
Paramount Publix
Postum, Inc
Radio Corporation
Sears Roebuck & Co
Standard Oil (N.J.)
Texas Corporation
Texas Gulf Sulphur
Union Carbide
U.S. Steel
Victor Talking Machine
Westinghouse Electric
Woolworth
Wright Aeronautical

---

January 8, 1929

Allied Chemical
Allied Can
American Smelting
American Sugar
American Tobacco
Atlantic Refining
Bethlehem Steel
Chrysler
General Electric
General Motors
General Railway Signal
Goodrich
International Harvester
International Nickel
Mack Trucks
Nash Motors
National Cash Register (replaces Victor Talking Machine)
North American
Paramount Publix
Postum, Inc
Radio Corporation
Sears Roebuck & Co
Standard Oil (N.J.)
Texas Corporation
Texas Gulf Sulphur
Union Carbide
U.S. Steel
Westinghouse Electric
Woolworth
Wright Aeronautical

---

The list was revised in September 1929, and the stocks listed below are the components of the Dow Jones Industrial Average when the market crashed on October 29th, 1929.

September 14, 1929

Allied Chemical
Allied Can
American Smelting
American Sugar
American Tobacco
Atlantic Refining
Bethlehem Steel
Chrysler
Curtiss-Wright (replaces Wright Aeronautical)
General Electric
General Foods (formerly Postum Inc.)
General Motors
General Railway Signal
Goodrich
International Harvester
International Nickel
Mack Trucks
Nash Motors
National Cash Register
North American
Paramount Publix
Radio Corporation
Sears Roebuck & Co
Standard Oil (N.J.)
Texas Corporation
Texas Gulf Sulphur
Union Carbide
U.S. Steel
Westinghouse Electric
Woolworth

---

January 29, 1930

Allied Chemical
Allied Can
American Smelting
American Sugar
American Tobacco
Atlantic Refining
Bethlehem Steel
Chrysler
Curtiss-Wright
General Electric
General Foods
General Motors
General Railway Signal
Goodrich
International Harvester
International Nickel
Johns-Manville (replaces North American)
Mack Trucks
Nash Motors
National Cash Register
Paramount Publix
Radio Corporation
Sears Roebuck & Co
Standard Oil (N.J.)
Texas Corporation
Texas Gulf Sulphur
Union Carbide
U.S. Steel
Westinghouse Electric
Woolworth

---

July 1930

Allied Chemical
Allied Can
American Smelting
Bethlehem Steel
Borden (replaces American Sugar)
Chrysler
Eastman Kodak (replaces American Tobacco B)
General Electric
General Foods
General Motors
Goodyear (replaces Atlantic Refining)
Hudson Motor (replaces Curtiss-Wright)
International Harvester
International Nickel
Johns-Manville
Liggett & Myers (replaces General Railway Signal)
Mack Trucks
National Cash Register
Paramount Publix
Radio Corporation
Sears Roebuck & Co
Standard Oil of California (replaces Goodrich)
Standard Oil (N.J.)
Texas Corporation
Texas Gulf Sulphur
Union Carbide
United Air Transport (replaces Nash Motors)
U.S. Steel
Westinghouse Electric
Woolworth

---

May 26, 1932

Allied Chemical
Allied Can
American Smelting
American Tobacco B (replaces Liggett & Myers)
Bethlehem Steel
Borden
Chrysler
Coca Cola (replaces Hudson Motor)
Drug Inc. (replaces Mack Trucks)
Eastman Kodak
General Electric
General Foods
General Motors
Goodyear
International Business Machines (replaces National Cash Register)
International Harvester
International Nickel
International Shoe (replaces Texas Gulf Sulphur)
Johns-Manville
Loew's (replaces Paramount Publix)
Nash Motors (replaces Radio Corp.)
Procter & Gamble (replaces United Air Transport)
Sears Roebuck & Co
Standard Oil of California
Standard Oil (N.J.)
Texas Corporation
Union Carbide
U.S. Steel
Westinghouse Electric
Woolworth

---

August 15, 1933

Allied Chemical
Allied Can
American Smelting
American Tobacco B.
Bethlehem Steel
Borden
Chrysler
Coca Cola
Corn Products Refining (replaces Drug Inc.)
Eastman Kodak
General Electric
General Foods
General Motors
Goodyear
International Business Machines
International Harvester
International Nickel
Johns-Manville
Loew's
Nash Motors
Procter & Gamble
Sears Roebuck & Co
Standard Oil of California
Standard Oil (N.J.)
Texas Corporation
Union Carbide

United Aircraft (replaces International Shoe)
U.S. Steel
Westinghouse Electric
Woolworth

 

---

August 13, 1933

Allied Chemical
Allied Can
American Smelting
American Tobacco B.
Bethlehem Steel
Borden
Chrysler
Coca Cola
Corn Products Refining (replaces Drug Inc.)
Eastman Kodak
General Electric
General Foods
General Motors
Goodyear
International Business Machines
International Harvester
International Nickel
Johns-Manville
Loew's
Nash Motors
National Distillers (replaces United Aircraft)
Procter & Gamble
Sears Roebuck & Co
Standard Oil of California
Standard Oil (N.J.)
Texas Corporation
Union Carbide

United Aircraft (replaces International Shoe)
U.S. Steel
Westinghouse Electric
Woolworth

---

November 20, 1935

Allied Chemical
Allied Can
American Smelting
American Tobacco B.
Bethlehem Steel
Chrysler
Corn Products Refining
Du Pont (replaces Borden)
Eastman Kodak
General Electric
General Foods
General Motors
Goodyear
International Business Machines
International Harvester
International Nickel
Johns-Manville
Loew's
Nash Motors (renamed Nash Kelvinator on January 8, 1937)
National Distillers

National Steel (replaces Coca Cola)
Procter & Gamble
Sears Roebuck & Co
Standard Oil of California
Standard Oil (N.J.)
Texas Corporation
Union Carbide
U.S. Steel
Westinghouse Electric
Woolworth

---

March 14, 1939

Allied Chemical
Allied Can
American Smelting
American Telephone & Telegraph (replaces International Business Machine)
American Tobacco B.
Bethlehem Steel
Chrysler
Corn Products Refining
Du Pont
Eastman Kodak
General Electric
General Foods
General Motors
Goodyear
International Harvester
International Nickel
Johns-Manville
Loew's
National Distillers
National Steel
Procter & Gamble
Sears Roebuck & Co
Standard Oil of California
Standard Oil (N.J.)
Texas Corporation
Union Carbide
United Aircraft (replaces Nash Kelvinator)
U.S. Steel
Westinghouse Electric
Woolworth

---

July 3, 1956

Allied Chemical
Allied Can
American Smelting
American Telephone & Telegraph
American Tobacco B.
Bethlehem Steel
Chrysler
Corn Products Refining
Du Pont
Eastman Kodak
General Electric
General Foods
General Motors
Goodyear
International Harvester
International Nickel
International Paper (replaces Loew's Inc.)
Johns-Manville
National Distillers
National Steel
Procter & Gamble
Sears Roebuck & Co
Standard Oil of California
Standard Oil (N.J.)
Texas Corporation
Union Carbide
United Aircraft
U.S. Steel
Westinghouse Electric
Woolworth

---

June 1, 1959

Allied Chemical
Aluminum Company Of America (replaces National Steel)
American Can
American Telephone & Telegraph
American Tobacco
Anaconda (replaces American Smelting)
Bethlehem Steel
Chrysler
Du Pont
Eastman Kodak
General Electric
General Foods
General Motors
Goodyear
International Harvester
International Nickel (name changed to Inco on April 21, 1976)
International Paper
Johns-Manville
Owen's-Illinois Glass (replaces National Distillers)
Procter & Gamble
Sears Roebuck & Co
Standard Oil of California
Standard Oil (N.J.) (name changed to Exxon on November 1, 1972)
Swift & Co. (replaces Corn Products, name changed to Esmark on May 30, 1973)
Texas Corporation
Union Carbide
United Aircraft (name changed to United Technologies on May 1, 1975)
U.S. Steel
Westinghouse Electric
Woolworth

---

August 9, 1976

Allied Chemical
Aluminum Company Of America
American Can
American Telephone & Telegraph
American Tobacco B.
Bethlehem Steel
Chrysler
Du Pont
Eastman Kodak
Esmark
Exxon
General Electric
General Foods
General Motors
Goodyear
International Harvester
Inco
International Paper
Johns-Manville
Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing (replaces Anaconda)
Owen's-Illinois Glass
Procter & Gamble
Sears Roebuck & Co
Standard Oil of California
Texas Corporation
Union Carbide
United Technologies
U.S. Steel
Westinghouse Electric
Woolworth

---

June 29, 1979

Allied Chemical
Aluminum Company Of America
American Can
American Telephone & Telegraph
American Tobacco B.
Bethlehem Steel
Du Pont
Eastman Kodak
Exxon
General Electric
General Foods
General Motors
Goodyear
International Business Machines (replaces Chrysler)
International Harvester
Inco
International Paper
Johns-Manville
Merck (replaces Esmark)
Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing
Owen's-Illinois Glass
Procter & Gamble
Sears Roebuck & Co
Standard Oil of California
Texas Corporation
Union Carbide
United Aircraft
U.S. Steel
Westinghouse Electric
Woolworth

---

August 30, 1982

Allied Chemical (renamed Allied-Signal Inc. on September 19, 1985)
Aluminum Company Of America
American Can

American Express Co. (replaces Manville Corp.)
American Telephone & Telegraph
American Tobacco B.
Bethlehem Steel
Du Pont
Eastman Kodak
Exxon
General Electric
General Foods
General Motors
Goodyear
International Business Machines 
International Harvester
Inco
International Paper
Merck
Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing
Owen's-Illinois Glass
Procter & Gamble
Sears Roebuck & Co
Standard Oil of California (renamed Chevron on July 2, 1984)
Texas Corporation
Union Carbide
United Aircraft
U.S. Steel
Westinghouse Electric
Woolworth

---

October 30, 1985

Allied-Signal Inc.
Aluminum Company Of America
American Can
American Express
American Telephone & Telegraph
Bethlehem Steel
Chevron Corporation
Du Pont
Eastman Kodak
Exxon
General Electric
General Motors
Goodyear
Inco
International Business Machines
International Harvester (renamed Navistar International Corp. on February 20, 1986)
International Paper
McDonald's Corporation (replaces American Brands Inc.)
Merck & Company
Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing
Owen's-Illinois
Philip Morris Companies (replaces General Foods Corp.)
Procter & Gamble
Sears Roebuck & Co
Texaco
Union Carbide
United Technologies
U.S. Steel (renamed USX Corp. on July 8, 1986)
Westinghouse Electric
Woolworth

---

March 12, 1987

Allied-Signal Inc.
Aluminum Company Of America
American Can (name changed to Primerica Corp. on April 29, 1987. Primerica Corp. merged into Commercial Credit Group Inc., which adopted the Primerica Corporation's name, on December 16, 1988)
American Express
American Telephone & Telegraph
Bethlehem Steel

Boeing Co. (replaces Inco Ltd.)
Chevron Corporation

Coca-Cola Co. (replaces Owens-Illinois Inc.)
Du Pont
Eastman Kodak
Exxon
General Electric
General Motors
Goodyear
International Business Machines
International Paper
McDonald's Corporation
Merck & Company
Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing

Navistar International Corp.
Philip Morris Companies
Procter & Gamble
Sears Roebuck & Co
Texaco
Union Carbide
United Technologies
USX Corporation
Westinghouse Electric
Woolworth

---

May 6, 1991

American Telephone and Telegraph (renamed AT&T Corp. on April 20, 1994)
Allied-Signal (name changed to AlliedSignal Inc. on April 26, 1993)
Alcoa
American Express
Bethlehem Steel
Boeing
Caterpillar Inc. (replaces Navistar International Corp.)
Chevron Corporation
Coca Cola
Walt Disney Co. (replaces USX Corporation)
Du Pont
Eastman Kodak
Exxon
General Electric
General Motors
Goodyear
International Business Machines
International Paper
McDonald's Corporation
Merck & Company
Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing
Morgan J. P. (replaces Primerica Corp.)
Philip Morris Companies
Procter & Gamble
Sears Roebuck & Co
Texaco
Union Carbide
United Technologies
Westinghouse Electric
Woolworth

---

March 1997

AT&T
Allied-Signal
Aluminum Company of America (name changed to Alcoa, Inc. on January 4, 1999)
American Express
Boeing
Caterpillar
Chevron Corporation
Coca Cola
Disney
Du Pont
Eastman Kodak
Exxon
General Electric
General Motors
Goodyear
Hewlett Packard
International Business Machines
International Paper
Johnson & Johnson
McDonald's Corporation
Merck & Company
Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing
Morgan J. P.
Philip Morris Companies
Procter & Gamble
Sears Roebuck & Co
Travelers Group (name changed to Citigroup Inc. on October 18, 1998)
Union Carbide
United Technologies
Wal-Mart Stores (replaces Woolworth)

---

November 1, 1999

The most recent change in the Dow Jones Industrial Average occurred on November 1, 1999. Here is the current list of the Dow Jones Industrial Average:

AT&T
Alcoa
American Express
Boeing
Caterpillar
Citigroup
Coca Cola
Disney
Du Pont
Eastman Kodak
Exxon (name changed to Exxon Mobil Corp. on December 1, 1999)
General Electric
General Motors
Hewlett Packard
Home Depot (replaces Sears, Roebuck and Co.)
Honeywell International Inc. (name changed to Allied Signal Inc. on December 2, 1999 after merging with Honeywell International)
Intel Corporation
International Business Machines
International Paper
Johnson & Johnson
McDonald's Corporation
Merck & Company
Microsoft Corporation
Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing
Morgan J. P. (name changed J. P. Morgan Chase and Co. on January 2, 2001 after merging with Chase Manhattan Corp.)
Philip Morris Companies
Procter & Gamble
SBC Communications
United Technologies
Wal-Mart Stores

编辑本段【道·琼斯指数简介】

　　道·琼斯指数是算术平均股价指数。

　　道琼斯指数是世界上历史最为悠久的股票指数，它的全称为股票价格平均指数。通常人们所说的道琼斯指数有可能是指道琼斯指数四组中的第一组道琼斯工业平均指数（Dow Jones Industrial Average）。

　　道琼斯指数最早是在1884年由道·琼斯公司的创始人查理斯·道开始编制的。其最初的道琼斯股票价格平均指数是根据11种具有代表性的铁路公司的股票，采用算术平均法进行计算编制而成，发表在查理斯·道自己编辑出版的《每日通讯》上。其计算公式为：

　　股票价格平均数＝入选股票的价格之和/入选股票的数量　

　　该指数目的在于反映美国股票市场的总体走势，涵盖金融、科技、娱乐、零售等多个行业。道琼斯工业平均指数目前由《华尔街日报》编辑部维护，其成份股的选择标准包括成份股公司持续发展，规模较大、声誉卓著，具有行业代表性，并且为大多数投资者所追捧。目前，道琼斯工业平均指数中的30种成份股是美国蓝筹股的代表。这个神秘的指数的细微变化，带给亿万人惊恐或狂喜，它已经不是一个普通的财务指标，而是世界金融文化的代号。而什么是道琼斯指数？查尔斯·亨利·道，仅仅读过小学的小农场主，依靠自学成为出色的财经记者。爱德华·戴维斯·琼斯，毕业于布朗大学，像他的红胡子显示的那样脾气暴躁。查尔斯·密尔福特·伯格斯特里瑟，因为姓氏过长失去了永留史册的机会。

　　道·琼斯指数，即道·琼斯股票价格平均指数，是世界上最有影响、使用最广的股价指数。它以在纽约证券交易所挂牌上市的一部分有代表性的公司股票作为编制对象，由四种股价平均指数构成，分别是：

　　①以30家著名的工业公司股票为编制对象的道·琼斯工业股价平均指数；

　　②以20家著名的交通运输业公司股票为编制对象的道·琼斯运输业股价平均指数；

　　③以6家著名的公用事业公司股票为编制对象的道·琼斯公用事业股价平均指数；

　　④以上述三种股价平均指数所涉及的56家公司股票为编制对象的道·琼斯股价综合平均指数。

　　在四种道·琼斯股价指数中，以道·琼斯工业股价平均指数最为著名，它被大众传媒广泛地报道，并作为道·琼斯指数的代表加以引用。道·琼斯指数由美国报业集团——道·琼斯公司负责编制并发布，登载在其属下的《华尔街日报》上。历史上第一次公布道·琼斯指数是在1884年7月3日，当时的指数样本包括11种股票，由道·琼斯公司的创始人之一、《华尔街日报》首任编辑查尔斯·亨利·道（Charles Henry Dow l851-1902年）编制。1928年10月1日起其样本股增加到30种并保持至今，但作为样本股的公司已经历过多次调整。道·琼斯指数是算术平均股价指数。

　　自1897年起，道·琼斯股票价格平均指数开始分成工业与运输业两大类，其中工业股票价格平均指数包括12种股票，运输业平均指数则包括20种股票，并且开始在道·琼斯公司出版的《华尔街日报》上公布。在1929年，道·琼斯股票价格平均指数又增加了公用事业类股票，使其所包含的股票达到65种，并一直延续至今。

　　现在的道·琼斯股票价格平均指数是以1928年10月1日为基期，因为这一天收盘时的道·琼斯股票价格平均数恰好约为100美元，所以就将其定为基准日。而以后股票价格同基期相比计算出的百分数，就成为各期的投票价格指数，所以现在的股票指数普遍用点来做单位，而股票指数每一点的涨跌就是相对于基准日的涨跌百分数。

　　道·琼斯股票价格平均指数最初的计算方法是用简单算术平均法求得，当遇到股票的除权除息时，股票指数将发生不连续的现象。1928年后，道·琼斯股票价格平均数就改用新的计算方法，即在计点的股票除权或除息时采用连接技术，以保证股票指数的连续，从而使股票指数得到了完善，并逐渐推广到全世界。