关于C++覆盖与复写

 关于c++的覆盖与复写，写了个测试程序，以明确一些概念。发此博客以记录。

1.c++中的多态只是发生在指针或者引用上，对象赋值不存在多态。（见例子中的funcRecoverAssignTest（））

2.对象赋值亦会赋值基类变量。（同样见funcRecoverAssignTest（））

3.当不声明成员函数为多态时（virtual关键字），子类签名相同的成员函数形成覆盖。此时基类指针不会去查虚表，调用的是基类的成员函数（见funcRecoverTest（））

4.引用表现于指针基本一样。

综上推断c++类与对象模型：

1.c++类模型在编译时确定，运行时在堆上分配的是存放成员变量的空间。

2.当声明成员函数为多态时，对象会生成一个虚表，保存多态的成员函数列表。当指针调用时，会查找对象自带的虚表，找到正确的多态函数。

3.如果成员函数不声明为多态，则分配对象时，不会将其列入多态成员函数的虚表，侧当调用函数时，调用的为原对象的成员函数，从而不会形成多态。

代码：

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Base
{
public:
	Base(int i = 1):m_iTag(i)
	{
	}

	virtual void VPrint()
	{
		cout<<"from base calss virtual print:"<<endl;
		print();
	}

	void NPrint()
	{
		cout<<"from base calss Nonmal print:"<<endl;
		print();
	}

	virtual void PrintTag()
	{
		cout<<"the tag is "<<m_iTag<<endl;
	}

	int GetTag()
	{
		return m_iTag;
	}

protected:

	virtual void print()
	{
		cout<<"This is the base class"<<endl;
		cout<<endl;
	}

	void SetTag(int i)
	{
		m_iTag = i;
	}


private:
	int m_iTag;

};

class Super : public Base
{

public:
	Super():Base(2),m_iSuperTag(3)
	{

	}
	void VPrint()
	{
		cout<<"from Super calss virtual print:"<<endl;
		print();
	}

	void NPrint()
	{
		cout<<"from Super calss Nonmal print:"<<endl;
		print();
	}

	void PrintTag()
	{
		cout<<"from super print tag:"<<endl;
		Base::PrintTag();
		cout<<"the super tag is "<<m_iSuperTag<<endl;
	}

protected:

	void print()
	{
		cout<<"This is the Super class"<<endl;
		cout<<endl;
	}

private:

	int m_iSuperTag;
};

void funcRecoverTest()
{
	cout<<"This is recover point test:"<<endl<<endl;

	Super aSuper;

	Base * paBase = &aSuper;

	paBase->VPrint();
	paBase->NPrint();
	paBase->PrintTag();

	cout<<endl;
}

void funcRecoverAssignTest()
{
	cout<<"This is recover assign test:"<<endl<<endl;

	Super aSuper;

	Base  aBase = aSuper;

	aBase.VPrint();
	aBase.NPrint();
	aBase.PrintTag();

	cout<<endl;
}

void funcRefTest()
{

	cout<<"This is ref test:"<<endl<<endl;
	Super aSuper;

	Base  &aBase = aSuper;

	aBase.VPrint();
	aBase.NPrint();
	aBase.PrintTag();

	cout<<endl;
}

void printNextTest()
{
	cout<<endl<<endl;
}

void funcGrammerInheritancyTest()
{
	funcRecoverTest();
	printNextTest();

	funcRecoverAssignTest();
	printNextTest();

	funcRefTest();
	printNextTest();
}

运行结果：

This is recover point test:

from Super calss virtual print:
This is the Super class

from base calss Nonmal print:
This is the Super class

from super print tag:
the tag is 2
the super tag is 3



This is recover assign test:

from base calss virtual print:
This is the base class

from base calss Nonmal print:
This is the base class

the tag is 2



This is ref test:

from Super calss virtual print:
This is the Super class

from base calss Nonmal print:
This is the Super class

from super print tag:
the tag is 2
the super tag is 3



请按任意键继续. . .