互联网高并发之Hystrix实现服务隔离和降级
当大多数人在使用Tomcat时,多个HTTP服务会共享一个线程池,假设其中一个HTTP服务访问的数据库响应非常慢,这将造成服务响应时间延迟增加,大多数线程阻塞等待数据响应返回,导致整个Tomcat线程池都被该服务占用,甚至拖垮整个Tomcat。因此,如果我们能把不同HTTP服务隔离到不同的线程池,则某个HTTP服务的线程池满了也不会对其他服务造成灾难性故障。这就需要线程隔离或者信号量隔离来实现了。
使用线程隔离或信号隔离的目的是为不同的服务分配一定的资源,当自己的资源用完,直接返回失败而不是占用别人的资源。
Hystrix实现服务隔离两种方案
Hystrix的资源隔离策略有两种,分别为:线程池和信号量。
线程池方式
1、 使用线程池隔离可以完全隔离第三方应用,请求线程可以快速放回。 2、 请求线程可以继续接受新的请求,如果出现问题线程池隔离是独立的不会影响其他应用。
3、 当失败的应用再次变得可用时,线程池将清理并可立即恢复,而不需要一个长时间的恢复。
4、 独立的线程池提高了并发性
缺点:
线程池隔离的主要缺点是它们增加计算开销(CPU)。每个命令的执行涉及到排队、调度和上 下文切换都是在一个单独的线程上运行的。
每个服务接口都有自己独立的线程池,管理运行当前自己的接口。但是cpu开销比较大
在同一个线程池中,素有请求全部到一个服务进行访问,这时候会导致其他服服务没有线程接收请求访问,所以就会产生服务雪崩效应
Member:
pom:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.itmayeidu</groupId>
<artifactId>member</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.0.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.httpcomponents/httpclient -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/fastjson -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.47</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
controller
package com.toov5.controller;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/member")
public class MemberController {
@RequestMapping("/memberIndex")
public Object memberIndex() throws InterruptedException {
Map<String, Object> hashMap = new HashMap<String, Object>();
hashMap.put("code", 200);
hashMap.put("msg", "memberIndex");
Thread.sleep(1500);
return hashMap;
}
}
启动类
package com.toov5.controller;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class AppMember {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(AppMember.class, args);
}
}
yml:
server:
port: 8081
Order
pom
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.itmayeidu</groupId>
<artifactId>order</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.0.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.httpcomponents/httpclient -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/fastjson -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.47</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.netflix.hystrix</groupId>
<artifactId>hystrix-metrics-event-stream</artifactId>
<version>1.5.12</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.netflix.hystrix</groupId>
<artifactId>hystrix-javanica</artifactId>
<version>1.5.12</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
controller
package com.toov5.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.toov5.hystrix.OrderHystrixCommand;
import com.toov5.hystrix.OrderHystrixCommand2;
import com.toov5.service.MemberService;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/order")
public class OrderController {
@Autowired
private MemberService memberService;
@RequestMapping("/orderIndex")
public Object orderIndex() throws InterruptedException {
JSONObject member = memberService.getMember(); //返回值与OrderHystrixCommand中的泛型对应
System.out.println("当前线程名称:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + ",订单服务调用会员服务:member:" + member);
return member;
}
// 已经理解
@RequestMapping("/orderIndexHystrix")
public Object orderIndexHystrix() throws InterruptedException {
return new OrderHystrixCommand(memberService).execute();
}
@RequestMapping("/findOrderIndex")
public Object findIndex() {
System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + ",findOrderIndex");
return "findOrderIndex";
}
}
service
package com.toov5.service;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.toov5.utils.HttpClientUtils;
@Service
public class MemberService {
public JSONObject getMember() {
JSONObject result = HttpClientUtils.httpGet("http://127.0.0.1:8081/member/memberIndex");
return result;
}
}
utils
package com.toov5.utils;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* HttpClient4.3工具类
*
* @author hang.luo
*/
public class HttpClientUtils {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpClientUtils.class); // 日志记录
private static RequestConfig requestConfig = null;
static {
// 设置请求和传输超时时间
requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setSocketTimeout(2000).setConnectTimeout(2000).build();
}
/**
* post请求传输json参数
*
* @param url
* url地址
* @param json
* 参数
* @return
*/
public static JSONObject httpPost(String url, JSONObject jsonParam) {
// post请求返回结果
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
JSONObject jsonResult = null;
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
// 设置请求和传输超时时间
httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
try {
if (null != jsonParam) {
// 解决中文乱码问题
StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(jsonParam.toString(), "utf-8");
entity.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
entity.setContentType("application/json");
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
}
CloseableHttpResponse result = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
// 请求发送成功,并得到响应
if (result.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
String str = "";
try {
// 读取服务器返回过来的json字符串数据
str = EntityUtils.toString(result.getEntity(), "utf-8");
// 把json字符串转换成json对象
jsonResult = JSONObject.parseObject(str);
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("post请求提交失败:" + url, e);
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("post请求提交失败:" + url, e);
} finally {
httpPost.releaseConnection();
}
return jsonResult;
}
/**
* post请求传输String参数 例如:name=Jack&sex=1&type=2
* Content-type:application/x-www-form-urlencoded
*
* @param url
* url地址
* @param strParam
* 参数
* @return
*/
public static JSONObject httpPost(String url, String strParam) {
// post请求返回结果
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
JSONObject jsonResult = null;
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
try {
if (null != strParam) {
// 解决中文乱码问题
StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(strParam, "utf-8");
entity.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
entity.setContentType("application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
}
CloseableHttpResponse result = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
// 请求发送成功,并得到响应
if (result.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
String str = "";
try {
// 读取服务器返回过来的json字符串数据
str = EntityUtils.toString(result.getEntity(), "utf-8");
// 把json字符串转换成json对象
jsonResult = JSONObject.parseObject(str);
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("post请求提交失败:" + url, e);
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("post请求提交失败:" + url, e);
} finally {
httpPost.releaseConnection();
}
return jsonResult;
}
/**
* 发送get请求
*
* @param url
* 路径
* @return
*/
public static JSONObject httpGet(String url) {
// get请求返回结果
JSONObject jsonResult = null;
CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 发送get请求
HttpGet request = new HttpGet(url);
request.setConfig(requestConfig);
try {
CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(request);
// 请求发送成功,并得到响应
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
// 读取服务器返回过来的json字符串数据
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
String strResult = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");
// 把json字符串转换成json对象
jsonResult = JSONObject.parseObject(strResult);
} else {
logger.error("get请求提交失败:" + url);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("get请求提交失败:" + url, e);
} finally {
request.releaseConnection();
}
return jsonResult;
}
}
Hystrix:
package com.toov5.hystrix;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.netflix.hystrix.HystrixCommand;
import com.netflix.hystrix.HystrixCommandGroupKey;
import com.netflix.hystrix.HystrixCommandKey;
import com.netflix.hystrix.HystrixCommandProperties;
import com.netflix.hystrix.HystrixThreadPoolKey;
import com.netflix.hystrix.HystrixThreadPoolProperties;
import com.toov5.service.MemberService;
@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
public class OrderHystrixCommand extends HystrixCommand<JSONObject> {
@Autowired
private MemberService memberService;
/**
* @param group
*/
public OrderHystrixCommand(MemberService memberService) {
super(setter()); //隔离
this.memberService = memberService;
}
//表示服务执行的代码
protected JSONObject run() throws Exception {
JSONObject member = memberService.getMember();
System.out.println("当前线程名称:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + ",订单服务调用会员服务:member:" + member);
return member;
}
private static Setter setter() {
// 服务分组 相同的会员是一组
HystrixCommandGroupKey groupKey = HystrixCommandGroupKey.Factory.asKey("members");
// 服务标识
HystrixCommandKey commandKey = HystrixCommandKey.Factory.asKey("member");
// 线程池名称
HystrixThreadPoolKey threadPoolKey = HystrixThreadPoolKey.Factory.asKey("member-pool");
// 线程池配置 线程池大小为10,线程存活时间15秒 队列等待的阈值为100,超过100执行拒绝策略
HystrixThreadPoolProperties.Setter threadPoolProperties = HystrixThreadPoolProperties.Setter().withCoreSize(10)
.withKeepAliveTimeMinutes(15).withQueueSizeRejectionThreshold(100);
// 命令属性配置Hystrix 开启超时
HystrixCommandProperties.Setter commandProperties = HystrixCommandProperties.Setter()
// 采用线程池方式实现服务隔离
.withExecutionIsolationStrategy(HystrixCommandProperties.ExecutionIsolationStrategy.THREAD)
// 禁止
.withExecutionTimeoutEnabled(true);
return HystrixCommand.Setter.withGroupKey(groupKey).andCommandKey(commandKey).andThreadPoolKey(threadPoolKey)
.andThreadPoolPropertiesDefaults(threadPoolProperties).andCommandPropertiesDefaults(commandProperties);
}
@Override //降级
protected JSONObject getFallback() {
// 如果Hystrix发生熔断,当前服务不可用,直接执行Fallback方法
System.out.println("系统错误!");
JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
jsonObject.put("code", 500);
jsonObject.put("msg", "系统错误!");
return jsonObject;
}
}
启动类:
package com.toov5;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class AppOrder {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(AppOrder.class, args);
}
}
yml:
server:
port: 8080
tomcat:
max-threads: 20
效果:
可以看到(开启超时),不同的线程池,服务隔离,服务降级。