谈一下在Linux下C++开发常见的几种内存错误

1. double free

 

看下面这段代码： 

#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int * pData = new int; *pData = 5; delete pData; delete pData; return 0; }  

编译后的运行结果是：

 

$ ./dbfree 

*** glibc detected *** ./dbfree: double free or corruption (fasttop): 0x08eb4008 ***

 

这里很明显已经对pData这个指针释放了两次，但在我们的实际项目中的情况可能会比这个复杂的多。

对于double free 的调试我们可以使用valgrind工具，方法很简单，就直接使用valgrind来运行编译好的可执行程序就行了：

 

 

$ valgrind ./dbfree ==6116== Memcheck, a memory error detector ==6116== Copyright (C) 2002-2009, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al. ==6116== Using Valgrind-3.6.0.SVN-Debian and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info ==6116== Command: ./dbfree ==6116== ==6116== Invalid free() / delete / delete[] ==6116== at 0x4024851: operator delete(void*) (vg_replace_malloc.c:387) ==6116== by 0x804863E: main (dbfree.cc:8) ==6116== Address 0x42d8028 is 0 bytes inside a block of size 4 free'd ==6116== at 0x4024851: operator delete(void*) (vg_replace_malloc.c:387) ==6116== by 0x8048632: main (dbfree.cc:7) ==6116== ==6116== ==6116== HEAP SUMMARY: ==6116== in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks ==6116== total heap usage: 1 allocs, 2 frees, 4 bytes allocated ==6116== ==6116== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible ==6116== ==6116== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v ==6116== ERROR SUMMARY: 1 errors from 1 contexts (suppressed: 19 from 8) 

 

请主要上面高亮的地方，到这里大家应该都已经明白了，我就不废话了。

 

待续...