经典的串口通信程序

//循环向a函数每次发送200个字节长度（这个是固定的）的buffer,
//a函数中需要将循环传进来的buffer，组成240字节（也是固定的）的新buffer进行处理，
//在处理的时候每次从新buffer中取两个字节打印
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#pragma warning(disable:4996)
#endif
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#include <windows.h>
#include <process.h>
#include <io.h>
#define MYVOID void
#define vsnprintf _vsnprintf
#else
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#define CRITICAL_SECTION pthread_mutex_t
#define MYVOID void *
#endif
//Log{
#define MAXLOGSIZE 20000000
#define MAXLINSIZE 16000
#include <time.h>
#include <sys/timeb.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
char logfilename1[]=“MyLog1.log”;
char logfilename2[]=“MyLog2.log”;
static char logstr[MAXLINSIZE+1];
char datestr[16];
char timestr[16];
char mss[4];
CRITICAL_SECTION cs_log;
FILE *flog;
#ifdef _MSC_VER
void Lock(CRITICAL_SECTION *l) {
EnterCriticalSection(l);
}
void Unlock(CRITICAL_SECTION *l) {
LeaveCriticalSection(l);
}
void sleep_ms(int ms) {
Sleep(ms);
}
#else
void Lock(CRITICAL_SECTION *l) {
pthread_mutex_lock(l);
}
void Unlock(CRITICAL_SECTION l) {
pthread_mutex_unlock(l);
}
void sleep_ms(int ms) {
usleep(ms1000);
}
#endif
void LogV(const char *pszFmt,va_list argp) {
struct tm *now;
struct timeb tb;

if (NULL==pszFmt||0==pszFmt[0]) return;
vsnprintf(logstr,MAXLINSIZE,pszFmt,argp);
ftime(&tb);
now=localtime(&tb.time);
sprintf(datestr,"%04d-%02d-%02d",now->tm_year+1900,now->tm_mon+1,now->tm_mday);
sprintf(timestr,"%02d:%02d:%02d",now->tm_hour     ,now->tm_min  ,now->tm_sec );
sprintf(mss,"%03d",tb.millitm);
printf("%s %s.%s %s",datestr,timestr,mss,logstr);
flog=fopen(logfilename1,"a");
if (NULL!=flog) {
    fprintf(flog,"%s %s.%s %s",datestr,timestr,mss,logstr);
    if (ftell(flog)>MAXLOGSIZE) {
        fclose(flog);
        if (rename(logfilename1,logfilename2)) {
            remove(logfilename2);
            rename(logfilename1,logfilename2);
        }
    } else {
        fclose(flog);
    }
}

}
void Log(const char *pszFmt,…) {
va_list argp;

Lock(&cs_log);
va_start(argp,pszFmt);
LogV(pszFmt,argp);
va_end(argp);
Unlock(&cs_log);

}
//Log}
#define ASIZE 200
#define BSIZE 240
#define CSIZE 2
char Abuf[ASIZE];
char Cbuf[CSIZE];
CRITICAL_SECTION cs_HEX;
CRITICAL_SECTION cs_BBB;
struct FIFO_BUFFER {
int head;
int tail;
int size;
char data[BSIZE];
} BBB;
int No_Loop=0;
void HexDump(int cn,char *buf,int len) {
int i,j,k;
char binstr[80];

Lock(&cs_HEX);
for (i=0;i<len;i++) {
    if (0==(i%16)) {
        sprintf(binstr,"%03d %04x -",cn,i);
        sprintf(binstr,"%s %02x",binstr,(unsigned char)buf[i]);
    } else if (15==(i%16)) {
        sprintf(binstr,"%s %02x",binstr,(unsigned char)buf[i]);
        sprintf(binstr,"%s  ",binstr);
        for (j=i-15;j<=i;j++) {
            sprintf(binstr,"%s%c",binstr,('!'<buf[j]&&buf[j]<='~')?buf[j]:'.');
        }
        Log("%s\n",binstr);
    } else {
        sprintf(binstr,"%s %02x",binstr,(unsigned char)buf[i]);
    }
}
if (0!=(i%16)) {
    k=16-(i%16);
    for (j=0;j<k;j++) {
        sprintf(binstr,"%s   ",binstr);
    }
    sprintf(binstr,"%s  ",binstr);
    k=16-k;
    for (j=i-k;j<i;j++) {
        sprintf(binstr,"%s%c",binstr,('!'<buf[j]&&buf[j]<='~')?buf[j]:'.');
    }
    Log("%s\n",binstr);
}
Unlock(&cs_HEX);

}
int GetFromRBuf(int cn,CRITICAL_SECTION *cs,struct FIFO_BUFFER *fbuf,char *buf,int len) {
int lent,len1,len2;

lent=0;
Lock(cs);
if (fbuf->size>=len) {
    lent=len;
    if (fbuf->head+lent>BSIZE) {
        len1=BSIZE-fbuf->head;
        memcpy(buf     ,fbuf->data+fbuf->head,len1);
        len2=lent-len1;
        memcpy(buf+len1,fbuf->data           ,len2);
        fbuf->head=len2;
    } else {
        memcpy(buf     ,fbuf->data+fbuf->head,lent);
        fbuf->head+=lent;
    }
    fbuf->size-=lent;
}
Unlock(cs);
return lent;

}
MYVOID thdB(void *pcn) {
char *recv_buf;
int recv_nbytes;
int cn;
int wc;
int pb;

cn=(int)pcn;
Log("%03d thdB              thread begin...\n",cn);
while (1) {
    sleep_ms(10);
    recv_buf=(char *)Cbuf;
    recv_nbytes=CSIZE;
    wc=0;
    while (1) {
        pb=GetFromRBuf(cn,&cs_BBB,&BBB,recv_buf,recv_nbytes);
        if (pb) {
            Log("%03d recv %d bytes\n",cn,pb);
            HexDump(cn,recv_buf,pb);
            sleep_ms(1);
        } else {
            sleep_ms(1000);
        }
        if (No_Loop) break;//
        wc++;
        if (wc>3600) Log("%03d %d==wc>3600!\n",cn,wc);
    }
    if (No_Loop) break;//
}

#ifndef _MSC_VER
pthread_exit(NULL);
#endif
}
int PutToRBuf(int cn,CRITICAL_SECTION *cs,struct FIFO_BUFFER *fbuf,char *buf,int len) {
int lent,len1,len2;

Lock(cs);
lent=len;
if (fbuf->size+lent>BSIZE) {
    lent=BSIZE-fbuf->size;
}
if (fbuf->tail+lent>BSIZE) {
    len1=BSIZE-fbuf->tail;
    memcpy(fbuf->data+fbuf->tail,buf     ,len1);
    len2=lent-len1;
    memcpy(fbuf->data           ,buf+len1,len2);
    fbuf->tail=len2;
} else {
    memcpy(fbuf->data+fbuf->tail,buf     ,lent);
    fbuf->tail+=lent;
}
fbuf->size+=lent;
Unlock(cs);
return lent;

}
MYVOID thdA(void *pcn) {
char *send_buf;
int send_nbytes;
int cn;
int wc;
int a;
int pa;

cn=(int)pcn;
Log("%03d thdA              thread begin...\n",cn);
a=0;
while (1) {
    sleep_ms(100);
    memset(Abuf,a,ASIZE);
    a=(a+1)%256;
    if (16==a) {No_Loop=1;break;}//去掉这句可以让程序一直循环直到按Ctrl+C或Ctrl+Break或当前目录下存在文件No_Loop
    send_buf=(char *)Abuf;
    send_nbytes=ASIZE;
    Log("%03d sending %d bytes\n",cn,send_nbytes);
    HexDump(cn,send_buf,send_nbytes);
    wc=0;
    while (1) {
        pa=PutToRBuf(cn,&cs_BBB,&BBB,send_buf,send_nbytes);
        Log("%03d sent %d bytes\n",cn,pa);
        HexDump(cn,send_buf,pa);
        send_buf+=pa;
        send_nbytes-=pa;
        if (send_nbytes<=0) break;//
        sleep_ms(1000);
        if (No_Loop) break;//
        wc++;
        if (wc>3600) Log("%03d %d==wc>3600!\n",cn,wc);
    }
    if (No_Loop) break;//
}

#ifndef _MSC_VER
pthread_exit(NULL);
#endif
}
int main() {
#ifdef _MSC_VER
InitializeCriticalSection(&cs_log);
InitializeCriticalSection(&cs_HEX);
InitializeCriticalSection(&cs_BBB);
#else
pthread_t threads[2];
int threadsN;
int rc;
pthread_mutex_init(&cs_log,NULL);
pthread_mutex_init(&cs_HEX,NULL);
pthread_mutex_init(&cs_BBB,NULL);
#endif
Log(“Start===========================================================\n”);

BBB.head=0;
BBB.tail=0;
BBB.size=0;

#ifdef _MSC_VER
_beginthread((void(__cdecl *)(void *))thdA,0,(void *)1);
_beginthread((void(__cdecl *)(void *))thdB,0,(void *)2);
#else
threadsN=0;
rc=pthread_create(&(threads[threadsN++]),NULL,thdA,(void *)1);if (rc) Log("%d=pthread_create %d error!\n",rc,threadsN-1);
rc=pthread_create(&(threads[threadsN++]),NULL,thdB,(void *)2);if (rc) Log("%d=pthread_create %d error!\n",rc,threadsN-1);
#endif

if (!access("No_Loop",0)) {
    remove("No_Loop");
    if (!access("No_Loop",0)) {
        No_Loop=1;
    }
}
while (1) {
    sleep_ms(1000);
    if (No_Loop) break;//
    if (!access("No_Loop",0)) {
        No_Loop=1;
    }
}
sleep_ms(3000);
Log("End=============================================================\n");

#ifdef _MSC_VER
DeleteCriticalSection(&cs_BBB);
DeleteCriticalSection(&cs_HEX);
DeleteCriticalSection(&cs_log);
#else
pthread_mutex_destroy(&cs_BBB);
pthread_mutex_destroy(&cs_HEX);
pthread_mutex_destroy(&cs_log);
#endif
return 0;
}

任何收发两端速度不一致的通讯，都需要在它们之间使用一个足够大的FIFO缓冲区。
对任何FIFO缓冲区的使用，都需要仔细考虑接收端接收时超时无数据和发送端发送时FIFO缓冲区已满这两种情况下该如何做。
这些概念都在这段经典代码中有所体现。
这段经典代码还包括以下必须考虑的因素：
◆跨Windows和Linux平台
◆多线程锁
◆多线程日志
◆日志文件占用的磁盘空间可控
◆日志中的时间包括毫秒
◆传输的数据对应的每个字节到底是几
◆如何退出多线程程序