网上有很多关于MVVM的Command绑定,我这里介绍一种借助Prism的非常方便的绑定方式。
1.项目中添加Prism.dll引用
2.创建ViewModel,定义ICommand命令和委托方法,注意DelegateCommand是Prism中的类
- public class Window1ViewModel {
- public ICommand ButtonCommand {
- get {
- return new DelegateCommand(() => {
- MessageBox.Show("Button");
- });
- }
- }
- }
3.xaml中绑定,先指定DataContext,然后在Button的Command中指定绑定ButtonCommand命令
- <Window x:Class="WpfApplication1.Window1"
- xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
- xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
- xmlns:vm="clr-namespace:WpfApplication1"
- Title="Window1" Height="193" Width="190">
- <Window.DataContext>
- <vm:Window1ViewModel />
- </Window.DataContext>
- <Grid>
- <Button Content="Button" Height="33" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="34,20,0,0" Name="button1" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="109"
- Command="{Binding ButtonCommand}"/>
- </Grid>
- </Window>
点击按钮后,显示了对话框。成功!
我们如果需要在Command中传递参数,实现也很简单。DelegateCommand还有一个DelegateCommand<T>版本,可以传递一个T类型的参数。
1.View的Button绑定,其中CommandParameter定义了一个“20”的参数
- <Window x:Class="WpfApplication1.Window1"
- xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
- xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
- xmlns:vm="clr-namespace:WpfApplication1"
- Title="Window1" Height="193" Width="190">
- <Window.DataContext>
- <vm:Window1ViewModel />
- </Window.DataContext>
- <Grid>
- <Button Content="Button" Height="33" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="34,20,0,0" Name="button1" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="109"
- Command="{Binding ButtonCommand}"
- CommandParameter="20"/>
- </Grid>
- </Window>
2.ViewModel定义命令,注意委托参数
- namespace WpfApplication1 {
- public class Window1ViewModel {
- public ICommand ButtonCommand {
- get {
- return new DelegateCommand<string>((str) => {
- MessageBox.Show("Button's parameter:"+str);
- });
- }
- }
- }
- }
并且,特殊情况下,我们可以将控件对象作为参数传递给ViewModel,注意{Binding RelativeSource={x:Static RelativeSource.Self}}是绑定自己(Button)的意思。
- <Window x:Class="WpfApplication1.Window1"
- xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
- xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
- xmlns:vm="clr-namespace:WpfApplication1"
- Title="Window1" Height="193" Width="190">
- <Window.DataContext>
- <vm:Window1ViewModel />
- </Window.DataContext>
- <Grid>
- <Button Content="Button" Height="33" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="34,20,0,0" Name="button1" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="109"
- Command="{Binding ButtonCommand}"
- CommandParameter="20"/>
- <Button Content="Button" Height="33" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="34,85,0,0" Name="button2" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="109"
- Command="{Binding ButtonCommand2}"
- CommandParameter="{Binding RelativeSource={x:Static RelativeSource.Self}}"/>
- </Grid>
- </Window>
再看ViewModel
- namespace WpfApplication1 {
- public class Window1ViewModel {
- public ICommand ButtonCommand {
- get {
- return new DelegateCommand<string>((str) => {
- MessageBox.Show("Button's parameter:"+str);
- });
- }
- }
- public ICommand ButtonCommand2 {
- get {
- return new DelegateCommand<Button>((button) => {
- button.Content = "Clicked";
- MessageBox.Show("Button");
- });
- }
- }
- }
- }
这样就可以在委托中获取Button对象了。但是MVVM本身比建议ViewModel操作View。
下面介绍一种更强大的命令绑定,可以用于各种事件的ViewModel触发。
WPF中不是所有的控件都有Command属性的,如果窗体我需要在ViewModel中处理Loaded事件命令,或者其他事件的命令时,很难都过绑定Command完成,必须要注册依赖属性或事件等,太麻烦了。我喜欢简约、有效的方式,现在我和大家一起分享一下。
场景,我需要处理Button的Click和MouseMove事件,但又避免用后置代码,尽量要在ViewModel中获取。单独一个Click可以通过Button的Command来完成,在前两篇文章中我已介绍过,现在就来处理MouseMove事件,这是需要一个System.Windows.Interactivity.dll,该dll是安装Blend后才有的,在C:\Program Files\Microsoft SDKs\Expression\Blend\.NETFramework\v4.0\Libraries目录中,然后我们仍需要Prism.dll。
xaml:
- <Window x:Class="WpfApplication1.Window2"
- xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
- xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
- xmlns:i="clr-namespace:System.Windows.Interactivity;assembly=System.Windows.Interactivity"
- xmlns:vm="clr-namespace:WpfApplication1"
- Title="Window2" Height="124" Width="214">
- <Window.DataContext>
- <vm:Window2ViewModel />
- </Window.DataContext>
- <Grid>
- <Button Name="btn" Content="Button" Height="33" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="40,24,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="109">
- <i:Interaction.Triggers>
- <i:EventTrigger EventName="Click">
- <i:InvokeCommandAction Command="{Binding Command1}" CommandParameter="10" />
- </i:EventTrigger>
- <i:EventTrigger EventName="MouseMove">
- <i:InvokeCommandAction Command="{Binding Command2}" CommandParameter="{Binding ElementName=btn}" />
- </i:EventTrigger>
- </i:Interaction.Triggers>
- </Button>
- </Grid>
- </Window>
注意;xmlns:i="clr-namespace:System.Windows.Interactivity;assembly=System.Windows.Interactivity"就是导入Blend的dll,然后在控件内部用<i:Interaction.Triggers/>即可,其它应该一看就知道,我通过事件触发器,来引发ViewModel中两个Command,第二个Command的参数是Button对象,通过ElementName=btn来指定。
ViewModel:
- namespace WpfApplication1 {
- public class Window2ViewModel {
- public ICommand Command1 {
- get {
- return new DelegateCommand<string>((str) => {
- MessageBox.Show("Command1 with parameter:"+str);
- });
- }
- }
- public ICommand Command2 {
- get {
- return new DelegateCommand<Button>((button) => {
- Point p = Mouse.GetPosition(button);
- button.Content = string.Format("{0},{1}", p.X, p.Y);
- });
- }
- }
- }
- }
这部分内容和上一章内容基本相同。
好了,测试一下,实现起来是不是非常简洁!(我以前是做Java的,所以代码简洁明了是一贯作风,生活也是如此!)
代码下载:http://qing2005.download.csdn.net/
转自:http://blog.csdn.net/qing2005/article/details/6601475