Centos离线安装MySQL

一、CentOS7.4系统自带mariadb

# 查看系统自带的Mariadb
[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64
# 卸载系统自带的Mariadb
[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64
# 删除etc目录下的my.cnf
[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ ~]# rm /etc/my.cnf

二、检查mysql是否存在

# 检查mysql是否存在
[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ ~]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ ~]# 

三、查看用户和组是否存在

1）检查mysql组合用户是否存在

# 检查mysql组和用户是否存在，如无则创建
[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ ~]# cat /etc/group | grep mysql 
[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ ~]# cat /etc/passwd | grep mysql 

# 查询全部用户（只是做记录，没必要执行）
[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ ~]# cat /etc/passwd|grep -v nologin|grep -v halt|grep -v shutdown|awk -F ":" '{print $1 "|" $3 "1" $4}' | more 
root|010
sync|510
mysql|99711001

2）若不存在，则创建mysql组和用户

# 创建mysql用户组
[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ ~]# groupadd mysql
# 创建一个用户名为mysql的用户，并加入mysql用户组
[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ ~]# useradd -g mysql mysql
# 制定password 为111111
[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ ~]# passwd mysql
Changing password for user mysql.
New password: 
BAD PASSWORD: The password is a palindrome
Retype new password: 
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

四、下载mysql的tar包

https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloads

五、上传第四步下载的mysql TAR包到服务器

# 进入/usr/local/src文件夹
[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ ~]# cd /usr/local/
# 解压mysql-5.7.22-el7-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ src]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.22-el7-x86_64.tar.gz
# 解压后的文件移动到/usr/local文件夹
[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ src]# mv mysql-5.7.22-el7-x86_64 /usr/local
# 进入/usr/local下，修改为mysql
[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ src]# cd /usr/local
[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ local]# mv mysql-5.7.22-el7-x86_64 mysql

六、更改所属的组和用户

# 更改所属的组和用户
[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ local]# chown -R mysql mysql/
[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ local]# chgrp -R mysql mysql/
[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ local]# cd mysql/
[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ mysql]# mkdir data
[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql data

七、在/etc下创建my.cnf文件

# 进入/etc文件夹下
[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ mysql]# cd /etc
# 创建my.cnf文件
[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ etc]# touch my.cnf 
# 编辑my.cnf
[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ etc]# vim my.cnf 

1）my.cnf添加如下内容：

[mysql]
# 设置mysql客户端默认字符集
default-character-set=utf8 

[mysqld]
# 设置3306端口
port = 3306 
# 设置mysql的安装目录
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
# 设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
# 允许最大连接数
max_connections=200
# 服务端使用的字符集默认为8比特编码的latin1字符集
character-set-server=utf8
# 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎
default-storage-engine=INNODB 
lower_case_table_names=1
max_allowed_packet=16M

2）查看my.cnf内容

# 查看my.cnf文件
[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ mysql]# cat /etc/my.cnf

八、进入mysql文件夹，并安装mysql

# 进入mysql
[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ etc]# cd /usr/local/mysql/ 
# 安装mysql
[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ mysql]# bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/
2018-07-04 15:46:02 [WARNING] 5mysql_install_db is deprecated. Please consider switching to mysqld --initialize
2018-07-04 15:46:05 [WARNING] The bootstrap log isn't empty:
2018-07-04 15:46:05 [WARNING] 2018-07-04T15:46:02.728710Z 0 [Warning] --bootstrap is deprecated. Please consider using --initialize instead
2018-07-01T15:46:02.729161Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: max_open_files: 1024 (requested 5000)
2018-07-04 T15:46:02.729167Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: table_open_cache: 407 (requested 2000)

[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ mysql]# cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ mysql]# chown 777 /etc/my.cnf 
[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ mysql]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

九、启动mysql

# 启动mysql
[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. 
Starting MySQL. 

十、设置开机启动

#设置开机启动
[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ mysql]# chkconfig --level 35 mysqld on
[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ mysql]# chkconfig --list mysqld

[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ mysql]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ mysql]# chkconfig --list mysqld
[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ mysql]# service mysqld status
 SUCCESS! MySQL running (4475)

十一、修改配置文件

1）修改/etc/profile，在最后添加如下内容

# 修改/etc/profile文件
#set mysql environment
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
# 使文件生效
[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ mysql]# source /etc/profile

十二、获得mysql初始密码

# 1、获得mysql初始密码
[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ bin]# cat /root/.mysql_secret  
# Password set for user 'root@localhost' at 2017-04-17 17:40:02 
_pB*3VZl5T<6

# 2、修改密码
[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ bin]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 53
Server version: 5.7.22 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> set PASSWORD = PASSWORD('root');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

十三、添加远程访问权限

# 添加远程访问权限
mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select host,user from user;
+-----------+---------------+
| host      | user          |
+-----------+---------------+
| %         | root          |
| localhost | mysql.session |
| localhost | mysql.sys     |
+-----------+---------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

十四、重启mysql生效

# 重启mysql
[root@iZ2ze3hm3gyjyjz628l7rgZ bin]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart 
Shutting down MySQL.. 
Starting MySQL. 

转至：https://www.jianshu.com/p/1c6641316f41