如何在SQL SELECT
语句中执行IF...THEN
?
例如:
SELECT IF(Obsolete = 'N' OR InStock = 'Y' ? 1 : 0) AS Saleable, * FROM Product
#1楼
如果您是第一次将结果插入表中,而不是将结果从一个表转移到另一个表,那么这在Oracle 11.2g中有效:
INSERT INTO customers (last_name, first_name, city)
SELECT 'Doe', 'John', 'Chicago' FROM dual
WHERE NOT EXISTS
(SELECT '1' from customers
where last_name = 'Doe'
and first_name = 'John'
and city = 'Chicago');
#2楼
使用纯位逻辑:
DECLARE @Product TABLE (
id INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY NOT NULL
,Obsolote CHAR(1)
,Instock CHAR(1)
)
INSERT INTO @Product ([Obsolote], [Instock])
VALUES ('N', 'N'), ('N', 'Y'), ('Y', 'Y'), ('Y', 'N')
;
WITH cte
AS
(
SELECT
'CheckIfInstock' = CAST(ISNULL(NULLIF(ISNULL(NULLIF(p.[Instock], 'Y'), 1), 'N'), 0) AS BIT)
,'CheckIfObsolote' = CAST(ISNULL(NULLIF(ISNULL(NULLIF(p.[Obsolote], 'N'), 0), 'Y'), 1) AS BIT)
,*
FROM
@Product AS p
)
SELECT
'Salable' = c.[CheckIfInstock] & ~c.[CheckIfObsolote]
,*
FROM
[cte] c
请参阅工作演示:如果在SQL Server中没有 ,请参见。
首先,您需要计算选定条件下的true
和false
值。 这是两个NULLIF :
for true: ISNULL(NULLIF(p.[Instock], 'Y'), 1)
for false: ISNULL(NULLIF(p.[Instock], 'N'), 0)
组合在一起得出1或0。接下来使用按位运算符 。
这是最所见即所得的方法。
#3楼
通过此链接 ,我们可以了解T-SQL中的IF THEN ELSE
:
IF EXISTS(SELECT *
FROM Northwind.dbo.Customers
WHERE CustomerId = 'ALFKI')
PRINT 'Need to update Customer Record ALFKI'
ELSE
PRINT 'Need to add Customer Record ALFKI'
IF EXISTS(SELECT *
FROM Northwind.dbo.Customers
WHERE CustomerId = 'LARSE')
PRINT 'Need to update Customer Record LARSE'
ELSE
PRINT 'Need to add Customer Record LARSE'
对于T-SQL来说这还不够吗?
#4楼
对于使用SQL Server 2012的用户,IIF是一项已添加的功能,可以替代Case语句。
SELECT IIF(Obsolete = 'N' OR InStock = 'Y', 1, 0) AS Salable, *
FROM Product
#5楼
SELECT CASE WHEN profile.nrefillno = 0 THEN 'N' ELSE 'R'END as newref
From profile
#6楼
case statement some what similar to if in SQL server
SELECT CASE
WHEN Obsolete = 'N' or InStock = 'Y'
THEN 1
ELSE 0
END as Saleable, *
FROM Product
#7楼
SQL Server中的简单if-else语句:
DECLARE @val INT;
SET @val = 15;
IF @val < 25
PRINT 'Hi Ravi Anand';
ELSE
PRINT 'By Ravi Anand.';
GO
SQL Server中的嵌套If ... else语句-
DECLARE @val INT;
SET @val = 15;
IF @val < 25
PRINT 'Hi Ravi Anand.';
ELSE
BEGIN
IF @val < 50
PRINT 'what''s up?';
ELSE
PRINT 'Bye Ravi Anand.';
END;
GO
#8楼
这不是答案,只是我在工作中使用的CASE语句的示例。 它具有嵌套的CASE语句。 现在您知道为什么我的眼睛被交叉了。
CASE orweb2.dbo.Inventory.RegulatingAgencyName
WHEN 'Region 1'
THEN orweb2.dbo.CountyStateAgContactInfo.ContactState
WHEN 'Region 2'
THEN orweb2.dbo.CountyStateAgContactInfo.ContactState
WHEN 'Region 3'
THEN orweb2.dbo.CountyStateAgContactInfo.ContactState
WHEN 'DEPT OF AGRICULTURE'
THEN orweb2.dbo.CountyStateAgContactInfo.ContactAg
ELSE (
CASE orweb2.dbo.CountyStateAgContactInfo.IsContract
WHEN 1
THEN orweb2.dbo.CountyStateAgContactInfo.ContactCounty
ELSE orweb2.dbo.CountyStateAgContactInfo.ContactState
END
)
END AS [County Contact Name]
#9楼
SQL Server 2012中添加了一个新功能IIF (我们可以简单地使用它):
SELECT IIF ( (Obsolete = 'N' OR InStock = 'Y'), 1, 0) AS Saleable, * FROM Product
#10楼
SELECT 1 AS Saleable, *
FROM @Product
WHERE ( Obsolete = 'N' OR InStock = 'Y' )
UNION
SELECT 0 AS Saleable, *
FROM @Product
WHERE NOT ( Obsolete = 'N' OR InStock = 'Y' )
#11楼
SELECT IIF(Obsolete = 'N' OR InStock = 'Y',1,0) AS Saleable, * FROM Product
#12楼
SELECT CASE WHEN Obsolete = 'N' or InStock = 'Y' THEN 1 ELSE 0
END AS Saleable, *
FROM Product
#13楼
作为CASE
语句的替代解决方案,可以使用表驱动的方法:
DECLARE @Product TABLE (ID INT, Obsolete VARCHAR(10), InStock VARCHAR(10))
INSERT INTO @Product VALUES
(1,'N','Y'),
(2,'A','B'),
(3,'N','B'),
(4,'A','Y')
SELECT P.* , ISNULL(Stmt.Saleable,0) Saleable
FROM
@Product P
LEFT JOIN
( VALUES
( 'N', 'Y', 1 )
) Stmt (Obsolete, InStock, Saleable)
ON P.InStock = Stmt.InStock OR P.Obsolete = Stmt.Obsolete
结果:
ID Obsolete InStock Saleable
----------- ---------- ---------- -----------
1 N Y 1
2 A B 0
3 N B 1
4 A Y 1
#14楼
SELECT
CAST(
CASE WHEN Obsolete = 'N'
or InStock = 'Y' THEN ELSE 0 END AS bit
) as Saleable, *
FROM
Product
#15楼
题:
SELECT IF(Obsolete = 'N' OR InStock = 'Y' ? 1 : 0) AS Saleable, * FROM Product
ANSI:
Select
case when p.Obsolete = 'N'
or p.InStock = 'Y' then 1 else 0 end as Saleable,
p.*
FROM
Product p;
使用别名(在这种情况下为p
将有助于防止出现问题。
#16楼
您可以通过两种选择来实际实现:
使用从SQL Server 2012中引入的IIF:
SELECT IIF ( (Obsolete = 'N' OR InStock = 'Y'), 1, 0) AS Saleable, * FROM Product
使用
Select Case
:SELECT CASE WHEN Obsolete = 'N' or InStock = 'Y' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END as Saleable, * FROM Product
#17楼
将会是这样的:
SELECT OrderID, Quantity,
CASE
WHEN Quantity > 30 THEN "The quantity is greater than 30"
WHEN Quantity = 30 THEN "The quantity is 30"
ELSE "The quantity is under 30"
END AS QuantityText
FROM OrderDetails;
#18楼
为了完整起见,我要补充一点,SQL使用三值逻辑。 表达方式:
obsolete = 'N' OR instock = 'Y'
可能产生三个不同的结果:
| obsolete | instock | saleable |
|----------|---------|----------|
| Y | Y | true |
| Y | N | false |
| Y | null | null |
| N | Y | true |
| N | N | true |
| N | null | true |
| null | Y | true |
| null | N | null |
| null | null | null |
因此,例如,如果某产品已过时,但您不知道该产品是否有库存,则您不知道该产品是否可销售。 您可以按如下所示编写此三值逻辑:
SELECT CASE
WHEN obsolete = 'N' OR instock = 'Y' THEN 'true'
WHEN NOT (obsolete = 'N' OR instock = 'Y') THEN 'false'
ELSE NULL
END AS saleable
确定了它的工作原理后,可以通过确定null的行为将三个结果转换为两个结果。 例如,这会将null视为不可销售:
SELECT CASE
WHEN obsolete = 'N' OR instock = 'Y' THEN 'true'
ELSE 'false' -- either false or null
END AS saleable
#19楼
SELECT
(CASE
WHEN (Obsolete = 'N' OR InStock = 'Y') THEN 'YES'
ELSE 'NO'
END) as Salable
, *
FROM Product
#20楼
使用案例。 这样的事情。
SELECT Salable =
CASE Obsolete
WHEN 'N' THEN 1
ELSE 0
END
#21楼
SELECT
CASE
WHEN OBSOLETE = 'N' or InStock = 'Y' THEN 'TRUE'
ELSE 'FALSE'
END AS Salable,
*
FROM PRODUCT
#22楼
CASE
语句与SQL中的IF最接近,并且在所有版本的SQL Server中都受支持。
SELECT CAST(
CASE
WHEN Obsolete = 'N' or InStock = 'Y'
THEN 1
ELSE 0
END AS bit) as Saleable, *
FROM Product
如果要将结果作为布尔值,则仅需要执行CAST
。 如果您对int
感到满意,则可以这样做:
SELECT CASE
WHEN Obsolete = 'N' or InStock = 'Y'
THEN 1
ELSE 0
END as Saleable, *
FROM Product
CASE
语句可以嵌入其他CASE
语句中,甚至可以包含在聚合中。
SQL Server Denali(SQL Server 2012)添加了IIF语句,该语句也可以在访问中使用 (由Martin Smith指出):
SELECT IIF(Obsolete = 'N' or InStock = 'Y', 1, 0) as Saleable, * FROM Product
#23楼
您可以在The Power of SQL CASE Statements中找到一些不错的示例,我认为您可以使用的语句将类似于以下内容(来自4guysfromrolla ):
SELECT
FirstName, LastName,
Salary, DOB,
CASE Gender
WHEN 'M' THEN 'Male'
WHEN 'F' THEN 'Female'
END
FROM Employees
#24楼
Microsoft SQL Server(T-SQL)
在select
,使用:
select case when Obsolete = 'N' or InStock = 'Y' then 'YES' else 'NO' end
在where
子句中,使用:
where 1 = case when Obsolete = 'N' or InStock = 'Y' then 1 else 0 end
#25楼
使用CASE语句:
SELECT CASE
WHEN (Obsolete = 'N' OR InStock = 'Y')
THEN 'Y'
ELSE 'N'
END as Available
etc...
#26楼
在这种情况下,案例陈述是您的朋友,采用两种形式之一:
简单的情况:
SELECT CASE <variable> WHEN <value> THEN <returnvalue>
WHEN <othervalue> THEN <returnthis>
ELSE <returndefaultcase>
END AS <newcolumnname>
FROM <table>
扩展案例:
SELECT CASE WHEN <test> THEN <returnvalue>
WHEN <othertest> THEN <returnthis>
ELSE <returndefaultcase>
END AS <newcolumnname>
FROM <table>
您甚至可以将case语句放在order by子句中,以进行真正的排序。
#27楼
在SQL Server 2012中,您可以使用IIF
函数 。
SELECT IIF(Obsolete = 'N' OR InStock = 'Y', 1, 0) AS Salable, *
FROM Product
实际上,这只是编写CASE
一种简捷方式(尽管不是标准的SQL)。
与扩展的CASE
版本相比,我更简洁。
IIF()
和CASE
都可解析为SQL语句中的表达式,并且只能在定义明确的位置使用。
CASE表达式不能用于控制Transact-SQL语句,语句块,用户定义的函数和存储过程的执行流程。
如果这些限制不能满足您的需求(例如,需要根据某些条件返回形状不同的结果集),则SQL Server也会提供过程IF
关键字。
IF @IncludeExtendedInformation = 1
BEGIN
SELECT A,B,C,X,Y,Z
FROM T
END
ELSE
BEGIN
SELECT A,B,C
FROM T
END