Java JIT在运行JDK代码时是否作弊？

本文翻译自：Does Java JIT cheat when running JDK code?

I was benchmarking some code, and I could not get it to run as fast as with java.math.BigInteger , even when using the exact same algorithm. 我正在对一些代码进行基准测试，即使使用完全相同的算法，也无法像java.math.BigInteger那样快速运行。 So I copied java.math.BigInteger source into my own package and tried this: 所以我将java.math.BigInteger源复制到我自己的包中并尝试了这个：

//import java.math.BigInteger;

public class MultiplyTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Random r = new Random(1);
        long tm = 0, count = 0,result=0;
        for (int i = 0; i < 400000; i++) {
            int s1 = 400, s2 = 400;
            BigInteger a = new BigInteger(s1 * 8, r), b = new BigInteger(s2 * 8, r);
            long tm1 = System.nanoTime();
            BigInteger c = a.multiply(b);
            if (i > 100000) {
                tm += System.nanoTime() - tm1;
                count++;
            }
            result+=c.bitLength();
        }
        System.out.println((tm / count) + "nsec/mul");
        System.out.println(result); 
    }
}

When I run this (jdk 1.8.0_144-b01 on MacOS) it outputs: 当我运行它（在MacOS上为jdk 1.8.0_144-b01）时，它输出：

12089nsec/mul
2559044166

When I run it with the import line uncommented: 当我使用取消注释的导入行运行它时：

4098nsec/mul
2559044166

It's almost three times as fast when using the JDK version of BigInteger versus my version, even if it's using the exact same code . 使用BigInteger的JDK版本与我的版本相比，它几乎快三倍，即使它使用完全相同的代码 。

I've examined the bytecode with javap, and compared compiler output when running with options: 我用javap检查了字节码，并在运行选项时比较了编译器输出：

-Xbatch -XX:-TieredCompilation -XX:+PrintCompilation -XX:+UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions 
-XX:+PrintInlining -XX:CICompilerCount=1

and both versions seem to generate the same code. 并且两个版本似乎生成相同的代码。 So is hotspot using some precomputed optimisations that I can't use in my code? 使用一些我在代码中无法使用的预先计算优化的热点也是如此吗？ I always understood that they don't. 我一直都明白他们没有。 What explains this difference? 是什么解释了这种差异

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#1楼

参考：https://stackoom.com/question/36dwM/Java-JIT在运行JDK代码时是否作弊

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#2楼

Yes, HotSpot JVM is kind of "cheating", because it has a special version of some BigInteger methods that you won't find in Java code. 是的，HotSpot JVM有点“作弊”，因为它有一些你在Java代码中找不到的BigInteger方法的特殊版本。 These methods are called JVM intrinsics . 这些方法称为JVM内在函数 。

In particular, BigInteger.multiplyToLen is an instrinsic method in HotSpot. 特别是， BigInteger.multiplyToLen是HotSpot中的一种内在方法。 There is a special hand-coded assembly implementation in JVM source base, but only for x86-64 architecture. JVM源代码库中有一个特殊的手工编码程序集实现 ，但仅适用于x86-64体系结构。

You may disable this instrinsic with -XX:-UseMultiplyToLenIntrinsic option to force JVM to use pure Java implementation. 您可以使用-XX:-UseMultiplyToLenIntrinsic选项禁用此-XX:-UseMultiplyToLenIntrinsic以强制JVM使用纯Java实现。 In this case the performance will be similar to the performance of your copied code. 在这种情况下，性能将与您复制的代码的性能类似。

PS Here is a list of other HotSpot intrinsic methods. PS这是其他HotSpot内在方法的列表 。

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#3楼

In Java 8 this is indeed an intrinsic method; 在Java 8中，这确实是一种内在的方法; a slightly modified version of the method: 稍微修改过的方法版本：

 private static BigInteger test() {

    Random r = new Random(1);
    BigInteger c = null;
    for (int i = 0; i < 400000; i++) {
        int s1 = 400, s2 = 400;
        BigInteger a = new BigInteger(s1 * 8, r), b = new BigInteger(s2 * 8, r);
        c = a.multiply(b);
    }
    return c;
}

Running this with: 运行此：

 java -XX:+UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions  
      -XX:+PrintInlining 
      -XX:+PrintIntrinsics 
      -XX:CICompilerCount=2 
      -XX:+PrintCompilation   
       <YourClassName>

This will print lots of lines and one of them will be: 这将打印许多行，其中一行将是：

 java.math.BigInteger::multiplyToLen (216 bytes)   (intrinsic)

In Java 9 on the other hand that method seems to not be an intrinsic anymore, but in turn it calls a method that is an intrinsic: 另一方面，在Java 9中 ，该方法似乎不再是内在的，而是反过来它调用一个内在的方法：

 @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
 private static int[] implMultiplyToLen

So running the same code under Java 9 (with the same parameters) will reveal: 因此，在Java 9下运行相同的代码（具有相同的参数）将揭示：

java.math.BigInteger::implMultiplyToLen (216 bytes)   (intrinsic)

Underneath it's the same code for the method - just a slightly different naming. 在它下面是该方法的相同代码 - 只是稍微不同的命名。