我什么时候应该使用结构而不是类？_什么时候应该使用结构而不是类?-CSDN博客

本文翻译自：When should I use a struct instead of a class?

MSDN says that you should use structs when you need lightweight objects. MSDN说你应该在需要轻量级对象时使用结构。 Are there any other scenarios when a struct is preferable over a class? 当结构比类更可取时，还有其他任何情况吗？

Some people might have forgotten that: 有些人可能忘记了：

structs can have methods. 结构可以有方法。
structs cannot be inherited. 结构不能被继承。

I understand the technical differences between structs and classes, I just don't have a good feel for when to use a struct. 我理解结构和类之间的技术差异，我只是对使用结构时没有很好的感觉。

#1楼

参考：https://stackoom.com/question/MFt/我什么时候应该使用结构而不是类

#2楼

In addition the the excellent answers above: 另外上面的优秀答案：

Structures are value types. 结构是价值类型。

They can never be set to Nothing . 它们永远不会被设置为Nothing 。

Setting a structure = Nothing , will set all its values types to their default values. 设置结构=无，将其所有值类型设置为其默认值。

#3楼

结构在堆栈而不是堆上，因此它们是线程安全的，并且应该在实现传输对象模式时使用，您永远不想在堆上使用它们是易失性的，在这种情况下您希望使用调用堆栈，这是使用结构的一个基本案例我很惊讶这里的答案，

#4楼

Use a class if: 使用类如果：

Its identity is important. 它的身份很重要。 Structures get copied implicitly when being passed by value into a method. 在通过值传递给方法时，结构会隐式复制。
It will have a large memory footprint. 它将占用大量内存。
Its fields need initializers. 它的字段需要初始化器。
You need to inherit from a base class. 您需要从基类继承。
You need polymorphic behavior; 你需要多态行为;

Use a structure if: 使用结构如果：

It will act like a primitive type (int, long, byte, etc.). 它将像一个原始类型（int，long，byte等）。
It must have a small memory footprint. 它的内存占用量必须很小。
You are calling a P/Invoke method that requires a structure to be passed in by value. 您正在调用P / Invoke方法，该方法需要按值传递结构。
You need to reduce the impact of garbage collection on application performance. 您需要减少垃圾收集对应用程序性能的影响。
Its fields need to be initialized only to their default values. 其字段只需初始化为默认值。 This value would be zero for numeric types, false for Boolean types, and null for reference types. 对于数字类型，此值为零，对于布尔类型，该值为false，对于引用类型，该值为null。
- Note that in C# 6.0 structs can have a default constructor that can be used to initialize the struct's fields to nondefault values. 请注意，在C＃6.0中，结构可以有一个默认构造函数，可用于将struct的字段初始化为非默认值。
You do not need to inherit from a base class (other than ValueType, from which all structs inherit). 您不需要从基类继承（除了ValueType，所有结构都从该类继承）。
You do not need polymorphic behavior. 您不需要多态行为。

#5楼

我认为最好的答案就是使用struct，当你需要的是一组属性时，类是属性和行为的集合。

#6楼

I am surprised I have not read at any of the previous answer this, which I consider the most crucial aspect : 我很惊讶我没有读过任何前面的答案，我认为这是最关键的方面：

I use structs when I want a type with no identity. 当我想要一个没有身份的类型时，我使用结构。 For example a 3D point: 例如3D点：

public struct ThreeDimensionalPoint
{
    public readonly int X, Y, Z;
    public ThreeDimensionalPoint(int x, int y, int z)
    {
        this.X = x;
        this.Y = y;
        this.Z = z;
    }

    public override string ToString()
    {
        return "(X=" + this.X + ", Y=" + this.Y + ", Z=" + this.Z + ")";
    }

    public override int GetHashCode()
    {
        return (this.X + 2) ^ (this.Y + 2) ^ (this.Z + 2);
    }

    public override bool Equals(object obj)
    {
        if (!(obj is ThreeDimensionalPoint))
            return false;
        ThreeDimensionalPoint other = (ThreeDimensionalPoint)obj;
        return this == other;
    }

    public static bool operator ==(ThreeDimensionalPoint p1, ThreeDimensionalPoint p2)
    {
        return p1.X == p2.X && p1.Y == p2.Y && p1.Z == p2.Z;
    }

    public static bool operator !=(ThreeDimensionalPoint p1, ThreeDimensionalPoint p2)
    {
        return !(p1 == p2);
    }
}

If you have two instances of this struct you don't care if they are a single piece of data in memory or two. 如果你有这个结构的两个实例，你不关心它们是内存中的单个数据还是两个。 You just care about the value(s) they hold. 你只关心他们持有的价值。