spring aop(一):JDK动态代理和CGLIB动态代理

1 动态代理和静态代理

1.1 代理模式

代理模式是面向对象编程中比较常见的设计模式,uml图如下:
在这里插入图片描述
需要注意的有下面几点:

  1. 用户只关心接口功能,而不在乎谁提供了功能。上图中接口是 Subject。
  2. 接口真正实现者是上图的 RealSubject,但是它不与用户直接接触,而是通过代理。
  3. 代理就是上图中的 Proxy,由于它实现了 Subject 接口,所以它能够直接与用户接触。
  4. 用户调用 Proxy 的时候,Proxy 内部调用了 RealSubject。所以,Proxy 是中介者,它可以增强 RealSubject 操作。

值得注意的是,代理可以分为静态代理和动态代理两种。先从静态代理讲起。

1.2 静态代理

静态代理的代理类时静态生成的,在编译前已经有了确定的目标对象

1.3 动态代理

动态代理的代理类实在程序运行过程中动态生成的。

2 JDK动态代理

2.1 demo

  1. 需要代理的两个接口类StudentService,TeacherService
public interface StudentService {
    void study(String course);
}
public interface TeacherService {
    void teach(String course);
}
  1. 代理的目标对象类PersonServiceImpl
public class PersonServiceImpl implements StudentService,TeacherService {

    @Override
    public void study(String course){
        System.out.println("学习:"+course);
    }

    @Override
    public void teach(String course) {
        System.out.println("授课:"+course);
    }
}
  1. 代理类JDKDynamicProxy
public class JDKDynamicProxy implements InvocationHandler {
    /**
     * 代理的目标类
     */
    private Object target;

    /**
     * 构造方法注入目标类
     */
    public JDKDynamicProxy(Object target) {
        this.target = target;
    }

    /**
     * 获取代理对象:这里面会进行一系列的操作,生产目标对象的代理对象。
     */
    public <T> T getProxy() {
        return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(target.getClass().getClassLoader(), target.getClass().getInterfaces(), this);
    }

    /**
     * 最终通过代理对象执行方法,都会反射执行这个方法。
     */
    @Override
    public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) {
        Object result = null;
        try {
            System.out.println(method.getName() + ":执行前");
            result = method.invoke(target, args);
            System.out.println(method.getName() + ":执行后");
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return result;
    }
}
  1. 启动测试类
public class ProxyTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        JDKDynamicProxy jdkDynamicProxy = new JDKDynamicProxy(new PersonServiceImpl());
        StudentService studentService = jdkDynamicProxy.getProxy();
        TeacherService teacherService = jdkDynamicProxy.getProxy();
        studentService.study("语文");
        studentService.toString();
        teacherService.teach("数学");
        //以下代码可将动态生成的类文件存储到本地
        byte[] bts = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass("PersonServiceImpl", UserServiceImpl.class.getInterfaces());
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("D:/PersonServiceImpl.class"));
        fos.write(bts);
        fos.flush();
        fos.close();
    }
}
  1. 生成的代理类
public final class PersonServiceImpl extends Proxy implements UserService {
    private static Method m1;
    private static Method m3;
    private static Method m2;
    private static Method m0;

    public PersonServiceImpl(InvocationHandler var1) throws  {
        super(var1);
    }

    public final boolean equals(Object var1) throws  {
        try {
            return (Boolean)super.h.invoke(this, m1, new Object[]{var1});
        } catch (RuntimeException | Error var3) {
            throw var3;
        } catch (Throwable var4) {
            throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var4);
        }
    }

    public final void addUser(String var1) throws  {
        try {
            super.h.invoke(this, m3, new Object[]{var1});
        } catch (RuntimeException | Error var3) {
            throw var3;
        } catch (Throwable var4) {
            throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var4);
        }
    }

    public final String toString() throws  {
        try {
            return (String)super.h.invoke(this, m2, (Object[])null);
        } catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
            throw var2;
        } catch (Throwable var3) {
            throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
        }
    }

    public final int hashCode() throws  {
        try {
            return (Integer)super.h.invoke(this, m0, (Object[])null);
        } catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
            throw var2;
        } catch (Throwable var3) {
            throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
        }
    }

    static {
        try {
            m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", Class.forName("java.lang.Object"));
            m3 = Class.forName("org.example.springstudy.service.UserService").getMethod("addUser", Class.forName("java.lang.String"));
            m2 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString");
            m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode");
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException var2) {
            throw new NoSuchMethodError(var2.getMessage());
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException var3) {
            throw new NoClassDefFoundError(var3.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

2.2 jdk动态代理实现技术及源码

从上一节的demo中,我们可以看到,jdk实现动态代理的技术如下:

  1. 代理接口
  2. 目标对象
  3. JDKDynamicProxy类,实现InvocationHandler接口,持有代理对象
  4. Proxy.newProxyInstance()会在内存中动态生成一个代理类的class文件,这个类继承了Proxy接口,实现了代理对象接口。
  5. 代理类中的方法,都是通过JDKDynamicProxyinvoke方法进行调用的(所以JDKDynamicProxy 需要实现InvocationHandler接口)。
  6. 以上最关键的过程动态的生产代理类class文件及相应的代理对象,这是通过Proxy.newProxyInstance()方法实现的,具体如下。
public static Object newProxyInstance(ClassLoader loader,
                                          Class<?>[] interfaces,
                                          InvocationHandler h)
        throws IllegalArgumentException
    {
        Objects.requireNonNull(h);
 
        final Class<?>[] intfs = interfaces.clone();
        final SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
        if (sm != null) {
            checkProxyAccess(Reflection.getCallerClass(), loader, intfs);
        }

        /*
         * Look up or generate the designated proxy class.
         */
         //查找或者生成一个代理的动态类(怎么生成的class文件就比较复杂了,在此不进行详述)
        Class<?> cl = getProxyClass0(loader, intfs);

        /*
         * Invoke its constructor with the designated invocation handler.
         */
        try {
            if (sm != null) {
                checkNewProxyPermission(Reflection.getCallerClass(), cl);
            }

            final Constructor<?> cons = cl.getConstructor(constructorParams);
            final InvocationHandler ih = h;
            if (!Modifier.isPublic(cl.getModifiers())) {
                AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
                    public Void run() {
                        cons.setAccessible(true);
                        return null;
                    }
                });
            }
            //通过反射创建一个代理类的对象
            return cons.newInstance(new Object[]{h});
        } catch (IllegalAccessException|InstantiationException e) {
            throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            Throwable t = e.getCause();
            if (t instanceof RuntimeException) {
                throw (RuntimeException) t;
            } else {
                throw new InternalError(t.toString(), t);
            }
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
        }
    }

3.CGLIB动态代理

上面的jdk动态代理只能针对接口进行代理,那么如果接口没有实现任何接口,就不能用jdk自带的代理。这时候需要使用cglib代理。

3.1 demo

  1. 代理的目标类Person1ServiceImpl
public class Person1ServiceImpl{

    public void study(String course){
        System.out.println("学习:"+course);
    }
    //注意:这里特意声明为final方法
    public final void teach(String course) {
        System.out.println("授课:"+course);
    }
}
  1. 创建代理的类 CglibDynamicProxy
public class CglibDynamicProxy implements MethodInterceptor {
    public <T> T getProxyInstance(Class c){
        //输出class文件
        System.setProperty(DebuggingClassWriter.DEBUG_LOCATION_PROPERTY, "D:\\code");
        //新建一个cglib的增强类
        Enhancer enhancer = new Enhancer();
        //设置父类,也就是被代理的类
        enhancer.setSuperclass(c);
        //设置回调,主要是最后是执行MethodInterceptor接口的intercept方法
        enhancer.setCallback(this);
        //在内存中创建代理类的Class文件,并通过反射创建代理对象
        return (T) enhancer.create();
    }
    @Override
    public Object intercept(Object sub, Method method, Object[] objects, MethodProxy methodProxy) throws Throwable {
        System.out.println("方法执行前");
        Object invoke = methodProxy.invokeSuper(sub, objects);
        System.out.println("方法执行后");
        return invoke;
    }
}

  1. 启动类
public class ProxyTest {
    public static void main(String[] args){
       CglibDynamicProxy cglibDynamicProxy = new CglibDynamicProxy();
        Person1ServiceImpl proxyInstance = cglibDynamicProxy.getProxyInstance(Person1ServiceImpl.class);
        proxyInstance.study("111");
        proxyInstance.teach("222");

    }
}
  1. 执行结果
方法执行前
学习:111
方法执行后
授课:222
  1. 动态生产的代理类
//
// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
// (powered by Fernflower decompiler)
//

package com.lihui.study.proxy;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import org.springframework.cglib.core.ReflectUtils;
import org.springframework.cglib.core.Signature;
import org.springframework.cglib.proxy.Callback;
import org.springframework.cglib.proxy.Factory;
import org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodInterceptor;
import org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy;

public class Person1ServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$64a03981 extends Person1ServiceImpl implements Factory {
    private boolean CGLIB$BOUND;
    public static Object CGLIB$FACTORY_DATA;
    private static final ThreadLocal CGLIB$THREAD_CALLBACKS;
    private static final Callback[] CGLIB$STATIC_CALLBACKS;
    //设置的回调接口
    private MethodInterceptor CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
    //设置的过滤器
    private static Object CGLIB$CALLBACK_FILTER;
    //被代理的方法
    private static final Method CGLIB$study$0$Method;
    //代理方法
    private static final MethodProxy CGLIB$study$0$Proxy;
    private static final Object[] CGLIB$emptyArgs;
    private static final Method CGLIB$equals$1$Method;
    private static final MethodProxy CGLIB$equals$1$Proxy;
    private static final Method CGLIB$toString$2$Method;
    private static final MethodProxy CGLIB$toString$2$Proxy;
    private static final Method CGLIB$hashCode$3$Method;
    private static final MethodProxy CGLIB$hashCode$3$Proxy;
    private static final Method CGLIB$clone$4$Method;
    private static final MethodProxy CGLIB$clone$4$Proxy;

    static void CGLIB$STATICHOOK1() {
        CGLIB$THREAD_CALLBACKS = new ThreadLocal();
        CGLIB$emptyArgs = new Object[0];
        Class var0 = Class.forName("com.lihui.study.proxy.Person1ServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$64a03981");
        Class var1;
        Method[] var10000 = ReflectUtils.findMethods(new String[]{"equals", "(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z", "toString", "()Ljava/lang/String;", "hashCode", "()I", "clone", "()Ljava/lang/Object;"}, (var1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object")).getDeclaredMethods());
        CGLIB$equals$1$Method = var10000[0];
        CGLIB$equals$1$Proxy = MethodProxy.create(var1, var0, "(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z", "equals", "CGLIB$equals$1");
        CGLIB$toString$2$Method = var10000[1];
        CGLIB$toString$2$Proxy = MethodProxy.create(var1, var0, "()Ljava/lang/String;", "toString", "CGLIB$toString$2");
        CGLIB$hashCode$3$Method = var10000[2];
        CGLIB$hashCode$3$Proxy = MethodProxy.create(var1, var0, "()I", "hashCode", "CGLIB$hashCode$3");
        CGLIB$clone$4$Method = var10000[3];
        CGLIB$clone$4$Proxy = MethodProxy.create(var1, var0, "()Ljava/lang/Object;", "clone", "CGLIB$clone$4");
        CGLIB$study$0$Method = ReflectUtils.findMethods(new String[]{"study", "(Ljava/lang/String;)V"}, (var1 = Class.forName("com.lihui.study.proxy.Person1ServiceImpl")).getDeclaredMethods())[0];
        CGLIB$study$0$Proxy = MethodProxy.create(var1, var0, "(Ljava/lang/String;)V", "study", "CGLIB$study$0");
    }

    final void CGLIB$study$0(String var1) {
        super.study(var1);
    }

    public final void study(String var1) {
        MethodInterceptor var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
        if (var10000 == null) {
            CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
            var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
        }

        if (var10000 != null) {
            var10000.intercept(this, CGLIB$study$0$Method, new Object[]{var1}, CGLIB$study$0$Proxy);
        } else {
            super.study(var1);
        }
    }

    final boolean CGLIB$equals$1(Object var1) {
        return super.equals(var1);
    }

    public final boolean equals(Object var1) {
        MethodInterceptor var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
        if (var10000 == null) {
            CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
            var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
        }

        if (var10000 != null) {
            Object var2 = var10000.intercept(this, CGLIB$equals$1$Method, new Object[]{var1}, CGLIB$equals$1$Proxy);
            return var2 == null ? false : (Boolean)var2;
        } else {
            return super.equals(var1);
        }
    }

    final String CGLIB$toString$2() {
        return super.toString();
    }

    public final String toString() {
        MethodInterceptor var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
        if (var10000 == null) {
            CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
            var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
        }

        return var10000 != null ? (String)var10000.intercept(this, CGLIB$toString$2$Method, CGLIB$emptyArgs, CGLIB$toString$2$Proxy) : super.toString();
    }

    final int CGLIB$hashCode$3() {
        return super.hashCode();
    }

    public final int hashCode() {
        MethodInterceptor var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
        if (var10000 == null) {
            CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
            var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
        }

        if (var10000 != null) {
            Object var1 = var10000.intercept(this, CGLIB$hashCode$3$Method, CGLIB$emptyArgs, CGLIB$hashCode$3$Proxy);
            return var1 == null ? 0 : ((Number)var1).intValue();
        } else {
            return super.hashCode();
        }
    }

    final Object CGLIB$clone$4() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }

    protected final Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        MethodInterceptor var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
        if (var10000 == null) {
            CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
            var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
        }

        return var10000 != null ? var10000.intercept(this, CGLIB$clone$4$Method, CGLIB$emptyArgs, CGLIB$clone$4$Proxy) : super.clone();
    }

    public static MethodProxy CGLIB$findMethodProxy(Signature var0) {
        String var10000 = var0.toString();
        switch(var10000.hashCode()) {
        case -508378822:
            if (var10000.equals("clone()Ljava/lang/Object;")) {
                return CGLIB$clone$4$Proxy;
            }
            break;
        case 581061590:
            if (var10000.equals("study(Ljava/lang/String;)V")) {
                return CGLIB$study$0$Proxy;
            }
            break;
        case 1826985398:
            if (var10000.equals("equals(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z")) {
                return CGLIB$equals$1$Proxy;
            }
            break;
        case 1913648695:
            if (var10000.equals("toString()Ljava/lang/String;")) {
                return CGLIB$toString$2$Proxy;
            }
            break;
        case 1984935277:
            if (var10000.equals("hashCode()I")) {
                return CGLIB$hashCode$3$Proxy;
            }
        }

        return null;
    }

    public Person1ServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$64a03981() {
        CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
    }

    public static void CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS(Callback[] var0) {
        CGLIB$THREAD_CALLBACKS.set(var0);
    }

    public static void CGLIB$SET_STATIC_CALLBACKS(Callback[] var0) {
        CGLIB$STATIC_CALLBACKS = var0;
    }

    private static final void CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(Object var0) {
        Person1ServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$64a03981 var1 = (Person1ServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$64a03981)var0;
        if (!var1.CGLIB$BOUND) {
            var1.CGLIB$BOUND = true;
            Object var10000 = CGLIB$THREAD_CALLBACKS.get();
            if (var10000 == null) {
                var10000 = CGLIB$STATIC_CALLBACKS;
                if (var10000 == null) {
                    return;
                }
            }

            var1.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0 = (MethodInterceptor)((Callback[])var10000)[0];
        }

    }

    public Object newInstance(Callback[] var1) {
        CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS(var1);
        Person1ServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$64a03981 var10000 = new Person1ServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$64a03981();
        CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS((Callback[])null);
        return var10000;
    }

    public Object newInstance(Callback var1) {
        CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS(new Callback[]{var1});
        Person1ServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$64a03981 var10000 = new Person1ServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$64a03981();
        CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS((Callback[])null);
        return var10000;
    }

    public Object newInstance(Class[] var1, Object[] var2, Callback[] var3) {
        CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS(var3);
        Person1ServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$64a03981 var10000 = new Person1ServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$64a03981;
        switch(var1.length) {
        case 0:
            var10000.<init>();
            CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS((Callback[])null);
            return var10000;
        default:
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Constructor not found");
        }
    }

    public Callback getCallback(int var1) {
        CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
        MethodInterceptor var10000;
        switch(var1) {
        case 0:
            var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
            break;
        default:
            var10000 = null;
        }

        return var10000;
    }

    public void setCallback(int var1, Callback var2) {
        switch(var1) {
        case 0:
            this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0 = (MethodInterceptor)var2;
        default:
        }
    }

    public Callback[] getCallbacks() {
        CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
        return new Callback[]{this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0};
    }

    public void setCallbacks(Callback[] var1) {
        this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0 = (MethodInterceptor)var1[0];
    }

    static {
        CGLIB$STATICHOOK1();
    }
}

3.2 技术讲解

从上面的demo可以看到,生成的代理类没有对final修复的teach方法进行代理,因为生成的代理类Person1ServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$64a03981继承了需要代理的类Person1ServiceImpl(final方法是不能被继承的),实现了Factory接口。
整个流程如下:

  1. 新建一个cglib的增强类:Enhancer enhancer = new Enhancer()
  2. 设置代理类和回调:enhancer.setSuperclass(c);enhancer.setCallback(this);
  3. 动态生成代理类的class文件及相应的代理对象: enhancer.create()
  4. 通过代理类调用相应方法,比如调用study()方法;
 public final void study(String var1) {
        MethodInterceptor var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
        if (var10000 == null) {
            CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
            var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
        }

        if (var10000 != null) {
            //实际会调用之前设置的回调对象的回调方法
            var10000.intercept(this, CGLIB$study$0$Method, new Object[]{var1}, CGLIB$study$0$Proxy);
        } else {
            super.study(var1);
        }
    }
  1. 如上,实际会调用之前设置的回调对象的回调方法,参数解释如下:
   /**
   * sub : 传入的子类对象,也就是被代理的对象
   * method :被代理的方法
   * objects:方法入参
   * methodProxy:代理对象的代理方法
   **/
  public Object intercept(Object sub, Method method, Object[] objects, MethodProxy methodProxy) throws Throwable {
        System.out.println("方法执行前");
        Object invoke = methodProxy.invokeSuper(sub, objects);
        System.out.println("方法执行后");
        return invoke;
    }
  1. 执行代理对象的方法:methodProxy.invokeSuper(sub, objects)
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