一、准备工作
安装JDK并配置环境变量。
安装Eclipse或IntelliJ IDEA作为开发工具。
安装Selenium WebDriver库和Tesseract-OCR库。
二、打开网站并设置浏览器窗口
首先,打开浏览器并将窗口最大化,以确保每次截取的图片都是相同的大小:
java
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.WebDriverManager;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.example.com");
driver.manage().window().maximize();
}
}
三、截取带有验证码的网页内容
截取当前屏幕内容,并保存到本地:
java
import org.openqa.selenium.OutputType;
import org.openqa.selenium.TakesScreenshot;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.example.com");
driver.manage().window().maximize();
File screenshot = ((TakesScreenshot) driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
try {
FileUtils.copyFile(screenshot, new File("H://test/01.png"));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
四、识别图片验证码
使用 Tesseract 识别图片验证码
定位验证码在图片中的位置并截取:
java
import net.sourceforge.tess4j.Tesseract;
import net.sourceforge.tess4j.TesseractException;
import java.awt.Rectangle;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.example.com");
driver.manage().window().maximize();
File screenshot = ((TakesScreenshot) driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
try {
FileUtils.copyFile(screenshot, new File("H://test/01.png"));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
BufferedImage fullImg = ImageIO.read(new File("H://test/01.png"));
BufferedImage captchaImg = fullImg.getSubimage(564, 395, 79, 28); // 验证码位置
ImageIO.write(captchaImg, "png", new File("H://test/02.png"));
Tesseract tesseract = new Tesseract();
tesseract.setDatapath("path/to/tessdata"); // 设置tessdata路径
String captchaText = tesseract.doOCR(captchaImg).trim();
System.out.println("Captcha: " + captchaText);
} catch (IOException | TesseractException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
五、输入账号、密码和验证码
定位账号、密码和验证码输入框,并输入相关内容:
java
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.example.com");
driver.manage().window().maximize();
File screenshot = ((TakesScreenshot) driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
try {
FileUtils.copyFile(screenshot, new File("H://test/01.png"));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
BufferedImage fullImg = ImageIO.read(new File("H://test/01.png"));
BufferedImage captchaImg = fullImg.getSubimage(564, 395, 79, 28); // 验证码位置
ImageIO.write(captchaImg, "png", new File("H://test/02.png"));
Tesseract tesseract = new Tesseract();
tesseract.setDatapath("path/to/tessdata"); // 设置tessdata路径
String captchaText = tesseract.doOCR(captchaImg).trim();
System.out.println("Captcha: " + captchaText);
WebElement username = driver.findElement(By.id("username"));
WebElement password = driver.findElement(By.id("password_1"));
WebElement captcha = driver.findElement(By.id("user_ck"));
username.sendKeys("your_username");
password.sendKeys("your_password");
captcha.sendKeys(captchaText);
} catch (IOException | TesseractException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
六、点击登录按钮
定位并点击登录按钮:
java
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.example.com");
driver.manage().window().maximize();
File screenshot = ((TakesScreenshot) driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
try {
FileUtils.copyFile(screenshot, new File("H://test/01.png"));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
BufferedImage fullImg = ImageIO.read(new File("H://test/01.png"));
BufferedImage captchaImg = fullImg.getSubimage(564, 395, 79, 28); // 验证码位置
ImageIO.write(captchaImg, "png", new File("H://test/02.png"));
Tesseract tesseract = new Tesseract();
tesseract.setDatapath("path/to/tessdata"); // 设置tessdata路径
String captchaText = tesseract.doOCR(captchaImg).trim();
System.out.println("Captcha: " + captchaText);
WebElement username = driver.findElement(By.id("username"));
WebElement password = driver.findElement(By.id("password_1"));
WebElement captcha = driver.findElement(By.id("user_ck"));
username.sendKeys("your_username");
password.sendKeys("your_password");
captcha.sendKeys(captchaText);
WebElement loginButton = driver.findElement(By.name("yt0"));
loginButton.click();
} catch (IOException | TesseractException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
七、关闭浏览器
最后,关闭浏览器:
java
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.example.com");
driver.manage().window().maximize();
File screenshot = ((TakesScreenshot) driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
try {
FileUtils.copyFile(screenshot, new File("H://test/01.png"));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
BufferedImage fullImg = ImageIO.read(new File("H://test/01.png"));
BufferedImage captchaImg = fullImg.getSubimage(564, 395, 79, 28); // 验证码位置
ImageIO.write(captchaImg, "png", new File("H://test/02.png"));
Tesseract tesseract = new Tesseract();
tesseract.setDatapath("path/to/tessdata"); // 设置tessdata路径
String captchaText = tesseract.doOCR(captchaImg).trim();
System.out.println("Captcha: " + captchaText);
WebElement username = driver.findElement(By.id("username"));
WebElement password = driver.findElement(By.id("password_1"));
WebElement captcha = driver.findElement(By.id("user_ck"));
username.sendKeys("your_username");
password.sendKeys("your_password");
captcha.sendKeys(captchaText);
WebElement loginButton = driver.findElement(By.name("yt0"));
loginButton.click();
} catch (IOException | TesseractException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
driver.quit();
}
}
}
八、问题和解决方案
Tesseract-OCR 报错解决方案
在使用 Tesseract 识别图片时,如果报错 tesseract-ocr 相关信息,可以通过 tesseract-ocr 下载 页面下载并安装 tesseract-ocr。
设置 Tesseract 实例的 datapath,确保其指向 tesseract-ocr 的安装路径:
Tesseract tesseract = new Tesseract();
tesseract.setDatapath("path/to/tessdata"); // 设置tessdata路径