本文将介绍如何使用Scala编程语言实现一个简单的图像识别应用。我们将利用深度学习框架DL4J(Deeplearning4j)来构建和训练一个图像分类模型。
环境设置
首先,确保你已经安装了Scala和SBT(Scala Build Tool)。然后,创建一个新的SBT项目:
bash
sbt new scala/scala-seed.g8
cd your-project-name
接下来,在build.sbt文件中添加DL4J依赖:
scala
libraryDependencies ++= Seq(
"org.deeplearning4j" % "deeplearning4j-core" % "1.0.0-M1.1",
"org.nd4j" % "nd4j-native-platform" % "1.0.0-M1.1",
"org.datavec" % "datavec-api" % "1.0.0-M1.1",
"org.datavec" % "datavec-data-image" % "1.0.0-M1.1",
"org.slf4j" % "slf4j-simple" % "1.7.30"
)
数据准备
我们将使用CIFAR-10数据集进行训练,该数据集包含60,000张32x32彩色图像,分为10类。首先,下载并解压数据集,然后将数据集放在项目目录中。
图像预处理
在Scala中,我们可以使用DataVec API进行图像预处理。创建一个Scala对象用于图像数据转换:
scala
import org.datavec.api.io.labels.ParentPathLabelGenerator
import org.datavec.api.split.FileSplit
import org.datavec.image.loader.NativeImageLoader
import org.datavec.image.transform.FlipImageTransform
import org.datavec.image.transform.WarpImageTransform
import org.datavec.image.recordreader.ImageRecordReader
import org.nd4j.linalg.dataset.api.preprocessor.DataNormalization
import org.nd4j.linalg.dataset.api.preprocessor.ImagePreProcessingScaler
import java.io.File
import java.util.Random
object ImagePreprocessing {
val height = 32
val width = 32
val channels = 3
val rng = new Random(123)
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
val dataDir = new File("path/to/cifar-10")
val labelMaker = new ParentPathLabelGenerator()
val trainData = new FileSplit(dataDir, NativeImageLoader.ALLOWED_FORMATS, rng)
val recordReader = new ImageRecordReader(height, width, channels, labelMaker)
recordReader.initialize(trainData)
val scaler: DataNormalization = new ImagePreProcessingScaler(0, 1)
scaler.fit(recordReader)
}
}
构建模型
接下来,构建一个简单的卷积神经网络模型:
scala
import org.deeplearning4j.nn.api.OptimizationAlgorithm
import org.deeplearning4j.nn.conf.layers.{ConvolutionLayer, DenseLayer, OutputLayer, SubsamplingLayer}
import org.deeplearning4j.nn.conf.{MultiLayerConfiguration, NeuralNetConfiguration}
import org.deeplearning4j.nn.multilayer.MultiLayerNetwork
import org.deeplearning4j.optimize.listeners.ScoreIterationListener
import org.nd4j.linalg.activations.Activation
import org.nd4j.linalg.dataset.api.preprocessor.DataNormalization
import org.nd4j.linalg.dataset.api.preprocessor.ImagePreProcessingScaler
import org.nd4j.linalg.lossfunctions.LossFunctions
import org.nd4j.linalg.learning.config.Adam
object ImageClassificationModel {
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
val conf: MultiLayerConfiguration = new NeuralNetConfiguration.Builder()
.seed(123)
.optimizationAlgo(OptimizationAlgorithm.STOCHASTIC_GRADIENT_DESCENT)
.updater(new Adam(1e-3))
.list()
.layer(new ConvolutionLayer.Builder(5, 5)
.nIn(3)
.stride(1, 1)
.nOut(32)
.activation(Activation.RELU)
.build())
.layer(new SubsamplingLayer.Builder(SubsamplingLayer.PoolingType.MAX)
.kernelSize(2, 2)
.stride(2, 2)
.build())
.layer(new DenseLayer.Builder().activation(Activation.RELU)
.nOut(128).build())
.layer(new OutputLayer.Builder(LossFunctions.LossFunction.NEGATIVELOGLIKELIHOOD)
.nOut(10)
.activation(Activation.SOFTMAX)
.build())
.build()
val model = new MultiLayerNetwork(conf)
model.init()
model.setListeners(new ScoreIterationListener(10))
// 训练和评估代码将在这里
}
}
训练和评估
最后,编写训练和评估代码:
scala
import org.nd4j.linalg.dataset.api.iterator.DataSetIterator
import org.deeplearning4j.datasets.iterator.impl.ImageRecordReaderDataSetIterator
import org.nd4j.linalg.dataset.api.preprocessor.ImagePreProcessingScaler
object ImageClassificationTraining {
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
val batchSize = 64
val trainData = new FileSplit(new File("path/to/cifar-10/train"), NativeImageLoader.ALLOWED_FORMATS, rng)
val testData = new FileSplit(new File("path/to/cifar-10/test"), NativeImageLoader.ALLOWED_FORMATS, rng)
val trainRecordReader = new ImageRecordReader(height, width, channels, labelMaker)
trainRecordReader.initialize(trainData)
val trainIter: DataSetIterator = new ImageRecordReaderDataSetIterator(trainRecordReader, batchSize, 1, 10)
val testRecordReader = new ImageRecordReader(height, width, channels, labelMaker)
testRecordReader.initialize(testData)
val testIter: DataSetIterator = new ImageRecordReaderDataSetIterator(testRecordReader, batchSize, 1, 10)
val scaler: DataNormalization = new ImagePreProcessingScaler(0, 1)
scaler.fit(trainIter)
trainIter.setPreProcessor(scaler)
testIter.setPreProcessor(scaler)
val model = ImageClassificationModel.model
model.fit(trainIter, 10)
val eval = model.evaluate(testIter)
println(eval.stats())
}
}