Python编程 从入门到实践 练习9-6~练习9-9

9-6 冰淇淋小店

# 创建餐馆类的实例并调用
class Restaurant():
	"""一次模拟餐馆的简单尝试"""
	# 添加一个名为number_served的属性，并将其默认值设置为0
	def __init__(self, restaurant_name, cuisine_type):
		"""初始化属性restaurant_name和cuisine_type"""
		self.restaurant_name = restaurant_name
		self.cuisine_type = cuisine_type
		self.number_served = 0
		
	def describe_restaurant(self):
		"""打印两项信息"""
		print("The restaurant's name is " + self.restaurant_name + ".")
		print("The cuisine type of the restaurant is " + self.cuisine_type + ".")
	
	def open_restaurant(self):
		"""打印一条消息指出餐馆正在营业"""
		print("The restaurant is open.")
	
	def set_number_served(self, number):
		"""设置就餐人数"""
		self.number_served = number
	
	def increment_number_served(self, add):
		"""将就餐人数递增"""
		self.number_served += add

class IceCreamStand(Restaurant):
	"""继承Restaurant类"""
	def __init__(self, restaurant_name, cuisine_type):
		"""
		初始化父类的属性，再初始化冰淇淋小店的特有属性
		"""
		super().__init__(restaurant_name, cuisine_type)
		self.flavors = ['Basics', 'Vanilla', 'Chocolate']
	
	def show_flavor(self):
		for flavor in self.flavors:
			print(flavor)

my_IceCreamStand = IceCreamStand('Cold', 'Ice Cream')
my_IceCreamStand.show_flavor()

9-7 管理员

class User():
	"""用户简介"""
	def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, age, agenda):
		self.first_name = first_name
		self.last_name = last_name
		self.age = age
		self.agenda = agenda
		self.login_attempts = 0
	
	def describe_user(self):
		"""打印用户的信息摘要"""
		print('User: ' + self.first_name + ' ' + self.last_name)
		print('Age: ' + str(self.age))
		print('Agenda: ' + self.agenda + '\n')
	
	def greet_user(self):
		"""向用户发出个性化的问候"""
		print('Welcome ' + self.first_name.title() + '!\n')
	
	def increment_login_attempts(self):
		"""将属性login_attempts加1"""
		self.login_attempts += 1
	
	def reset_login_attempts(self):
		"""将属性login_attempts的值重置为0"""
		self.login_attempts = 0

class Admin(User):
	
	def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, age, agenda):
		"""继承父类的属性,初始化特权属性"""
		super().__init__(first_name, last_name, age, agenda)
		self.privileges = ['can add post', 'can delete post', 'can ban user']
	
	def show_privileges(self):
		"""显示管理员权限"""
		for privilege in self.privileges:
			print(privilege)
	
first_admin = Admin('Ac', 'Fun', 22, 'female')
first_admin.show_privileges()

9-8 权限

class User():
	"""用户简介"""
	def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, age, agenda):
		self.first_name = first_name
		self.last_name = last_name
		self.age = age
		self.agenda = agenda
		self.login_attempts = 0
	
	def describe_user(self):
		"""打印用户的信息摘要"""
		print('User: ' + self.first_name + ' ' + self.last_name)
		print('Age: ' + str(self.age))
		print('Agenda: ' + self.agenda + '\n')
	
	def greet_user(self):
		"""向用户发出个性化的问候"""
		print('Welcome ' + self.first_name.title() + '!\n')
	
	def increment_login_attempts(self):
		"""将属性login_attempts加1"""
		self.login_attempts += 1
	
	def reset_login_attempts(self):
		"""将属性login_attempts的值重置为0"""
		self.login_attempts = 0

class Privileges():
	
	def __init__(self, privileges = ['can add post', 'can delete post', 'can ban user']):
		self.privileges = privileges
	
	def show_privileges(self):
		"""显示管理员权限"""
		for privilege in self.privileges:
			print(privilege)
		
class Admin(User):
	
	def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, age, agenda):
		"""继承父类的属性,初始化特权属性"""
		super().__init__(first_name, last_name, age, agenda)
		self.privileges = Privileges()
		
	
	
first_admin = Admin('Ac', 'Fun', 22, 'female')
first_admin.privileges.show_privileges()

在Privileges中的privileges最好设定一个默认的初始值，否则需要在Admin类中调用Privileges时赋予特定值，未赋予会出错。

9-9 电瓶升级

class Car():
	"""一次模拟汽车的简单尝试"""
	
	def __init__(self, make, model, year):
		"""初始化描述汽车的属性"""
		self.make = make
		self.model = model
		self.year = year
		self.odometer_reading = 0
	
	def get_descriptive_name(self):
		"""返回整洁的描述性信息"""
		long_name = str(self.year) + ' ' + self.make + ' ' + self.model
		return long_name.title()
	
	def read_odometer(self):
		"""打印一条指出汽车里程的消息"""
		print("This car has " + str(self.odometer_reading) + " miles on it.")
	
	def update_odometer(self, mileage):
		"""
		将里程表读数设置为指定的值
		禁止将里程表读数往回调
		"""
		if mileage >= self.odometer_reading:
			self.odometer_reading = mileage
		else:
			print("You can't roll back an odometer!")
	
	def increment_odometer(self, miles):
		"""将里程表读数增加指定的量"""
		self.odometer_reading += miles

class Battery():
	"""一次模拟电动汽车电瓶的简单尝试"""
	
	def __init__(self, battery_size=70):
		"""初始化电瓶的属性"""
		self.battery_size = battery_size
	
	def describe_battery(self):
		"""打印一条描述电瓶容量的消息"""
		print("This car has a " + str(self.battery_size) + "-kWh battery.")
	
	def get_range(self):
		"""打印一条消息， 指出电瓶的续航里程"""
		if self.battery_size == 70:
			range = 240
		elif self.battery_size == 85:
			range = 270
		
		message = "This car can go approximately " + str(range)
		message += " miles on a full charge."
		print(message)
	
	def upgrade_battery(self):
		"""检查电瓶容量，如果不是85，则设置为85"""
		if self.battery_size != 85:
			self.battery_size = 85
		
		
class ElectricCar(Car):
	"""Represent aspects of a car, specific to electric vehicles."""
	
	def __init__(self, make, model, year):
		"""
		电动汽车的独特之处
		初始化父类的属性, 再初始化电动汽车特有的属性
		"""
		super().__init__(make, model, year)
		self.battery = Battery()
	
	# def describe_battery(self):
		# """打印一条描述电瓶容量的消息"""
		# print("This car has a " + str(self.battery_size) + "-kWh battery.")
	
	# def fill_gas_tank():
		# """电动汽车没有油箱"""
		# print("This car doesn't need a gas tank!")
		



my_tesla = ElectricCar('tesla', 'model s', 2016)
my_tesla.battery.get_range()
my_tesla.battery.upgrade_battery()
my_tesla.battery.get_range()

注意调用类中的类时，用两次句点表示法，先访问属性，再访问类中的方法。