使用反射访问特性

最新推荐文章于 2021-11-08 15:59:42 发布

aspnetSky

最新推荐文章于 2021-11-08 15:59:42 发布

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文章标签： class string output

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/aspnetSky/article/details/6311577

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如果没有检索自定义特性的信息和对其进行操作的方法，则定义自定义特性并将其放置在源代码中就没有意义。使用反射，可检索用自定义特性定义的信息。主要方法是 GetCustomAttributes，它返回对象数组，这些对象在运行时等效于源代码特性。此方法具有多个重载版本。有关更多信息，请参见Attribute。特性规范，如

[Author("P. Ackerman", version = 1.1)]
class SampleClass
在概念上等效于：

Author anonymousAuthorObject = new Author( "P. Ackerman");
anonymousAuthorObject.version

下面是一个完整的示例。定义一个自定义特性，将其应用于若干实体并通过反射进行检索。

// Multiuse attribute.
[System.AttributeUsage(System.AttributeTargets.Class |
                       System.AttributeTargets.Struct,
                       AllowMultiple = true) // Multiuse attribute.
]
public class Author : System.Attribute
{
    string name;
    public double version;

    public Author(string name)
    {
        this.name = name;

        // Default value.
        version = 1.0;
    }

    public string GetName()
    {
        return name;
    }
}

// Class with the Author attribute.
[Author("P. Ackerman")]
public class FirstClass
{
    // ...
}

// Class without the Author attribute.
public class SecondClass
{
    // ...
}

// Class with multiple Author attributes.
[Author("P. Ackerman"), Author("R. Koch", version = 2.0)]
public class ThirdClass
{
    // ...
}

class TestAuthorAttribute
{
    static void Test()
    {
        PrintAuthorInfo(typeof(FirstClass));
        PrintAuthorInfo(typeof(SecondClass));
        PrintAuthorInfo(typeof(ThirdClass));
    }

    private static void PrintAuthorInfo(System.Type t)
    {
        System.Console.WriteLine("Author information for {0}", t);

        // Using reflection.
        System.Attribute[] attrs = System.Attribute.GetCustomAttributes(t); // Reflection.

        // Displaying output.
        foreach (System.Attribute attr in attrs)
        {
            if (attr is Author)
            {
                Author a = (Author)attr;
                System.Console.WriteLine("   {0}, version {1:f}", a.GetName(), a.version);
            }
        }
    }
}
/* Output:
    Author information for FirstClass
       P. Ackerman, version 1.00
    Author information for SecondClass
    Author information for ThirdClass
       R. Koch, version 2.00
       P. Ackerman, version 1.00
*/