纯虚函数

1.当在基类中不能为虚函数给出一个有意义的实现时，可以将其声明为纯虚函数，其实现留待派生类完成。例如，把多边形作为一个基类可以派生出三角形，正方形等子类，但多边形本身生成对象就不大合理了，这时就可以把多边形的成员函数定义为纯虚函数。

2.含有纯虚函数的类为抽象类，抽象类所包含的函数仅仅是声明，都是没有函数定义的，所以抽象类不能创建对象。

class Polygon
{
public:
	Polygon(){cout<<"Polygon"<<endl;}
	virtual ~Polygon(){cout<<"~Polygon"<<endl;}
	virtual double area() const=0;
};

class Triangle:public Polygon
{
public:
	~Triangle(){cout<<"~Triangle"<<endl;}
	Triangle(double h, double w) {H=h; W=w;}
	double area() const {return H*W*0.5;}
private:
	double H;
	double W;
};

class Rectangle:public Polygon
{
public:
	~Rectangle(){cout<<"~Rectangle"<<endl;}
	Rectangle(double h, double w) {H=h; W=w;}
	double area() const {return H*W;}
private:
	double H;
	double W;
};

void main()
{
	Polygon *p = new Triangle(5.0, 3.5);
	double temp = p->area();
	cout<<temp<<endl;
	delete p;

	p = new Rectangle(5.0, 3.5);
	temp = p->area();
	cout<<temp<<endl;
	delete p;
}