【Objective-C学习-4】OC内存管理

（1）当使用alloc、new或者copy创建一个对象时，对象的引用计数器被设置为1；

（2）给对象发送一条retain消息，对象的引用计数器+1；

（3）给对象发送一条release消息，对象的引用计数器-1；

（4）当一个对象的引用计数器的值为0时，OC会自动发送一条dealloc消息，收回其占用的内存，所以一般需要重写dealloc方法，释放相关资源；

（5）可以给对象发送retainCount消息获得当前引用计数器的值。

//Book.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Book : NSObject

@property float price;

@end

//Book.m
#import "Book.h"

@implementation Book

- (void)dealloc {
    NSLog(@"destroy the book which costs $%0.2f", _price);
    [super dealloc];
}

@end

//Student.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@class Book;

@interface Student : NSObject

@property Book *book;

@end

//Student.m
#import "Student.h"
#import "Book.h"

@implementation Student

- (void)dealloc {
    NSLog(@"destroy student");
    [_book release];
    _book = nil;
    [super dealloc];
}

@synthesize book = _book;

#pragma mark - setter and getter //pragma mark是Xcode的标记功能，-表示分组

#pragma mark setter
- (void)setBook:(Book *)book {
    if (_book != book) {
        [_book release];
        _book = [book retain];
    }
}

#pragma mark getter
- (Book *)book {
    return _book;
}

@end

//main.m
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Student.h"
#import "Book.h"

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        Student *stu = [[Student alloc] init];
        Book *book1 = [[Book alloc] init];
        book1.price = 35.5;
        stu.book = book1;
        [book1 release];
        
        Book *book2 = [[Book alloc] init];
        book2.price = 57.5;
        stu.book = book2;
        [book2 release];
        
        [stu release];
    }
    return 0;
}