UI元素状态伪类选择器主要用于表单元素上,提高网页的人机交互、操作逻辑以及页面的整体美观,其语法如下:
选择器 | 类型 | 功能描述 |
E:checked | 选中状态伪类选择器 | 匹配选中的复选按钮或单选按钮表单元素 |
E:enabled | 启用状态伪类选择器 | 匹配所有启用的表单元素 |
E:disabled | 不可用状态伪类选择器 | 选择所有禁用的表单元素 |
浏览器兼容性: IE9以及以上版本,所有版本的FF,Chrome, Safari,Opera都支持UI元素状态伪类选择器。
下面的代码样例展示UI元素状态伪类选择器的效果:
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html lang="en-US">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>UI元素状态伪类选择器使用</title>
<style type="text/css">
form {
margin: 0 0 18px;
}
fieldset {
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
border: 0;
}
legend {
display: block;
width: 100%;
padding: 0;
margin-bottom: 27px;
font-size: 19.5px;
line-height: 36px;
color: #333333;
border: 0;
border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e5e5;
}
legend small {
font-size: 13.5px;
color: #999999;
}
label,
input,
button,
select,
textarea {
font-size: 13px;
font-weight: normal;
line-height: 18px;
}
input,
button,
select,
textarea {
font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
}
label {
display: block;
margin-bottom: 5px;
}
select,
textarea,
input[type="text"],
input[type="password"],
input[type="datetime"],
input[type="datetime-local"],
input[type="date"],
input[type="month"],
input[type="time"],
input[type="week"],
input[type="number"],
input[type="email"],
input[type="url"],
input[type="search"],
input[type="tel"],
input[type="color"],
.uneditable-input {
display: inline-block;
height: 18px;
padding: 4px;
margin-bottom: 9px;
font-size: 13px;
line-height: 18px;
color: #555555;
}
input,
textarea {
width: 210px;
}
textarea {
height: auto;
}
textarea,
input[type="text"],
input[type="password"],
input[type="datetime"],
input[type="datetime-local"],
input[type="date"],
input[type="month"],
input[type="time"],
input[type="week"],
input[type="number"],
input[type="email"],
input[type="url"],
input[type="search"],
input[type="tel"],
input[type="color"],
.uneditable-input {
background-color: #ffffff;
border: 1px solid #cccccc;
border-radius: 3px;
box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075);
-webkit-transition: border linear 0.2s, box-shadow linear 0.2s;
-moz-transition: border linear 0.2s, box-shadow linear 0.2s;
-ms-transition: border linear 0.2s, box-shadow linear 0.2s;
-o-transition: border linear 0.2s, box-shadow linear 0.2s;
transition: border linear 0.2s, box-shadow linear 0.2s;
}
/*表单元素获得焦点效果*/
textarea:focus,
input[type="text"]:focus,
input[type="password"]:focus,
input[type="datetime"]:focus,
input[type="datetime-local"]:focus,
input[type="date"]:focus,
input[type="month"]:focus,
input[type="time"]:focus,
input[type="week"]:focus,
input[type="number"]:focus,
input[type="email"]:focus,
input[type="url"]:focus,
input[type="search"]:focus,
input[type="tel"]:focus,
input[type="color"]:focus,
.uneditable-input:focus {
border-color: rgba(82, 168, 236, 0.8);
outline: 0;
outline: thin dotted \9;
box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075), 0 0 8px rgba(82, 168, 236, 0.6);
}
input[type="radio"],
input[type="checkbox"] {
margin: 3px 0;
*margin-top: 0;
line-height: normal;
cursor: pointer;
}
input[type="submit"],
input[type="reset"],
input[type="button"],
input[type="radio"],
input[type="checkbox"] {
width: auto;
}
select,
input[type="file"] {
height: 28px;
*margin-top: 4px;
line-height: 28px;
}
select {
width: 220px;
border: 1px solid #bbb;
}
select[multiple],
select[size] {
height: auto;
}
/*表单中下拉选择框、文件控件、单选按钮、复选按钮得到焦点时效果*/
select:focus,
input[type="file"]:focus,
input[type="radio"]:focus,
input[type="checkbox"]:focus {
outline: thin dotted #333;
outline: 5px auto -webkit-focus-ring-color;
outline-offset: -2px;
}
.radio,
.checkbox {
min-height: 18px;
padding-left: 18px;
}
.radio input[type="radio"],
.checkbox input[type="checkbox"] {
float: left;
margin-left: -18px;
}
.controls > .radio:first-child,
.controls > .checkbox:first-child {
padding-top: 5px;
}
.radio.inline,
.checkbox.inline {
display: inline-block;
padding-top: 5px;
margin-bottom: 0;
vertical-align: middle;
}
.radio.inline + .radio.inline,
.checkbox.inline + .checkbox.inline {
margin-left: 10px;
}
input,
textarea,
.uneditable-input {
margin-left: 0;
}
/*禁用的input、select、textarea表单元素效果*/
input[disabled],/*等效于input:disabled*/
select[disabled],/*等效于select:disabled*/
textarea[disabled],/*等效于textarea:disabled*/
input[readonly],
select[readonly],
textarea[readonly] {
cursor: not-allowed;
background-color: #eeeeee;
border-color: #ddd;
}
/*禁用的单选按钮和复选按钮效果*/
input[type="radio"][disabled],/*等效于input[type="radio"]:disabled*/
input[type="checkbox"][disabled],/*等效于input[type="checkbox"]:disabled*/
input[type="radio"][readonly],
input[type="checkbox"][readonly] {
background-color: transparent;
}
.control-group.warning > label,
.control-group.warning .help-block,
.control-group.warning .help-inline {
color: #c09853;
}
/*表单警告状态下效果*/
.control-group.warning .checkbox,
.control-group.warning .radio,
.control-group.warning input,
.control-group.warning select,
.control-group.warning textarea {
color: #c09853;
border-color: #c09853;
}
/*表单警告状态下并获得焦点下效果*/
.control-group.warning .checkbox:focus,
.control-group.warning .radio:focus,
.control-group.warning input:focus,
.control-group.warning select:focus,
.control-group.warning textarea:focus {
border-color: #a47e3c;
box-shadow: 0 0 6px #dbc59e;
}
.control-group.error > label,
.control-group.error .help-block,
.control-group.error .help-inline {
color: #b94a48;
}
/*表单错误状态下效果*/
.control-group.error .checkbox,
.control-group.error .radio,
.control-group.error input,
.control-group.error select,
.control-group.error textarea {
color: #b94a48;
border-color: #b94a48;
}
/*表单错误状态并获取焦点时效果*/
.control-group.error .checkbox:focus,
.control-group.error .radio:focus,
.control-group.error input:focus,
.control-group.error select:focus,
.control-group.error textarea:focus {
border-color: #953b39;
box-shadow: 0 0 6px #d59392;
}
.control-group.success > label,
.control-group.success .help-block,
.control-group.success .help-inline {
color: #468847;
}
/*表单成功状态下效果*/
.control-group.success .checkbox,
.control-group.success .radio,
.control-group.success input,
.control-group.success select,
.control-group.success textarea {
color: #468847;
border-color: #468847;
}
/*表单成功状态于并获得焦点下效果*/
.control-group.success .checkbox:focus,
.control-group.success .radio:focus,
.control-group.success input:focus,
.control-group.success select:focus,
.control-group.success textarea:focus {
border-color: #356635;
box-shadow: 0 0 6px #7aba7b;
}
input:focus:required:invalid,
textarea:focus:required:invalid,
select:focus:required:invalid {
color: #b94a48;
border-color: #ee5f5b;
}
input:focus:required:invalid:focus,
textarea:focus:required:invalid:focus,
select:focus:required:invalid:focus {
border-color: #e9322d;
box-shadow: 0 0 6px #f8b9b7;
}
.form-actions {
padding: 17px 20px 18px;
margin-top: 18px;
margin-bottom: 18px;
background-color: #f5f5f5;
border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5;
*zoom: 1;
}
.form-actions:before,
.form-actions:after {
display: table;
content: "";
}
.form-actions:after {
clear: both;
}
.uneditable-input {
overflow: hidden;
white-space: nowrap;
cursor: not-allowed;
background-color: #ffffff;
border-color: #eee;
box-shadow: inset 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.025);
}
:-moz-placeholder {
color: #999999;
}
:-ms-input-placeholder {
color: #999999;
}
::-webkit-input-placeholder {
color: #999999;
}
.help-block,
.help-inline {
color: #555555;
}
.help-block {
display: block;
margin-bottom: 9px;
}
.help-inline {
display: inline-block;
*display: inline;
padding-left: 5px;
vertical-align: middle;
*zoom: 1;
}
.form-horizontal input,
.form-horizontal textarea,
.form-horizontal select,
.form-horizontal .help-inline {
display: inline-block;
*display: inline;
margin-bottom: 0;
*zoom: 1;
}
.form-horizontal .hide {
display: none;
}
.control-group {
margin-bottom: 9px;
}
legend + .control-group {
margin-top: 18px;
-webkit-margin-top-collapse: separate;
}
.form-horizontal .control-group {
margin-bottom: 18px;
*zoom: 1;
}
.form-horizontal .control-group:before,
.form-horizontal .control-group:after {
display: table;
content: "";
}
.form-horizontal .control-group:after {
clear: both;
}
.form-horizontal .control-label {
float: left;
width: 140px;
padding-top: 5px;
text-align: right;
}
.form-horizontal .controls {
*display: inline-block;
*padding-left: 20px;
margin-left: 160px;
*margin-left: 0;
}
.form-horizontal .controls:first-child {
*padding-left: 160px;
}
.form-horizontal .help-block {
margin-top: 9px;
margin-bottom: 0;
}
.form-horizontal .form-actions {
padding-left: 160px;
}
.btn {
display: inline-block;
*display: inline;
padding: 4px 10px 4px;
margin-bottom: 0;
*margin-left: .3em;
font-size: 13px;
line-height: 18px;
*line-height: 20px;
color: #333333;
text-align: center;
text-shadow: 0 1px 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75);
vertical-align: middle;
cursor: pointer;
background-color: #f5f5f5;
*background-color: #e6e6e6;
background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #ffffff, #e6e6e6);
background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, 0 0, 0 100%, from(#ffffff), to(#e6e6e6));
background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #ffffff, #e6e6e6);
background-image: -o-linear-gradient(top, #ffffff, #e6e6e6);
background-image: linear-gradient(top, #ffffff, #e6e6e6);
background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #ffffff, #e6e6e6);
background-repeat: repeat-x;
border: 1px solid #cccccc;
*border: 0;
border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);
border-color: #e6e6e6 #e6e6e6 #bfbfbf;
border-bottom-color: #b3b3b3;
border-radius: 4px;
filter: progid:dximagetransform.microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#ffffff', endColorstr='#e6e6e6', GradientType=0);
filter: progid:dximagetransform.microsoft.gradient(enabled=false);
*zoom: 1;
box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
}
.btn:hover,
.btn:active,
.btn.active,
.btn.disabled,/*按钮禁用下效果,等效于.btn:disabled*/
.btn[disabled] {
background-color: #e6e6e6;
*background-color: #d9d9d9;
}
.btn:active,
.btn.active {
background-color: #cccccc \9;
}
.btn:first-child {
*margin-left: 0;
}
.btn:hover {
color: #333333;
text-decoration: none;
background-color: #e6e6e6;
*background-color: #d9d9d9;
background-position: 0 -15px;
-webkit-transition: background-position 0.1s linear;
-moz-transition: background-position 0.1s linear;
-ms-transition: background-position 0.1s linear;
-o-transition: background-position 0.1s linear;
transition: background-position 0.1s linear;
}
.btn:focus {
outline: thin dotted #333;
outline: 5px auto -webkit-focus-ring-color;
outline-offset: -2px;
}
.btn.active,
.btn:active {
background-color: #e6e6e6;
background-color: #d9d9d9 \9;
background-image: none;
outline: 0;
box-shadow: inset 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
}
/*表单按钮禁用状态下效果*/
.btn.disabled,/*等效于.btn:disabled*/
.btn[disabled] {
cursor: default;
background-color: #e6e6e6;
background-image: none;
opacity: 0.65;
filter: alpha(opacity=65);
box-shadow: none;
}
.btn-primary,
.btn-primary:hover {
color: #ffffff;
text-shadow: 0 -1px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);
}
.btn-primary.active {
color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75);
}
.btn {
border-color: #ccc;
border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);
}
.btn-primary {
background-color: #0074cc;
*background-color: #0055cc;
background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #0088cc, #0055cc);
background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, 0 0, 0 100%, from(#0088cc), to(#0055cc));
background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #0088cc, #0055cc);
background-image: -o-linear-gradient(top, #0088cc, #0055cc);
background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #0088cc, #0055cc);
background-image: linear-gradient(top, #0088cc, #0055cc);
background-repeat: repeat-x;
border-color: #0055cc #0055cc #003580;
border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);
filter: progid:dximagetransform.microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#0088cc', endColorstr='#0055cc', GradientType=0);
filter: progid:dximagetransform.microsoft.gradient(enabled=false);
}
.btn-primary:hover,
.btn-primary:active,
.btn-primary.active,
.btn-primary.disabled,
.btn-primary[disabled] {
background-color: #0055cc;
*background-color: #004ab3;
}
.btn-primary:active,
.btn-primary.active {
background-color: #004099 \9;
}
button.btn,
input[type="submit"].btn {
*padding-top: 2px;
*padding-bottom: 2px;
}
button.btn::-moz-focus-inner,
input[type="submit"].btn::-moz-focus-inner {
padding: 0;
border: 0;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<form class="form-horizontal">
<fieldset>
<div class="control-group">
<label class="control-label" for="focusedInput">Focused input</label>
<div class="controls">
<input class="input-xlarge focused" id="focusedInput" type="text" value="This is focused…">
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-group">
<label class="control-label">Uneditable input</label>
<div class="controls">
<span class="input-xlarge uneditable-input">Some value here</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-group">
<label class="control-label" for="disabledInput">Disabled input</label>
<div class="controls">
<input class="input-xlarge disabled" id="disabledInput" type="text" placeholder="Disabled input here…" disabled="">
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-group">
<label class="control-label" for="optionsCheckbox2">Disabled checkbox</label>
<div class="controls">
<label class="checkbox">
<input type="checkbox" id="optionsCheckbox2" value="option1" disabled="">
This is a disabled checkbox
</label>
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-group warning">
<label class="control-label" for="inputWarning">Input with warning</label>
<div class="controls">
<input type="text" id="inputWarning">
<span class="help-inline">Something may have gone wrong</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-group error">
<label class="control-label" for="inputError">Input with error</label>
<div class="controls">
<input type="text" id="inputError">
<span class="help-inline">Please correct the error</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-group success">
<label class="control-label" for="inputSuccess">Input with success</label>
<div class="controls">
<input type="text" id="inputSuccess">
<span class="help-inline">Woohoo!</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-group success">
<label class="control-label" for="selectError">Select with success</label>
<div class="controls">
<select id="selectError">
<option>1</option>
<option>2</option>
<option>3</option>
<option>4</option>
<option>5</option>
</select>
<span class="help-inline">Woohoo!</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-actions">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Save changes</button>
<button class="btn" disabled="disabled">Cancel</button>
</div>
</fieldset>
</form>
</body>
</html>
参考资料: