登录功能的简单实现_登录功能描述-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/augenstern_/article/details/104494597

1. 功能描述

输入用户名、密码、验证码进行登录（关于验证码的实现点这里）
如果用户名和密码输入有误，跳转到登录页面，并提示:用户名或密码错误
如果验证码输入有误，跳转到登录页面，并提示：验证码错误
全部输入正确，显示：用户名，欢迎您

2. 简单分析

编写登录页面
使用 Druid 数据库连接池技术，操作数据库中存用户信息的表user
先判断验证码输入是否正确
验证码输入正确，再判断用户名和密码输入是否正确
需要的jar包自取：
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1OjGY4FxoZQ08ogDbCW4GHQ
提取码：piyf

3. 代码及步骤

创建数据库login并创建user表

CREATE DATABASE login;
USE login;
CREATE TABLE user(
	id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
	username VARCHAR(32) UNIQUE NOT NULL,
	password VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL
	);

创建用户的实体类

package domain;

/**
 * 用户的JavaBean
 */
public class User {
    private int id;
    private String username;
    private String password;

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

}

编写配置文件，并使用Druid数据库连接池技术，编写JDBC工具类

配置文件druid.properties

driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/login
username=XXX
password=XXX
initialSize=5
maxActive=10
maxWait=3000

JDBC工具类

package util;

import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourceFactory;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Properties;

/**
 * JDBC工具类
 */
public class JDBCUtils {
     private static DataSource ds;

    static {
        try {
            //1.加载配置文件
            Properties pro = new Properties();
            InputStream is = JDBCUtils.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("druid.properties");
            pro.load(is);
            //2.初始化连接池对象
            ds = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(pro);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 获取连接池对象
     */
    public static DataSource getDataSource(){
        return ds;
    }

    /**
     * 获取连接Connection对象
     */
    public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
        return ds.getConnection();
    }
}

创建类UserDao,提供login方法

package dao;

import domain.User;
import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import util.JDBCUtils;

/**
 * 操作数据库中User表的类
 */
public class UserDao {
    private JdbcTemplate template = new JdbcTemplate(JDBCUtils.getDataSource());

    public User login(User loginUser){
        try {
            String sql = "select * from user where username=? and password=?";
            User user = template.queryForObject(sql,
                    new BeanPropertyRowMapper<User>(User.class),
                    loginUser.getUsername(),loginUser.getPassword());
            return user;
        } catch (DataAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        }
    }
}

动态生成验证码

 package servlet;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;

/**
 * 验证码
 */
@WebServlet("/CheckCodeServlet")
public class CheckCodeServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        int width = 100;
        int height = 50;

        //1."创建"验证码图片
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width,height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);

        //2."画"验证码
        Graphics g = image.getGraphics();//画笔对象
        g.setColor(Color.orange);//设置画笔颜色
        g.fillRect(0,0,width,height);//填充背景色
        g.setColor(Color.red);
        g.drawRect(0,0,width-1,height-1);//画边框

        //"写验证码"
        String str = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghigklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
        Random ran = new Random();
        StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder();
        for(int i = 1; i <= 4; i++){
            int index = ran.nextInt(str.length());//获取随机角标
            char ch = str.charAt(index);
            s.append(ch);
            g.drawString(ch+"",width/5*i,height/2);//"写验证码"
        }
        String checkCode_session = s.toString();
        request.getSession().setAttribute("checkCode_session",checkCode_session);//将生产的验证码存入session

        //"画"干扰线
        g.setColor(Color.gray);
        for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++){
            int x1 = ran.nextInt(width);
            int x2 = ran.nextInt(width);
            int y1 = ran.nextInt(height);
            int y2 = ran.nextInt(height);
            g.drawLine(x1,y1,x2,y2);
        }

        //3.将验证码输出到页面展示
        ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",response.getOutputStream());
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}

登录的Servlet

package servlet;

import dao.UserDao;
import domain.User;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@WebServlet("/LoginServlet")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");//设置编码
        //获取参数
        String checkCode = request.getParameter("checkCode");//用户输入的验证码
        Map map = new HashMap<>(request.getParameterMap());
        map.remove("checkCode");
        User loginUser = new User();
        try {
            BeanUtils.populate(loginUser,map);
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        //先判断验证码是否正确
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        String checkCode_session = (String)session.getAttribute("checkCode_session");//自动生成的验证码
        session.removeAttribute("checkCode_session");//删除session中存储的验证码，保证只能用一次
        //忽略大小写判断
        if(checkCode_session!=null && checkCode_session.equalsIgnoreCase(checkCode)){//验证码一致
            //判断用户名、密码是否正确
            UserDao dao = new UserDao();
            User user = dao.login(loginUser);
            if(user==null){//登录失败
                request.setAttribute("login_error","用户名或密码错误");
                request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request,response);//转发到登录页面
            }else {//登录成功
                session.setAttribute("user",user);//存储用户信息
                response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/SuccessServlet");//重定向到SuccessServlet
            }
        }else {//验证码不一致
            request.setAttribute("checkCode_error","验证码错误");//存储提示信息到request
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request,response);//转发到登录页面
        }
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}

登录成功的Servlet

package servlet;

import domain.User;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/SuccessServlet")
public class SuccessServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        User user = (User)session.getAttribute("user");
        if(user != null){
            response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
            response.getWriter().write("<h2>登录成功！"+user.getUsername()+"欢迎您</h1>");
        }
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}

登录页面（html、jsp都可以）

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>首页</title>
    <script>
      window.onload = function () {
        var img = document.getElementById("img");
        img.onclick = function () {
          this.src = "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/CheckCodeServlet?time="+new Date().getTime();
        }
        document.getElementById("change").onclick = img.onclick;
      }
    </script>
    <style>
      div{
        color: red;
      }
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
    <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/LoginServlet" method="post">
      <table>
        <tr>
          <td>用户名：</td>
          <td><input type="text" name="username" placeholder="请输入用户名"></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>密码：</td>
          <td><input type="password" name="password" placeholder="请输入密码"></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>验证码：</td>
          <td><input type="text" name="checkCode"></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="2">
            <img id="img" src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/CheckCodeServlet">
            <a id="change" href="">看不清？换一张</a>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr align="center">
          <td colspan="2"><input type="submit" value="登录"></td>
        </tr>
      </table>
    </form>
    <%--如果用户名、密码或验证码输入错误，显示提示信息--%>
    ${requestScope.checkCode_error}
    ${requestScope.login_error}
  </body>
</html>