重温设计模式之装饰(器)模式

动态地给一个对象添加一些额外的职责。就增加功能来说，装饰器模式相比生成子类更为灵活。

以用滤镜处理图片的行为模式为例，其特点是：

1 滤镜有多种且可持续增加新类型
2 用户加滤镜的顺序是随机的
3 每次加滤镜需要叠加之前滤镜的效果

如果用装饰模式来表现，那么UML图是：

代码：

public interface Picture {
    void show();
}

public class Painting implements Picture {
    @Override
    public void show() {
        System.out.println("油画原画");
    }
}

public abstract class Filter implements Picture {
    protected Picture picture;

    public Filter(Picture picture) {
        this.picture = picture;
    }
}

public class BlurFilter extends Filter {

    public BlurFilter(Picture picture) {
        super(picture);
    }

    @Override
    public void show() {
        this.picture.show();
        System.out.println("添加虚化滤镜");
    }
}

public class CutoutFilter extends Filter {

    public CutoutFilter(Picture picture) {
        super(picture);
    }

    @Override
    public void show() {
        this.picture.show();
        System.out.println("添加木纹滤镜");
    }
}

public class WaveFilter extends Filter {

    public WaveFilter(Picture picture) {
        super(picture);
    }

    @Override
    public void show() {
        this.picture.show();
        System.out.println("添加波浪滤镜");
    }
}

客户端：

public class Client {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Filter waveFilter = new WaveFilter(new Painting());
        Filter blurFilter = new BlurFilter(waveFilter);
        Filter cutoutFilter = new CutoutFilter(blurFilter);

        cutoutFilter.show();
    }
}

装饰器有一个经典示例就是java.io类库的设计，例如创建一个带有缓冲机制的文件读写器，其方法为：

BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(filePath)));