现在许多系统的注册、登录或者发布信息模块都添加的随机码功能,就是为了避免自动注册程序或者自动发布程序的使用。
验证码实际上就是随机选择一些字符以图片的形式展现在页面上,如果进行提交操作的同时需要将图片上的字符同时提交,如果提交的字符与服务器session 保存的不同,则认为提交信息无效。为了避免自动程序分析解析图片,通常会在图片上随机生成一些干扰线或者将字符进行扭曲,增加自动识别的难度。
在这里,我们使用servlet来实现随机验证码的实现。
package
com.servlet;
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6810355c2f78c12e91b7997a8e8c583a.gif)
import
java.awt.Color;
import
java.awt.Font;
import
java.awt.Graphics2D;
import
java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import
java.util.Random;
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6810355c2f78c12e91b7997a8e8c583a.gif)
import
javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import
javax.servlet.ServletException;
import
javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import
javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import
javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import
javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import
javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6810355c2f78c12e91b7997a8e8c583a.gif)
/**
* 生成随机验证码
* @author bitiliu
*
*/
public
class
ValidateCodeServlet
extends
HttpServlet
{
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
//验证码图片的宽度。
private int width=60;
//验证码图片的高度。
private int height=20;
//验证码字符个数
private int codeCount=4;
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
private int x=0;
//字体高度
private int fontHeight;
private int codeY;
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
char[] codeSequence = { 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J',
'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W',
'X', 'Y', 'Z', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9' };
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
/**
* 初始化验证图片属性
*/
public void init() throws ServletException
{
//从web.xml中获取初始信息
//宽度
String strWidth=this.getInitParameter("width");
//高度
String strHeight=this.getInitParameter("height");
//字符个数
String strCodeCount=this.getInitParameter("codeCount");
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
//将配置的信息转换成数值
try
{
if(strWidth!=null && strWidth.length()!=0)
{
width=Integer.parseInt(strWidth);
}
if(strHeight!=null && strHeight.length()!=0)
{
height=Integer.parseInt(strHeight);
}
if(strCodeCount!=null && strCodeCount.length()!=0)
{
codeCount=Integer.parseInt(strCodeCount);
}
}
catch(NumberFormatException e)
{}
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
x=width/(codeCount+1);
fontHeight=height-2;
codeY=height-4;
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
}
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, java.io.IOException {
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
//定义图像buffer
BufferedImage buffImg = new BufferedImage(
width, height,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
Graphics2D g = buffImg.createGraphics();
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
//创建一个随机数生成器类
Random random = new Random();
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
//将图像填充为白色
g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
//创建字体,字体的大小应该根据图片的高度来定。
Font font = new Font("Fixedsys", Font.PLAIN, fontHeight);
//设置字体。
g.setFont(font);
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
//画边框。
g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
g.drawRect(0, 0, width - 1, height - 1);
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
//随机产生160条干扰线,使图象中的认证码不易被其它程序探测到。
g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
for(int i = 0; i < 160; i++)
{
int x = random.nextInt(width);
int y = random.nextInt(height);
int xl = random.nextInt(12);
int yl = random.nextInt(12);
g.drawLine(x, y, x + xl, y + yl);
}
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
//randomCode用于保存随机产生的验证码,以便用户登录后进行验证。
StringBuffer randomCode = new StringBuffer();
int red = 0, green = 0, blue = 0;
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
//随机产生codeCount数字的验证码。
for (int i = 0; i < codeCount; i++) {
//得到随机产生的验证码数字。
String strRand = String.valueOf(codeSequence[random.nextInt(36)]);
//产生随机的颜色分量来构造颜色值,这样输出的每位数字的颜色值都将不同。
red = random.nextInt(255);
green = random.nextInt(255);
blue = random.nextInt(255);
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
//用随机产生的颜色将验证码绘制到图像中。
g.setColor(new Color(red, green, blue));
g.drawString(strRand, (i + 1) * x, codeY);
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
//将产生的四个随机数组合在一起。
randomCode.append(strRand);
}
// 将四位数字的验证码保存到Session中。
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
session.setAttribute("validateCode", randomCode.toString());
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
// 禁止图像缓存。
resp.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
resp.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
resp.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
resp.setContentType("image/jpeg");
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
//将图像输出到Servlet输出流中。
ServletOutputStream sos = resp.getOutputStream();
ImageIO.write(buffImg, "jpeg", sos);
sos.close();
}
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
}
需要在web.xml中声明servlet
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ValidateCodeServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.servlet.ValidateCodeServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>width</param-name>
<param-value>60</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>height</param-name>
<param-value>20</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>codeCount</param-name>
<param-value>4</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ValidateCodeServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/validateCodeServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
用户提交后就可以将用户输入的验证码与session中保存的字符串进行比对,达到验证的效果。
验证码实际上就是随机选择一些字符以图片的形式展现在页面上,如果进行提交操作的同时需要将图片上的字符同时提交,如果提交的字符与服务器session 保存的不同,则认为提交信息无效。为了避免自动程序分析解析图片,通常会在图片上随机生成一些干扰线或者将字符进行扭曲,增加自动识别的难度。
在这里,我们使用servlet来实现随机验证码的实现。
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6810355c2f78c12e91b7997a8e8c583a.gif)
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需要在web.xml中声明servlet
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ValidateCodeServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.servlet.ValidateCodeServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>width</param-name>
<param-value>60</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>height</param-name>
<param-value>20</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>codeCount</param-name>
<param-value>4</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ValidateCodeServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/validateCodeServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
用户提交后就可以将用户输入的验证码与session中保存的字符串进行比对,达到验证的效果。