点坐标转换极坐标

atrctfun.cpp

 1 // 程序清单 7.12 atrctfun.cpp
 2 // 坐标转换极坐标
 3 #include <IOSTREAM>
 4 #define _USE_MATH_DEFINES
 5 #include <MATH.H>
 6 
 7 struct rect                            // 点坐标结构 
 8 {
 9     double x;
10     double y;
11 };
12 
13 struct polar                        // 极坐标结构
14 {
15     double distance;                // 长度
16     double angle;                    // 角度
17 };
18 
19 polar rect_to_polar(rect rcpos);    // 点坐标转换极坐标
20 void show_Polar(polar dapos);        // 显示极坐标
21 
22 int main(int argc, char * argv[])
23 {
24     using namespace std;
25     rect rplace;
26     polar pplace;
27     cout << "Enter the x and y value: ";
28     while (cin >> rplace.x >> rplace.y)                // 当输入非数值型数据cin返回false，退出while循环
29     {
30         pplace = rect_to_polar(rplace);
31         show_Polar(pplace);
32         cout << "Next two numbers(q to quit):";
33     }
34     cout << "Done.\n";
35     return 0;
36 }
37 
38 polar rect_to_polar(rect rcpos)
39 {
40     polar pret;
41     pret.distance = sqrt(rcpos.x * rcpos.x + rcpos.y * rcpos.y);
42     pret.angle = atan2(rcpos.y, rcpos.x);
43     return pret;
44 }
45 
46 void show_Polar(polar dapos)
47 {
48     using std::cout;
49     using std::endl;
50     double rad_to_deg = 180/M_PI;                            // 弧度转角度(弧度 * 180 / π)  角度转弧度(角度 * π / 180)
51     cout << "distance = " << dapos.distance << endl;
52     cout << "angle = " << dapos.angle * rad_to_deg << endl;
53 }

实现坐标类Vector

vector.h 

 1 /*
 2 * 程序清单 11.13 vector.h
 3 */
 4 #ifndef VECTOR_H_
 5 #define VECTOR_H_
 6 #include <IOSTREAM>
 7 namespace VECTOR
 8 {
 9     class Vector
10     {
11     private:
12         double x;                // 点坐标x
13         double y;                // 点坐标y
14         double mag;                // 矢量长度
15         double ang;                // 矢量角度(弧度)
16         char mode;                // mode = 'r'点坐标，mode = 'p'极坐标
17 
18         void set_mag();            // 更新矢量长度
19         void set_ang();            // 更新矢量角度
20         void set_x();            // 更新点坐标x
21         void set_y();            // 更新点坐标y
22 
23     public:
24         Vector();                                                    // 默认构造函数
25         Vector(double n1, double n2, char from = 'r');                // 带参数构造函数
26         void set(double n1, double n2, char from = 'r');            // 更新Vector
27         ~Vector();
28         double xval()const {return x;}                                // 输出x
29         double yval()const {return y;}                                // 输出y
30         double magval()const {return mag;}                            // 输入矢量长度
31         double angval()const {return ang;}                            // 输出矢量角度(弧度)
32 
33         void rect_mode() {mode = 'r';}
34         void polar_mode() {mode = 'p';}
35         // 重载操作符
36         Vector operator + (const Vector & b) const;
37         Vector operator - (const Vector & b) const;
38         Vector operator - ();
39         Vector operator * (const double n) const;
40         // 友元函数
41         friend Vector operator* (const double n, const Vector &a);
42         friend std::ostream & operator<< (std::ostream & os, const Vector &v);
43     };
44 }
45 #endif

vector.cpp

  1 #define _USE_MATH_DEFINES
  2 #include <CMATH>
  3 #include "vector.h"
  4 
  5 using std::cout;
  6 
  7 namespace VECTOR
  8 {
  9     const double rad_to_deg = 180/M_PI;
 10     Vector::Vector()
 11     {
 12         x = y = mag = ang = 0.0;
 13         mode = 'r';
 14     }
 15 
 16     Vector::Vector(double n1, double n2, char from /* = 'r' */)
 17     {
 18         mode = from;
 19         if (mode == 'r')
 20         {
 21             x = n1;
 22             y = n2;
 23             set_mag();
 24             set_ang();
 25         }
 26         else if (mode == 'p')
 27         {
 28             mag = n1;
 29             ang = n2;
 30             set_x();
 31             set_y();
 32         }
 33         else
 34         {
 35             cout << "Incorrect 3rd argument to Vector()--";
 36             cout << "vector object set to 0.\n";
 37             x = y = mag = ang = 0.0;
 38             mode = 'r';
 39         }
 40     }
 41 
 42     void Vector::set(double n1, double n2, char from /* = 'r' */)
 43     {
 44         mode = from;
 45         if (mode == 'r')
 46         {
 47             x = n1;
 48             y = n2;
 49             set_mag();
 50             set_ang();
 51         }
 52         else if (mode == 'p')
 53         {
 54             mag = n1;
 55             ang = n2/rad_to_deg;
 56             set_x();
 57             set_y();
 58         }
 59         else
 60         {
 61             cout << "Incorrect 3rd argument to Vector()--";
 62             cout << "vector object set to 0.\n";
 63             x = y = mag = ang = 0.0;
 64             mode = 'r';
 65         }
 66     }
 67 
 68     Vector::~Vector()
 69     {
 70 
 71     }
 72 
 73     void Vector::set_x()
 74     {
 75         x = mag * cos(ang);
 76     }
 77 
 78     void Vector::set_y()
 79     {
 80         y = mag * sin(ang);
 81     }
 82 
 83     void Vector::set_mag()
 84     {
 85         mag = sqrt(x * x + y * y);
 86     }
 87 
 88     void Vector::set_ang()
 89     {
 90         if (x == 0.0 && y == 0.0)
 91         {
 92             ang = 0.0;
 93         }
 94         else
 95         {
 96             ang = atan2(y, x);
 97         }
 98     }
 99 
100     // 重载操作符
101     Vector Vector::operator +(const Vector & b) const
102     {
103         return Vector(x + b.x, y + b.y);
104     }
105 
106     Vector Vector::operator -(const Vector & b) const
107     {
108         return Vector(x - b.x, y - b.y);
109     }
110 
111     Vector Vector::operator -()
112     {
113         return Vector(-x, -y);
114     }
115 
116     Vector Vector::operator *(const double n) const
117     {
118         return Vector(x * n, y * n);
119     }
120 
121     // 友元
122     Vector operator * (const double n, const Vector &a)
123     {
124         return a * n;
125     }
126     
127     std::ostream & operator << (std::ostream & os, const Vector & v)
128     {
129         if (v.mode == 'r')
130         {
131             os << "(x, y) = (" << v.x << ", " << v.y << ")";
132         }
133         else if (v.mode == 'p')
134         {
135             os << "(m, a) = (" << v.mag << ", " << v.ang * rad_to_deg << ")";
136         }
137         else
138         {
139             os << "vector object mode is invalid.";
140         }
141         return os;
142     }
143 }

randwalk.cpp

 1 #include <IOSTREAM>
 2 #include <CSTDLIB>
 3 #include <CTIME>
 4 #include "vector.h"
 5 
 6 int main(int argc, char * argv[])
 7 {
 8     using namespace std;
 9     using VECTOR::Vector;
10     srand(time(0));
11     Vector step;
12     Vector result(0.0, 0.0);
13     unsigned long steps = 0;        //步骤
14     double direction;            //方向
15     double target;                //目标
16     double dstep;                //步长
17     cout << "Enter target distance (q to quit): ";
18     while (cin >> target)
19     {
20         cout << "Enter step lenght: ";
21         if (!(cin >> dstep))
22         {
23             break;
24         }
25         while (result.magval() < target)
26         {
27             direction = rand() % 360;
28             step.set(dstep, direction, 'p');
29             result = result + step;
30             steps++;
31         }
32         cout << "After " << steps << " steps, the subject has the following loction: \n";
33         cout << result << endl;
34         result.polar_mode();
35         cout << "or\n" << result << endl;
36         cout << "Average outward distance per step = " << result.magval() / steps << endl;
37         steps = 0;
38         result.set(0.0, 0.0);
39         cout << "Enter target distance (q to quit): ";
40     }
41     cout << "Bye!\n";
42     return 0;
43 }

 

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/kangels/archive/2013/02/27/2935498.html